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Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study

Liadh Timmins Orcid Logo, Alexandra Pitman, Michael King, Wei Gao, Katherine Johnson, Peihan Yu, Debbie Braybrook, Anna Roach, Steve Marshall, Elizabeth Day, Ruth Rose, Paul Clift, Kathryn Almack, Deok Hee Yi, Katherine Bristowe, Richard Harding Orcid Logo

Psychological Medicine, Volume: 53, Issue: 9, Pages: 3849 - 3857

Swansea University Author: Liadh Timmins Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1017/s0033291722000496

Abstract

Background: Data suggest poorer bereavement outcomes for lesbian, gay and bisexual people, but this has not been estimated in population-based research. This study compared bereavement outcomes for partners of same-gender and different-gender decedents. Methods: In this population-based, cross-secti...

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Published in: Psychological Medicine
ISSN: 0033-2917 1469-8978
Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2023
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Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional survey of people bereaved of a civil partner or spouse 6–10 months previously, we used adjusted logistic and linear regression to investigate outcomes of interest: (1) positive screen on Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), (2) positive screen on General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), (3) grief intensity (ICG) and (4) psychiatric symptoms (GHQ-12). Results: Among 233 same-gender partners and 329 of different-gender partners, 66.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60.0–72.2] and 59.2% [95% CI (53.9–64.6)] respectively screened positive for complicated grief on the ICG, whilst 76.0% [95% CI (70.5–81.5)] and 69.3% [95% CI (64.3–74.3)] respectively screened positive on the GHQ-12. Same-gender bereaved partners were not significantly more likely to screen positive for complicated grief than different-gender partners [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.56, 95% CI (0.98–2.47)], p = 0.059, but same-gender bereaved partners were significantly more likely to screen for psychiatric caseness [aOR 1.67 (1.02, 2.71) p = 0.043]. We similarly found no significant association of partner gender with grief intensity [B = 1.86, 95% CI (−0.91to 4.63), p = 0.188], but significantly greater psychological distress for same-gender partners [B = 1.54, 95% CI (−0.69–2.40), p &lt; 0.001]. Conclusions: Same-gender bereaved partners report significantly more psychological distress. In view of their poorer sub-clinical mental health, clinical and bereavement services should refine screening processes to identify those at risk of poor mental health outcomes.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Psychological Medicine</journal><volume>53</volume><journalNumber>9</journalNumber><paginationStart>3849</paginationStart><paginationEnd>3857</paginationEnd><publisher>Cambridge University Press (CUP)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0033-2917</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1469-8978</issnElectronic><keywords>Bereavement, sexuality, distress, LGBT, outcomes</keywords><publishedDay>31</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-07-31</publishedDate><doi>10.1017/s0033291722000496</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722000496</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Psychology School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>PSYS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>We are grateful to the Office for National Statistics for their collaboration in sampling. This work contains statistical data from ONS which is Crown Copyright. The use of the ONS statistical data in this work does not imply the endorsement of the ONS in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the statistical data. This work uses research datasets which may not exactly reproduce National Statistics aggregates. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-10-01T15:44:14.7991562</lastEdited><Created>2023-08-30T12:53:49.2211691</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">School of Psychology</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Liadh</firstname><surname>Timmins</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7984-4748</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Alexandra</firstname><surname>Pitman</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>King</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Wei</firstname><surname>Gao</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Katherine</firstname><surname>Johnson</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Peihan</firstname><surname>Yu</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Debbie</firstname><surname>Braybrook</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Anna</firstname><surname>Roach</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Steve</firstname><surname>Marshall</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Elizabeth</firstname><surname>Day</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Ruth</firstname><surname>Rose</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Paul</firstname><surname>Clift</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Kathryn</firstname><surname>Almack</surname><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Deok Hee</firstname><surname>Yi</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Katherine</firstname><surname>Bristowe</surname><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Harding</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9653-8689</orcid><order>16</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>64167__28638__2cf98406bc8045eca504953ac5490cf3.pdf</filename><originalFilename>64167.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-09-26T12:46:48.6436511</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>222693</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© King’s College London, 2022. 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spelling v2 64167 2023-08-30 Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study 7f227f6f0fc0400bae2893d252d2f5ec 0000-0001-7984-4748 Liadh Timmins Liadh Timmins true false 2023-08-30 PSYS Background: Data suggest poorer bereavement outcomes for lesbian, gay and bisexual people, but this has not been estimated in population-based research. This study compared bereavement outcomes for partners of same-gender and different-gender decedents. