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Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species / ALEXIS MALAGNINO

Swansea University Author: ALEXIS MALAGNINO

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.63705

Abstract

In a context where human-wildlife conflicts are expected to be more frequent due to the expansion and intensification of human activities (e.g. tourism, agriculture, urbanisation, outdoor sports), instituting wildlife management policies promoting sustainable coexistence is more needed than ever. In...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2023
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Börger, Luca. and Loison, Anne.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63705
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first_indexed 2023-06-26T11:20:09Z
last_indexed 2023-06-26T11:20:09Z
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spelling v2 63705 2023-06-26 Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species a472c12b89938186a0cc7a039b653a72 ALEXIS MALAGNINO ALEXIS MALAGNINO true false 2023-06-26 In a context where human-wildlife conflicts are expected to be more frequent due to the expansion and intensification of human activities (e.g. tourism, agriculture, urbanisation, outdoor sports), instituting wildlife management policies promoting sustainable coexistence is more needed than ever. Investigating what are the main drivers of ungulates population dynamics and their responses to global changes (i.e. climate change and landscape anthropization), is then crucial if we aim to infer efficient management practices. Consequently, and as population dynamics and distribution are often the results of fine-scaled behaviours made by individual, we proposed through this thesis work, to more particularly explore the link between spatial behaviours, internal factors and environmental constraints. Based on the data from the monitoring of three wild ungulates species, i.e. roe deer Capreolus capreolus, mediterannean mouflon Ovis gmelini musimon x Ovis sp., and chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, we first showed that age was a major determinant of animals’ spatial behaviours. During the rutting period, older roe deer males travelled greater daily distances than younger males due to patrolling behaviours for territory defence, whereas older mouflon males travelled less than younger males, which often adopted coursing tactics to mate with females. During the birth period, reproductive females had smaller home ranges than non-reproductive females in roe deer, whereas no marked differences were observed in mouflon females. The most marked age-related variation in space use of mouflon occurred outside the reproductive periods; specifically, the oldest individuals travelled less far and had a smaller home range (females only) than younger individuals. Similarly, in another study, we also showed that older chamois females visited locations with higher forage quantity than younger females, possibly because of their higher experience or locomotor senescence. We then demonstrated that external factors such as temperature and local landscape constraints, may also shape animals’ behavioural responses. Individuals which had access to more thermal refuges such as forests and northern slopes, tended to increase their use of these habitats during days of high temperatures. This however was associated with opportunity costs, as thermal refuges typically offered decreased forage conditions, forcing in return these same individuals to increase their time spent foraging and relocating in order to gather sufficient resources. Overall, our results demonstrated that individual variability in age and in local landscape constraints induces among-individual heterogeneity in behavioural tactics, which are likely to result into individual differences in energy budgets that remains now to be explored in further studies. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Age, experience, senescence, reproductive constraints, foraging, behavioural thermoregulation, thermal refuges, opportunity costs, activity budgets 12 4 2023 2023-04-12 10.23889/SUthesis.63705 Due to Embargo and/or Third Party Copyright restrictions, this thesis is not available via this service. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Börger, Luca. and Loison, Anne. Doctoral Ph.D Swansea University, Grenoble Alpes University 2023-10-03T16:08:32.0063158 2023-06-26T12:16:39.9584535 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences ALEXIS MALAGNINO 1
title Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species
spellingShingle Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species
ALEXIS MALAGNINO
title_short Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species
title_full Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species
title_fullStr Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species
title_full_unstemmed Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species
title_sort Environmental and individual-level drivers of movements and space use in three ungulate species
author_id_str_mv a472c12b89938186a0cc7a039b653a72
author_id_fullname_str_mv a472c12b89938186a0cc7a039b653a72_***_ALEXIS MALAGNINO
author ALEXIS MALAGNINO
author2 ALEXIS MALAGNINO
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publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.63705
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 0
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description In a context where human-wildlife conflicts are expected to be more frequent due to the expansion and intensification of human activities (e.g. tourism, agriculture, urbanisation, outdoor sports), instituting wildlife management policies promoting sustainable coexistence is more needed than ever. Investigating what are the main drivers of ungulates population dynamics and their responses to global changes (i.e. climate change and landscape anthropization), is then crucial if we aim to infer efficient management practices. Consequently, and as population dynamics and distribution are often the results of fine-scaled behaviours made by individual, we proposed through this thesis work, to more particularly explore the link between spatial behaviours, internal factors and environmental constraints. Based on the data from the monitoring of three wild ungulates species, i.e. roe deer Capreolus capreolus, mediterannean mouflon Ovis gmelini musimon x Ovis sp., and chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, we first showed that age was a major determinant of animals’ spatial behaviours. During the rutting period, older roe deer males travelled greater daily distances than younger males due to patrolling behaviours for territory defence, whereas older mouflon males travelled less than younger males, which often adopted coursing tactics to mate with females. During the birth period, reproductive females had smaller home ranges than non-reproductive females in roe deer, whereas no marked differences were observed in mouflon females. The most marked age-related variation in space use of mouflon occurred outside the reproductive periods; specifically, the oldest individuals travelled less far and had a smaller home range (females only) than younger individuals. Similarly, in another study, we also showed that older chamois females visited locations with higher forage quantity than younger females, possibly because of their higher experience or locomotor senescence. We then demonstrated that external factors such as temperature and local landscape constraints, may also shape animals’ behavioural responses. Individuals which had access to more thermal refuges such as forests and northern slopes, tended to increase their use of these habitats during days of high temperatures. This however was associated with opportunity costs, as thermal refuges typically offered decreased forage conditions, forcing in return these same individuals to increase their time spent foraging and relocating in order to gather sufficient resources. Overall, our results demonstrated that individual variability in age and in local landscape constraints induces among-individual heterogeneity in behavioural tactics, which are likely to result into individual differences in energy budgets that remains now to be explored in further studies.
published_date 2023-04-12T16:08:33Z
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