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Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom / DANIEL PHILLIPS

Swansea University Author: DANIEL PHILLIPS

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.66245

Abstract

Campylobacter spp. are responsible for more cases of gastroenteritis than any other bacteria in humans. Up to 80% of cases originate from poultry. Infections in both chickens and humans follow a seasonal pattern, with an increase in incidence during warmer months. This study aims to determine which...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2024
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Sheldon, I M. ; Wilkinson, T W. ; Williams, L K. ; Rose, K A. R. ; Warner, K.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66245
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first_indexed 2024-05-02T15:02:08Z
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spelling v2 66245 2024-05-02 Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom 7896f649285cee433ea47fc422f575c9 DANIEL PHILLIPS DANIEL PHILLIPS true false 2024-05-02 Campylobacter spp. are responsible for more cases of gastroenteritis than any other bacteria in humans. Up to 80% of cases originate from poultry. Infections in both chickens and humans follow a seasonal pattern, with an increase in incidence during warmer months. This study aims to determine which causal factors are associated with the seasonal onset of Campylobacter infection in housed chickens. Eleven farms around Herefordshire, UK, were assessed daily for Campylobacter spp. presence by quantitative PCR on swabs taken inside one chicken house per farm. Weather, farm performance indicators and background information about each farm were recorded and used in statistical models to determine the strength of association between parameters and Campylobacter presence. Increased detections of Campylobacter were associated with wooden house construction, and how well temperature and humidity were managed within the house. A subset of four farms was observed for a further seven production cycles, with the same sampling regime as before, along with paired daily swabs of the external farm environment. At slaughter, sections of ilea were collected, tested for Campylobacter presence by PCR and for gut damage using histopathology, and caecal contents were collected for community 16S rRNA gene analysis. Damage to ileal villi was observed primarily in summer months. The diversity of caecal bacteria increased with Campylobacter infection and during summer months. Campylobacter infection of chickens was found to be unlikely to originate from the farmyard environment. Changes to the chicken gut were identified as varying with season, in similar patterns as observed under Campylobacter infection. This study identifies risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection that will guide how future chicken farms may be constructed to improve control of Campylobacter contamination risk factors, and proposes interaction between chicken gut microbiota and the environment inside the chicken house as being a potential explanation of Campylobacter seasonality. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Campylobacter, broiler, chicken meat, seasonal variation, prevalence, qPCR, poultry farm, biosecurity. 21 2 2024 2024-02-21 10.23889/SUthesis.66245 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Sheldon, I M. ; Wilkinson, T W. ; Williams, L K. ; Rose, K A. R. ; Warner, K. Doctoral Ph.D Avara Foods Ltd. Avara Foods Ltd. 2024-05-02T16:28:31.0101718 2024-05-02T15:57:39.4447865 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science DANIEL PHILLIPS 1 66245__30246__1ccba404295f4412873f446711cca06f.pdf Phillips_Daniel_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2024-05-02T16:08:35.0101492 Output 2526728 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Daniel Phillips, 2024. true eng
title Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom
spellingShingle Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom
DANIEL PHILLIPS
title_short Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom
title_full Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom
title_fullStr Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom
title_sort Understanding the Seasonality of Campylobacter Infection among Commercial Broiler Chickens in the United Kingdom
author_id_str_mv 7896f649285cee433ea47fc422f575c9
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7896f649285cee433ea47fc422f575c9_***_DANIEL PHILLIPS
author DANIEL PHILLIPS
author2 DANIEL PHILLIPS
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publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.66245
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 1
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description Campylobacter spp. are responsible for more cases of gastroenteritis than any other bacteria in humans. Up to 80% of cases originate from poultry. Infections in both chickens and humans follow a seasonal pattern, with an increase in incidence during warmer months. This study aims to determine which causal factors are associated with the seasonal onset of Campylobacter infection in housed chickens. Eleven farms around Herefordshire, UK, were assessed daily for Campylobacter spp. presence by quantitative PCR on swabs taken inside one chicken house per farm. Weather, farm performance indicators and background information about each farm were recorded and used in statistical models to determine the strength of association between parameters and Campylobacter presence. Increased detections of Campylobacter were associated with wooden house construction, and how well temperature and humidity were managed within the house. A subset of four farms was observed for a further seven production cycles, with the same sampling regime as before, along with paired daily swabs of the external farm environment. At slaughter, sections of ilea were collected, tested for Campylobacter presence by PCR and for gut damage using histopathology, and caecal contents were collected for community 16S rRNA gene analysis. Damage to ileal villi was observed primarily in summer months. The diversity of caecal bacteria increased with Campylobacter infection and during summer months. Campylobacter infection of chickens was found to be unlikely to originate from the farmyard environment. Changes to the chicken gut were identified as varying with season, in similar patterns as observed under Campylobacter infection. This study identifies risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection that will guide how future chicken farms may be constructed to improve control of Campylobacter contamination risk factors, and proposes interaction between chicken gut microbiota and the environment inside the chicken house as being a potential explanation of Campylobacter seasonality.
published_date 2024-02-21T16:28:30Z
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