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional survey of people bereaved of a civil partner or spouse 6–10 months previously, we used adjusted logistic and linear regression to investigate outcomes of interest: (1) positive screen on Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), (2) positive screen on General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), (3) grief intensity (ICG) and (4) psychiatric symptoms (GHQ-12). Results: Among 233 same-gender partners and 329 of different-gender partners, 66.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60.0–72.2] and 59.2% [95% CI (53.9–64.6)] respectively screened positive for complicated grief on the ICG, whilst 76.0% [95% CI (70.5–81.5)] and 69.3% [95% CI (64.3–74.3)] respectively screened positive on the GHQ-12. Same-gender bereaved partners were not significantly more likely to screen positive for complicated grief than different-gender partners [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.56, 95% CI (0.98–2.47)], p = 0.059, but same-gender bereaved partners were significantly more likely to screen for psychiatric caseness [aOR 1.67 (1.02, 2.71) p = 0.043]. We similarly found no significant association of partner gender with grief intensity [B = 1.86, 95% CI (−0.91to 4.63), p = 0.188], but significantly greater psychological distress for same-gender partners [B = 1.54, 95% CI (−0.69–2.40), p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Same-gender bereaved partners report significantly more psychological distress. In view of their poorer sub-clinical mental health, clinical and bereavement services should refine screening processes to identify those at risk of poor mental health outcomes. Journal Article Psychological Medicine 53 9 3849 3857 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 0033-2917 1469-8978 Bereavement, sexuality, distress, LGBT, outcomes 31 7 2023 2023-07-31 10.1017/s0033291722000496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722000496 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee We are grateful to the Office for National Statistics for their collaboration in sampling. This work contains statistical data from ONS which is Crown Copyright. The use of the ONS statistical data in this work does not imply the endorsement of the ONS in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the statistical data. This work uses research datasets which may not exactly reproduce National Statistics aggregates. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. 2024-10-01T15:44:14.7991562 2023-08-30T12:53:49.2211691 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Liadh Timmins 0000-0001-7984-4748 1 Alexandra Pitman 2 Michael King 3 Wei Gao 4 Katherine Johnson 5 Peihan Yu 6 Debbie Braybrook 7 Anna Roach 8 Steve Marshall 9 Elizabeth Day 10 Ruth Rose 11 Paul Clift 12 Kathryn Almack 13 Deok Hee Yi 14 Katherine Bristowe 15 Richard Harding 0000-0001-9653-8689 16 64167__28638__2cf98406bc8045eca504953ac5490cf3.pdf 64167.VOR.pdf 2023-09-26T12:46:48.6436511 Output 222693 application/pdf Version of Record true © King’s College London, 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study
spellingShingle Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study
Liadh Timmins
title_short Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study
title_full Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study
title_sort Does the impact of bereavement vary between same and different gender partnerships? A representative national, cross-sectional study
author_id_str_mv 7f227f6f0fc0400bae2893d252d2f5ec
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7f227f6f0fc0400bae2893d252d2f5ec_***_Liadh Timmins
author Liadh Timmins
author2 Liadh Timmins
Alexandra Pitman
Michael King
Wei Gao
Katherine Johnson
Peihan Yu
Debbie Braybrook
Anna Roach
Steve Marshall
Elizabeth Day
Ruth Rose
Paul Clift
Kathryn Almack
Deok Hee Yi
Katherine Bristowe
Richard Harding
format Journal article
container_title Psychological Medicine
container_volume 53
container_issue 9
container_start_page 3849
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0033-2917
1469-8978
doi_str_mv 10.1017/s0033291722000496
publisher Cambridge University Press (CUP)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722000496
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: Data suggest poorer bereavement outcomes for lesbian, gay and bisexual people, but this has not been estimated in population-based research. This study compared bereavement outcomes for partners of same-gender and different-gender decedents. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional survey of people bereaved of a civil partner or spouse 6–10 months previously, we used adjusted logistic and linear regression to investigate outcomes of interest: (1) positive screen on Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), (2) positive screen on General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), (3) grief intensity (ICG) and (4) psychiatric symptoms (GHQ-12). Results: Among 233 same-gender partners and 329 of different-gender partners, 66.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60.0–72.2] and 59.2% [95% CI (53.9–64.6)] respectively screened positive for complicated grief on the ICG, whilst 76.0% [95% CI (70.5–81.5)] and 69.3% [95% CI (64.3–74.3)] respectively screened positive on the GHQ-12. Same-gender bereaved partners were not significantly more likely to screen positive for complicated grief than different-gender partners [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.56, 95% CI (0.98–2.47)], p = 0.059, but same-gender bereaved partners were significantly more likely to screen for psychiatric caseness [aOR 1.67 (1.02, 2.71) p = 0.043]. We similarly found no significant association of partner gender with grief intensity [B = 1.86, 95% CI (−0.91to 4.63), p = 0.188], but significantly greater psychological distress for same-gender partners [B = 1.54, 95% CI (−0.69–2.40), p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Same-gender bereaved partners report significantly more psychological distress. In view of their poorer sub-clinical mental health, clinical and bereavement services should refine screening processes to identify those at risk of poor mental health outcomes.
published_date 2023-07-31T15:44:13Z
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