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Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume: 459, Start page: 142446
Swansea University Author:
Yue Hou
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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142446
Abstract
Integrating the wireless power transfer (WPT) system into the pavement is an effective way to solve the inconvenience of electric vehicles (EVs)’ charging, accelerating the growth of ownership of EVs to achieve net carbon zero in transportation. However, the existence of a cement paving layer betwee...
Published in: | Journal of Cleaner Production |
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ISSN: | 0959-6526 |
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Elsevier BV
2024
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However, the existence of a cement paving layer between coils was a negative impact factor. Here, two types of ferrite powders were separately mixed into the cement to prepare soft magnetic composite (SMC) material to enhance the coupling degree of coils. The magnetic and mechanical performance of the composite were tested by a vibrating sample magnetometer and compressive and flexural strength tester. Furthermore, to explore the optimal layout of the magnetized pavement structure, nine pavement layouts were designed based on the distribution of magnetic flux. Finally, the effect of SMC material on improving the charging performance was verified by WPT system test platform. Results showed that the Ni-Zn ferrite powder exhibited superior magnetic permeability due to its stronger magnetic moments and lower magnetic domain wall energy compared to Mn-Zn ferrite powder. The peak relative permeability of SMC materials reached 14.370 with an equal mass ratio of Ni-Zn ferrite powder to cement. Conversely, optimal strength was attained with a Mn-Zn ferrite to cement ratio of 0.2, resulting in a compressive strength of 36 MPa and a flexural strength of 4.0 MPa. Strategically placing SMC within the pavement, both in the core's interior and exterior to the coil, enhanced the coupling coefficient of coils, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the WPT system. The incorporation of Ni-Zn ferrite powder in a 1:1 mass ratio to cement materialized the highest efficiency. Nonetheless, considering the mechanical performance, the SMC material with a 0.6 mass ratio of Mn-Zn ferrite powder to cement was recommended for magnetized pavements. The WPT system test results showed a transmission efficiency of 89.78% when utilizing magnetized pavement, surpassing the efficiency with the whole pavement material by 1.36%, which indicated great value and potential in energy conservation and carbon reduction of employing magnetized pavement in WPT technology.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Cleaner Production</journal><volume>459</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>142446</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0959-6526</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Magnetized pavement, Cement, Soft magnetic composites material, Wireless power transfer, Efficiency</keywords><publishedDay>25</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-06-25</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142446</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>ACEM</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 52278424]; the Innovation Program for Automobile Environmental Protection by FAW-Volkswagen & China Environmental Protection Foundation; the Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University; and Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology [YESS20230576].</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-06-17T16:13:10.8187205</lastEdited><Created>2024-05-14T11:15:08.3713137</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Yanjie</firstname><surname>Li</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Feng</firstname><surname>Li</surname><orcid>0000-0002-1448-6430</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Siqi</firstname><surname>Zhou</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2453-2859</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Xiaolei</firstname><surname>Ma</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Yue</firstname><surname>Hou</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4334-2620</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>66412__30353__b8992f7734ad4821a94906fe202eb474.pdf</filename><originalFilename>66412.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-05-14T11:18:28.3189307</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1736241</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Author accepted manuscript document released under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY licence using the Swansea University Research Publications Policy (rights retention).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807> |
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v2 66412 2024-05-14 Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer 92bf566c65343cb3ee04ad963eacf31b 0000-0002-4334-2620 Yue Hou Yue Hou true false 2024-05-14 ACEM Integrating the wireless power transfer (WPT) system into the pavement is an effective way to solve the inconvenience of electric vehicles (EVs)’ charging, accelerating the growth of ownership of EVs to achieve net carbon zero in transportation. However, the existence of a cement paving layer between coils was a negative impact factor. Here, two types of ferrite powders were separately mixed into the cement to prepare soft magnetic composite (SMC) material to enhance the coupling degree of coils. The magnetic and mechanical performance of the composite were tested by a vibrating sample magnetometer and compressive and flexural strength tester. Furthermore, to explore the optimal layout of the magnetized pavement structure, nine pavement layouts were designed based on the distribution of magnetic flux. Finally, the effect of SMC material on improving the charging performance was verified by WPT system test platform. Results showed that