Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890

Carter, Tim; Williams, John; Smith, Hance D.; Protheroe-Jones, Jennifer; John, Ann; Roberts, Stephen

doi:10.1177/08438714231181754

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Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890

Tim Carter

, John Williams, Hance D. Smith

, Jennifer Protheroe-Jones, Ann John

, Stephen Roberts

International Journal of Maritime History, Volume: 35, Issue: 3, Pages: 431 - 453

Swansea University Authors: John Williams, Ann John , Stephen Roberts

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DOI (Published version): 10.1177/08438714231181754

Abstract

There was continuing public and political concern about the loss of life at sea during the second half of the nineteenth century in Britain. New regulatory requirements, introduced to examine the competence of officers, prevent overloading and reduce the risks from hazardous cargoes such as coal, we...

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Published in:	International Journal of Maritime History
ISSN:	0843-8714 2052-7756
Published:	SAGE Publications 2023
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63929
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first_indexed	2023-07-22T17:58:29Z
last_indexed	2023-07-22T17:58:29Z
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spelling	v2 63929 2023-07-22 Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890 911a5c03419acf47eab0844e2cd5ab7f John Williams John Williams true false ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 0000-0002-5657-6995 Ann John Ann John true false cb60dd928f72fe7ea03595dab995f070 0000-0001-7981-520X Stephen Roberts Stephen Roberts true false 2023-07-22 MEDS There was continuing public and political concern about the loss of life at sea during the second half of the nineteenth century in Britain. New regulatory requirements, introduced to examine the competence of officers, prevent overloading and reduce the risks from hazardous cargoes such as coal, were in place by 1890. However, the effectiveness of these measures was not systematically monitored at the time. This retrospective evaluation reviews subsequent loss of life in the coal trade, the largest sector of British exports by weight. Loss of life remained high; it was more dangerous to export a ton of coal than it was to mine it. Some routes, such as those around Cape Horn and to Scandinavia, carried the highest risk, and losses on European voyages were more common in winter. Over time, the risks reduced as sail gave way to steam and diesel propulsion, and as maritime communications improved. Journal Article International Journal of Maritime History 35 3 431 453 SAGE Publications 0843-8714 2052-7756 Coal shipping, fatalities, hazardous voyages, seafarers, ship losses 1 8 2023 2023-08-01 10.1177/08438714231181754 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee Some of the data collection for this study was supported by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (grant number RP 578). 2024-06-06T13:59:21.8158800 2023-07-22T18:54:25.7321448 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Tim Carter 0000-0002-5021-0730 1 John Williams 2 Hance D. Smith 0000-0001-5520-0788 3 Jennifer Protheroe-Jones 4 Ann John 0000-0002-5657-6995 5 Stephen Roberts 0000-0001-7981-520X 6 63929__28341__7a996c908e384ab1be4bd9567b2c45b1.pdf 63929.VOR.pdf 2023-08-22T11:59:37.0679230 Output 3246083 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2023. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890
spellingShingle	Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890 John Williams Ann John Stephen Roberts
title_short	Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890
title_full	Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890
title_fullStr	Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890
title_full_unstemmed	Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890
title_sort	Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890
author_id_str_mv	911a5c03419acf47eab0844e2cd5ab7f ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 cb60dd928f72fe7ea03595dab995f070
author_id_fullname_str_mv	911a5c03419acf47eab0844e2cd5ab7f_*_John Williams ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55__Ann John cb60dd928f72fe7ea03595dab995f070_**_Stephen Roberts
author	John Williams Ann John Stephen Roberts
author2	Tim Carter John Williams Hance D. Smith Jennifer Protheroe-Jones Ann John Stephen Roberts
format	Journal article
container_title	International Journal of Maritime History
container_volume	35
container_issue	3
container_start_page	431
publishDate	2023
institution	Swansea University
issn	0843-8714 2052-7756
doi_str_mv	10.1177/08438714231181754
publisher	SAGE Publications
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str	Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
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description	There was continuing public and political concern about the loss of life at sea during the second half of the nineteenth century in Britain. New regulatory requirements, introduced to examine the competence of officers, prevent overloading and reduce the risks from hazardous cargoes such as coal, were in place by 1890. However, the effectiveness of these measures was not systematically monitored at the time. This retrospective evaluation reviews subsequent loss of life in the coal trade, the largest sector of British exports by weight. Loss of life remained high; it was more dangerous to export a ton of coal than it was to mine it. Some routes, such as those around Cape Horn and to Scandinavia, carried the highest risk, and losses on European voyages were more common in winter. Over time, the risks reduced as sail gave way to steam and diesel propulsion, and as maritime communications improved.
published_date	2023-08-01T13:59:22Z
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Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890

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