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The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology / SAMUAL NGOMBE

Swansea University Author: SAMUAL NGOMBE

  • E-Thesis – open access under embargo until: 17th May 2026

Abstract

This thesis is an account of an experimental investigation into the manufacture of electroluminescent lighting with 3D geometry. The study required extensive experimentation into the electrophoretic deposition process and its suitability to a complex 3D substrate as opposed to 2D. The research requi...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2023
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Phillips, Christopher O., Deganello, Davide. and Leak, Peter.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63610
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first_indexed 2023-06-08T09:39:18Z
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The research required the development of a novel experimental technique in which multiple surfaces of the substrate may be coated. The experimental set-up required alteration from the original design supplied by the sponsoring company to a singular cylindrical electrode developed through literature research. The layers of the emissive source that were experimented on consisted of a Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) dielectric, phosphor trimix (CaS:Eu, ZnS:Ag and ZnS:Cu, Al) emissive layer and a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) encapsulating polymer layer. Upon successful results from this novel experimental set up, parameters such as applied voltage, processing time (the period that the substrate is submerged in the suspension and the power source is initiated) and solid concentration were tested in a range of combinations. Extensive experimentation allowed for optimal parameters to be found for each layer. BaTiO3 exhibited preferable deposit morphology at a bulk concentration of 20-25 g/L and the addition of adhesion-promoting polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formed a high-quality, uniform deposit. The electrophoretic deposition of the phosphor layer was improved through sieving to a particle size range of 4-11 μm. This allowed for a reduction in particle size distribution to make particle mobility more predictable and improve material suspension. Agitation of the phosphor material was found to be important in maximising deposited material. A stirring rate of 315-390 rpm would encourage the most uniform deposit. Electrophoretic deposition of the encapsulating polymer was unsuccessful due to electrolysis causing hole formation in the deposited layer at the anode. Due to this, a dip coating process was established and was successful in achieving material deposit whilst improving the adhesion of the previous layer. Electrophoretic deposition onto a 3D substrate was successful and it is now possible to coat an entire coil from outside to inside face simultaneously. After optimal conditions were found for the individual layers, sequenced deposition of the dielectric, phosphor and encapsulating polymer layers was also carried out successfully. Parameters required further adjustment to account for the increased system resistance due to material deposit. The preliminary stages of testing electrodeposition of the 3 materials have proven to be a promising method in the fabrication of an alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) device.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea, Wales, UK</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>Electrophoretic deposition (EPD), Alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL)</keywords><publishedDay>24</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-04-24</publishedDate><doi/><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Phillips, Christopher O., Deganello, Davide. and Leak, Peter.</supervisor><degreelevel>Master of Research</degreelevel><degreename>MSc by Research</degreename><degreesponsorsfunders>European Social Fund through the Welsh Government, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Luxtec Global</degreesponsorsfunders><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-06-15T11:24:36.1770754</lastEdited><Created>2023-06-08T10:37:05.2785511</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>SAMUAL</firstname><surname>NGOMBE</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>Under embargo</filename><originalFilename>Under embargo</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-06-08T10:48:29.0493885</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>4912454</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis – open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2026-05-17T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>Copyright: The Author, Samual G. 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spelling v2 63610 2023-06-08 The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology a3ceba7417eefc481138bcba04988753 SAMUAL NGOMBE SAMUAL NGOMBE true false 2023-06-08 This thesis is an account of an experimental investigation into the manufacture of electroluminescent lighting with 3D geometry. The study required extensive experimentation into the electrophoretic deposition process and its suitability to a complex 3D substrate as opposed to 2D. The research required the development of a novel experimental technique in which multiple surfaces of the substrate may be coated. The experimental set-up required alteration from the original design supplied by the sponsoring company to a singular cylindrical electrode developed through literature research. The layers of the emissive source that were experimented on consisted of a Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) dielectric, phosphor trimix (CaS:Eu, ZnS:Ag and ZnS:Cu, Al) emissive layer and a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) encapsulating polymer layer. Upon successful results from this novel experimental set up, parameters such as applied voltage, processing time (the period that the substrate is submerged in the suspension and the power source is initiated) and solid concentration were tested in a range of combinations. Extensive experimentation allowed for optimal parameters to be found for each