the Ni-Zn ferrite powder exhibited superior magnetic permeability due to its stronger magnetic moments and lower magnetic domain wall energy compared to Mn-Zn ferrite powder. The peak relative permeability of SMC materials reached 14.370 with an equal mass ratio of Ni-Zn ferrite powder to cement. Conversely, optimal strength was attained with a Mn-Zn ferrite to cement ratio of 0.2, resulting in a compressive strength of 36 MPa and a flexural strength of 4.0 MPa. Strategically placing SMC within the pavement, both in the core's interior and exterior to the coil, enhanced the coupling coefficient of coils, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the WPT system. The incorporation of Ni-Zn ferrite powder in a 1:1 mass ratio to cement materialized the highest efficiency. Nonetheless, considering the mechanical performance, the SMC material with a 0.6 mass ratio of Mn-Zn ferrite powder to cement was recommended for magnetized pavements. The WPT system test results showed a transmission efficiency of 89.78% when utilizing magnetized pavement, surpassing the efficiency with the whole pavement material by 1.36%, which indicated great value and potential in energy conservation and carbon reduction of employing magnetized pavement in WPT technology. Journal Article Journal of Cleaner Production 459 142446 Elsevier BV 0959-6526 Magnetized pavement, Cement, Soft magnetic composites material, Wireless power transfer, Efficiency 25 6 2024 2024-06-25 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142446 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 52278424]; the Innovation Program for Automobile Environmental Protection by FAW-Volkswagen & China Environmental Protection Foundation; the Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University; and Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology [YESS20230576]. 2024-06-17T16:13:10.8187205 2024-05-14T11:15:08.3713137 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering Yanjie Li 1 Feng Li 0000-0002-1448-6430 2 Siqi Zhou 0000-0002-2453-2859 3 Xiaolei Ma 4 Yue Hou 0000-0002-4334-2620 5 66412__30353__b8992f7734ad4821a94906fe202eb474.pdf 66412.pdf 2024-05-14T11:18:28.3189307 Output 1736241 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true Author accepted manuscript document released under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY licence using the Swansea University Research Publications Policy (rights retention). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en |
title |
Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer |
spellingShingle |
Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer Yue Hou |
title_short |
Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer |
title_full |
Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer |
title_fullStr |
Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer |
title_sort |
Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer |
author_id_str_mv |
92bf566c65343cb3ee04ad963eacf31b |
author_id_fullname_str_mv |
92bf566c65343cb3ee04ad963eacf31b_***_Yue Hou |
author |
Yue Hou |
author2 |
Yanjie Li Feng Li Siqi Zhou Xiaolei Ma Yue Hou |
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Journal of Cleaner Production |
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459 |
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142446 |
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2024 |
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0959-6526 |
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10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142446 |
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Elsevier BV |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering |
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description |
Integrating the wireless power transfer (WPT) system into the pavement is an effective way to solve the inconvenience of electric vehicles (EVs)’ charging, accelerating the growth of ownership of EVs to achieve net carbon zero in transportation. However, the existence of a cement paving layer between coils was a negative impact factor. Here, two types of ferrite powders were separately mixed into the cement to prepare soft magnetic composite (SMC) material to enhance the coupling degree of coils. The magnetic and mechanical performance of the composite were tested by a vibrating sample magnetometer and compressive and flexural strength tester. Furthermore, to explore the optimal layout of the magnetized pavement structure, nine pavement layouts were designed based on the distribution of magnetic flux. Finally, the effect of SMC material on improving the charging performance was verified by WPT system test platform. Results showed that the Ni-Zn ferrite powder exhibited superior magnetic permeability due to its stronger magnetic moments and lower magnetic domain wall energy compared to Mn-Zn ferrite powder. The peak relative permeability of SMC materials reached 14.370 with an equal mass ratio of Ni-Zn ferrite powder to cement. Conversely, optimal strength was attained with a Mn-Zn ferrite to cement ratio of 0.2, resulting in a compressive strength of 36 MPa and a flexural strength of 4.0 MPa. Strategically placing SMC within the pavement, both in the core's interior and exterior to the coil, enhanced the coupling coefficient of coils, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the WPT system. The incorporation of Ni-Zn ferrite powder in a 1:1 mass ratio to cement materialized the highest efficiency. Nonetheless, considering the mechanical performance, the SMC material with a 0.6 mass ratio of Mn-Zn ferrite powder to cement was recommended for magnetized pavements. The WPT system test results showed a transmission efficiency of 89.78% when utilizing magnetized pavement, surpassing the efficiency with the whole pavement material by 1.36%, which indicated great value and potential in energy conservation and carbon reduction of employing magnetized pavement in WPT technology. |
published_date |
2024-06-25T16:13:09Z |
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1802121709343473664 |
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11.021648 |