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Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes

Aline Giroux Orcid Logo, Zaida Ortega Orcid Logo, Nina Attias Orcid Logo, Arnaud Léonard Jean Desbiez Orcid Logo, Denis Valle Orcid Logo, Luca Borger Orcid Logo, Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos Orcid Logo

Animal Behaviour, Volume: 201, Pages: 191 - 209

Swansea University Author: Luca Borger Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.04.008

Abstract

Mammals use thermoregulatory behavioural strategies to reduce the cost of physiological thermoregulation. Environmental temperatures should, therefore, impact their decisions. We investigated the effect of environmental temperature on the movement decisions of a large mammal with low capacity for ph...

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Published in: Animal Behaviour
ISSN: 0003-3472
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63545
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spelling v2 63545 2023-05-30 Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes 8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2 0000-0001-8763-5997 Luca Borger Luca Borger true false 2023-05-30 SBI Mammals use thermoregulatory behavioural strategies to reduce the cost of physiological thermoregulation. Environmental temperatures should, therefore, impact their decisions. We investigated the effect of environmental temperature on the movement decisions of a large mammal with low capacity for physiological thermoregulation: the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla. We GPS-tracked 14 giant anteaters in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland over 5 years. We used hidden Markov models to identify two behavioural states (encamping, as a proxy of resting, and moving, as a proxy of being active) across individuals' trajectories. Then, we estimated the effect of environmental temperature on the probability of moving across the hours of the day in open and forested habitats. We also used integrated step selection analysis to understand how environmental temperature drives giant anteater's habitat selection across the day. Giant anteaters showed three important behavioural thermoregulatory strategies in response to environmental temperature changes: they modulated activity duration, completely shifted activity period on a scale of days and selected forests as thermal shelters. With increasing environmental temperature, giant anteaters increased activity duration, nocturnality and diurnal selection for forests, increasing energy intake while avoiding heat gain by solar radiation. With decreasing environmental temperature, they decreased activity duration, increased diurnality and increased nocturnal selection for forests, thus gaining heat from solar radiation when active and taking shelter in milder microclimates when resting. Besides their high short-term behavioural plasticity regarding activity, giant anteaters also used forests to thermoregulate. These results provide insights into how other mammals could respond to climate change. In particular, we highlight the importance of forests as thermal shelters, offering milder temperatures than adjacent open areas during both hot and cold weather spells. Thermal shelters will become more and more indispensable to animal thermoregulation as the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events increase. Journal Article Animal Behaviour 201 191 209 Elsevier BV 0003-3472 Activity, behavioural thermoregulation, forest conservation, habitat selection, hidden Markov models, integrated step selection analysis, movement ecology, thermal shelter 15 7 2023 2023-07-15 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.04.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.04.008 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University 2023-09-04T12:22:44.9202621 2023-05-30T09:19:24.7637955 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Aline Giroux 0000-0001-6375-6954 1 Zaida Ortega 0000-0002-8167-1652 2 Nina Attias 0000-0002-9472-6763 3 Arnaud Léonard Jean Desbiez 0000-0001-5968-6025 4 Denis Valle 0000-0002-9830-8876 5 Luca Borger 0000-0001-8763-5997 6 Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos 0000-0001-9632-5173 7
title Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes
spellingShingle Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes
Luca Borger
title_short Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes
title_full Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes
title_fullStr Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes
title_full_unstemmed Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes
title_sort Activity modulation and selection for forests help giant anteaters to cope with temperature changes
author_id_str_mv 8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2
author_id_fullname_str_mv 8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2_***_Luca Borger
author Luca Borger
author2 Aline Giroux
Zaida Ortega
Nina Attias
Arnaud Léonard Jean Desbiez
Denis Valle
Luca Borger
Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos
format Journal article
container_title Animal Behaviour
container_volume 201
container_start_page 191
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0003-3472
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.04.008
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.04.008
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Mammals use thermoregulatory behavioural strategies to reduce the cost of physiological thermoregulation. Environmental temperatures should, therefore, impact their decisions. We investigated the effect of environmental temperature on the movement decisions of a large mammal with low capacity for physiological thermoregulation: the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla. We GPS-tracked 14 giant anteaters in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland over 5 years. We used hidden Markov models to identify two behavioural states (encamping, as a proxy of resting, and moving, as a proxy of being active) across individuals' trajectories. Then, we estimated the effect of environmental temperature on the probability of moving across the hours of the day in open and forested habitats. We also used integrated step selection analysis to understand how environmental temperature drives giant anteater's habitat selection across the day. Giant anteaters showed three important behavioural thermoregulatory strategies in response to environmental temperature changes: they modulated activity duration, completely shifted activity period on a scale of days and selected forests as thermal shelters. With increasing environmental temperature, giant anteaters increased activity duration, nocturnality and diurnal selection for forests, increasing energy intake while avoiding heat gain by solar radiation. With decreasing environmental temperature, they decreased activity duration, increased diurnality and increased nocturnal selection for forests, thus gaining heat from solar radiation when active and taking shelter in milder microclimates when resting. Besides their high short-term behavioural plasticity regarding activity, giant anteaters also used forests to thermoregulate. These results provide insights into how other mammals could respond to climate change. In particular, we highlight the importance of forests as thermal shelters, offering milder temperatures than adjacent open areas during both hot and cold weather spells. Thermal shelters will become more and more indispensable to animal thermoregulation as the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events increase.
published_date 2023-07-15T12:22:46Z
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score 11.016235

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