layer. BaTiO3 exhibited preferable deposit morphology at a bulk concentration of 20-25 g/L and the addition of adhesion-promoting polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formed a high-quality, uniform deposit. The electrophoretic deposition of the phosphor layer was improved through sieving to a particle size range of 4-11 μm. This allowed for a reduction in particle size distribution to make particle mobility more predictable and improve material suspension. Agitation of the phosphor material was found to be important in maximising deposited material. A stirring rate of 315-390 rpm would encourage the most uniform deposit. Electrophoretic deposition of the encapsulating polymer was unsuccessful due to electrolysis causing hole formation in the deposited layer at the anode. Due to this, a dip coating process was established and was successful in achieving material deposit whilst improving the adhesion of the previous layer. Electrophoretic deposition onto a 3D substrate was successful and it is now possible to coat an entire coil from outside to inside face simultaneously. After optimal conditions were found for the individual layers, sequenced deposition of the dielectric, phosphor and encapsulating polymer layers was also carried out successfully. Parameters required further adjustment to account for the increased system resistance due to material deposit. The preliminary stages of testing electrodeposition of the 3 materials have proven to be a promising method in the fabrication of an alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) device. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Electrophoretic deposition (EPD), Alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) 24 4 2023 2023-04-24 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Phillips, Christopher O., Deganello, Davide. and Leak, Peter. Master of Research MSc by Research European Social Fund through the Welsh Government, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Luxtec Global 2023-06-15T11:24:36.1770754 2023-06-08T10:37:05.2785511 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering SAMUAL NGOMBE 1 Under embargo Under embargo 2023-06-08T10:48:29.0493885 Output 4912454 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true 2026-05-17T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The Author, Samual G. T. Ngombe, 2023. true eng
title The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology
spellingShingle The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology
SAMUAL NGOMBE
title_short The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology
title_full The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology
title_fullStr The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology
title_full_unstemmed The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology
title_sort The Electrodeposition of Polymers and Luminescent Materials to Create the Next Generation of Lighting Technology
author_id_str_mv a3ceba7417eefc481138bcba04988753
author_id_fullname_str_mv a3ceba7417eefc481138bcba04988753_***_SAMUAL NGOMBE
author SAMUAL NGOMBE
author2 SAMUAL NGOMBE
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publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
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description This thesis is an account of an experimental investigation into the manufacture of electroluminescent lighting with 3D geometry. The study required extensive experimentation into the electrophoretic deposition process and its suitability to a complex 3D substrate as opposed to 2D. The research required the development of a novel experimental technique in which multiple surfaces of the substrate may be coated. The experimental set-up required alteration from the original design supplied by the sponsoring company to a singular cylindrical electrode developed through literature research. The layers of the emissive source that were experimented on consisted of a Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) dielectric, phosphor trimix (CaS:Eu, ZnS:Ag and ZnS:Cu, Al) emissive layer and a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) encapsulating polymer layer. Upon successful results from this novel experimental set up, parameters such as applied voltage, processing time (the period that the substrate is submerged in the suspension and the power source is initiated) and solid concentration were tested in a range of combinations. Extensive experimentation allowed for optimal parameters to be found for each layer. BaTiO3 exhibited preferable deposit morphology at a bulk concentration of 20-25 g/L and the addition of adhesion-promoting polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formed a high-quality, uniform deposit. The electrophoretic deposition of the phosphor layer was improved through sieving to a particle size range of 4-11 μm. This allowed for a reduction in particle size distribution to make particle mobility more predictable and improve material suspension. Agitation of the phosphor material was found to be important in maximising deposited material. A stirring rate of 315-390 rpm would encourage the most uniform deposit. Electrophoretic deposition of the encapsulating polymer was unsuccessful due to electrolysis causing hole formation in the deposited layer at the anode. Due to this, a dip coating process was established and was successful in achieving material deposit whilst improving the adhesion of the previous layer. Electrophoretic deposition onto a 3D substrate was successful and it is now possible to coat an entire coil from outside to inside face simultaneously. After optimal conditions were found for the individual layers, sequenced deposition of the dielectric, phosphor and encapsulating polymer layers was also carried out successfully. Parameters required further adjustment to account for the increased system resistance due to material deposit. The preliminary stages of testing electrodeposition of the 3 materials have proven to be a promising method in the fabrication of an alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) device.
published_date 2023-04-24T11:24:36Z
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score 11.036531

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