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Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material

Geraint L. Sullivan Orcid Logo, Christian Griffiths, Eifion Jewell Orcid Logo, Justin Searle Orcid Logo, Jonathon Elvins

Energies, Volume: 16, Issue: 21, Start page: 7225

Swansea University Authors: Geraint L. Sullivan Orcid Logo, Christian Griffiths, Eifion Jewell Orcid Logo, Justin Searle Orcid Logo, Jonathon Elvins

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/en16217225

Abstract

Recent research into thermochemical storage (TCS) materials has highlighted their promising potential for seasonal building heating, through energy capture and release during dehydration and hydration cycling. A common TCS material used throughout this investigation was calcium chloride (CaCl2)-impr...

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Published in: Energies
ISSN: 1996-1073
Published: MDPI AG 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65056
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A common TCS material used throughout this investigation was calcium chloride (CaCl2)-impregnated vermiculite-based salt in matrix (SIM). This material was assessed for its robustness during charging and discharging cycles to assess its behavior and in terms of energy stability and chemical stability; the results of which showed consistent volumetric energy density and maximum temperature changes over seven cycles. The calcium SIM did, however, show a decline in leachable Ca content, which was presumed to be a result of stabilization within the vermiculite, and chloride concentration showed little change over the course of the study. Real-time visualization using a high-resolution microscope of calcium SIM particles showed a salt phase change and migration of liquid salt into the valleys of the lamella. A novel cobalt chloride (CoCl2) SIM was used to visualize the hydration path across the particle, through distinct color changes depending on hydration state. 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spelling v2 65056 2023-11-21 Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material c3b9c5e1e6357330527c1a63a479b0f3 0000-0002-3370-2768 Geraint L. Sullivan Geraint L. Sullivan true true 84c202c256a2950fbc52314df6ec4914 Christian Griffiths Christian Griffiths true false 13dc152c178d51abfe0634445b0acf07 0000-0002-6894-2251 Eifion Jewell Eifion Jewell true false 0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0 0000-0003-1101-075X Justin Searle Justin Searle true false 8f619d25f6c30f8af32bc634e4775e21 Jonathon Elvins Jonathon Elvins true false 2023-11-21 Recent research into thermochemical storage (TCS) materials has highlighted their promising potential for seasonal building heating, through energy capture and release during dehydration and hydration cycling. A common TCS material used throughout this investigation was calcium chloride (CaCl2)-impregnated vermiculite-based salt in matrix (SIM). This material was assessed for its robustness during charging and discharging cycles to assess its behavior and in terms of energy stability and chemical stability; the results of which showed consistent volumetric energy density and maximum temperature changes over seven cycles. The calcium SIM did, however, show a decline in leachable Ca content, which was presumed to be a result of stabilization within the vermiculite, and chloride concentration showed little change over the course of the study. Real-time visualization using a high-resolution microscope of calcium SIM particles showed a salt phase change and migration of liquid salt into the valleys of the lamella. A novel cobalt chloride (CoCl2) SIM was used to visualize the hydration path across the particle, through distinct color changes depending on hydration state. The results indicated that the topography of the vermiculite played a significant role in the passive hydration modeling. Journal Article Energies 16 21 7225 MDPI AG 1996-1073 Thermochemical storage, calcium chloride, vermiculite, stability, charge and discharge cycling 24 10 2023 2023-10-24 10.3390/en16217225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16217225 COLLEGE NANME Swansea University Medical School COLLEGE CODE Swansea University This research was funded by FLEXIS project (reference 80835), and was part-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Welsh Government. 2023-12-13T13:30:14.5353074 2023-11-21T10:45:50.6998596 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Geraint L. Sullivan 0000-0002-3370-2768 1 Christian Griffiths 2 Eifion Jewell 0000-0002-6894-2251 3 Justin Searle 0000-0003-1101-075X 4 Jonathon Elvins 5 65056__29067__2e5f01a12690472490e70e804c51720a.pdf 65056.pdf 2023-11-21T10:47:53.2558658 Output 2751922 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material
spellingShingle Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material
Geraint L. Sullivan
Christian Griffiths
Eifion Jewell
Justin Searle
Jonathon Elvins
title_short Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material
title_full Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material
title_fullStr Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material
title_full_unstemmed Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material
title_sort Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material
author_id_str_mv c3b9c5e1e6357330527c1a63a479b0f3
84c202c256a2950fbc52314df6ec4914
13dc152c178d51abfe0634445b0acf07
0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0
8f619d25f6c30f8af32bc634e4775e21
author_id_fullname_str_mv c3b9c5e1e6357330527c1a63a479b0f3_***_Geraint L. Sullivan
84c202c256a2950fbc52314df6ec4914_***_Christian Griffiths
13dc152c178d51abfe0634445b0acf07_***_Eifion Jewell
0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0_***_Justin Searle
8f619d25f6c30f8af32bc634e4775e21_***_Jonathon Elvins
author Geraint L. Sullivan
Christian Griffiths
Eifion Jewell
Justin Searle
Jonathon Elvins
author2 Geraint L. Sullivan
Christian Griffiths
Eifion Jewell
Justin Searle
Jonathon Elvins
format Journal article
container_title Energies
container_volume 16
container_issue 21
container_start_page 7225
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 1996-1073
doi_str_mv 10.3390/en16217225
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
url http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16217225
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Recent research into thermochemical storage (TCS) materials has highlighted their promising potential for seasonal building heating, through energy capture and release during dehydration and hydration cycling. A common TCS material used throughout this investigation was calcium chloride (CaCl2)-impregnated vermiculite-based salt in matrix (SIM). This material was assessed for its robustness during charging and discharging cycles to assess its behavior and in terms of energy stability and chemical stability; the results of which showed consistent volumetric energy density and maximum temperature changes over seven cycles. The calcium SIM did, however, show a decline in leachable Ca content, which was presumed to be a result of stabilization within the vermiculite, and chloride concentration showed little change over the course of the study. Real-time visualization using a high-resolution microscope of calcium SIM particles showed a salt phase change and migration of liquid salt into the valleys of the lamella. A novel cobalt chloride (CoCl2) SIM was used to visualize the hydration path across the particle, through distinct color changes depending on hydration state. The results indicated that the topography of the vermiculite played a significant role in the passive hydration modeling.
published_date 2023-10-24T13:30:15Z
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score 11.012678

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