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Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer

Yanjie Li, Feng Li Orcid Logo, Siqi Zhou Orcid Logo, Xiaolei Ma, Yue Hou Orcid Logo

Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume: 459, Start page: 142446

Swansea University Author: Yue Hou Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142446

Abstract

Integrating the wireless power transfer (WPT) system into the pavement is an effective way to solve the inconvenience of electric vehicles (EVs)’ charging, accelerating the growth of ownership of EVs to achieve net carbon zero in transportation. However, the existence of a cement paving layer betwee...

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Published in: Journal of Cleaner Production
ISSN: 0959-6526
Published: Elsevier BV 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66412
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However, the existence of a cement paving layer between coils was a negative impact factor. Here, two types of ferrite powders were separately mixed into the cement to prepare soft magnetic composite (SMC) material to enhance the coupling degree of coils. The magnetic and mechanical performance of the composite were tested by a vibrating sample magnetometer and compressive and flexural strength tester. Furthermore, to explore the optimal layout of the magnetized pavement structure, nine pavement layouts were designed based on the distribution of magnetic flux. Finally, the effect of SMC material on improving the charging performance was verified by WPT system test platform. Results showed that the Ni-Zn ferrite powder exhibited superior magnetic permeability due to its stronger magnetic moments and lower magnetic domain wall energy compared to Mn-Zn ferrite powder. The peak relative permeability of SMC materials reached 14.370 with an equal mass ratio of Ni-Zn ferrite powder to cement. Conversely, optimal strength was attained with a Mn-Zn ferrite to cement ratio of 0.2, resulting in a compressive strength of 36 MPa and a flexural strength of 4.0 MPa. Strategically placing SMC within the pavement, both in the core's interior and exterior to the coil, enhanced the coupling coefficient of coils, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the WPT system. The incorporation of Ni-Zn ferrite powder in a 1:1 mass ratio to cement materialized the highest efficiency. Nonetheless, considering the mechanical performance, the SMC material with a 0.6 mass ratio of Mn-Zn ferrite powder to cement was recommended for magnetized pavements. 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spelling v2 66412 2024-05-14 Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer 92bf566c65343cb3ee04ad963eacf31b 0000-0002-4334-2620 Yue Hou Yue Hou true false 2024-05-14 ACEM Integrating the wireless power transfer (WPT) system into the pavement is an effective way to solve the inconvenience of electric vehicles (EVs)’ charging, accelerating the growth of ownership of EVs to achieve net carbon zero in transportation. However, the existence of a cement paving layer between coils was a negative impact factor. Here, two types of ferrite powders were separately mixed into the cement to prepare soft magnetic composite (SMC) material to enhance the coupling degree of coils. The magnetic and mechanical performance of the composite were tested by a vibrating sample magnetometer and compressive and flexural strength tester. Furthermore, to explore the optimal layout of the magnetized pavement structure, nine pavement layouts were designed based on the distribution of magnetic flux. Finally, the effect of SMC material on improving the charging performance was verified by WPT system test platform. Results showed that the Ni-Zn ferrite powder exhibited superior magnetic permeability due to its stronger magnetic moments and lower magnetic domain wall energy compared to Mn-Zn ferrite powder. The peak relative permeability of SMC materials reached 14.370 with an equal mass ratio of Ni-Zn ferrite powder to cement. Conversely, optimal strength was attained with a Mn-Zn ferrite to cement ratio of 0.2, resulting in a compressive strength of 36 MPa and a flexural strength of 4.0 MPa. Strategically placing SMC within the pavement, both in the core's interior and exterior to the coil, enhanced the coupling coefficient of coils, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the WPT system. The incorporation of Ni-Zn ferrite powder in a 1:1 mass ratio to cement materialized the highest efficiency. Nonetheless, considering the mechanical performance, the SMC material with a 0.6 mass ratio of Mn-Zn ferrite powder to cement was recommended for magnetized pavements. The WPT system test results showed a transmission efficiency of 89.78% when utilizing magnetized pavement, surpassing the efficiency with the whole pavement material by 1.36%, which indicated great value and potential in energy conservation and carbon reduction of employing magnetized pavement in WPT technology. Journal Article Journal of Cleaner Production 459 142446 Elsevier BV 0959-6526 Magnetized pavement, Cement, Soft magnetic composites material, Wireless power transfer, Efficiency 25 6 2024 2024-06-25 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142446 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 52278424]; the Innovation Program for Automobile Environmental Protection by FAW-Volkswagen & China Environmental Protection Foundation; the Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University; and Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology [YESS20230576]. 2024-06-17T16:13:10.8187205 2024-05-14T11:15:08.3713137 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering Yanjie Li 1 Feng Li 0000-0002-1448-6430 2 Siqi Zhou 0000-0002-2453-2859 3 Xiaolei Ma 4 Yue Hou 0000-0002-4334-2620 5 66412__30353__b8992f7734ad4821a94906fe202eb474.pdf 66412.pdf 2024-05-14T11:18:28.3189307 Output 1736241 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true Author accepted manuscript document released under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY licence using the Swansea University Research Publications Policy (rights retention). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
title Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
spellingShingle Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
Yue Hou
title_short Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
title_full Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
title_fullStr Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
title_full_unstemmed Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
title_sort Development of soft magnetic composites for magnetized pavement to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle's wireless power transfer
author_id_str_mv 92bf566c65343cb3ee04ad963eacf31b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 92bf566c65343cb3ee04ad963eacf31b_***_Yue Hou
author Yue Hou
author2 Yanjie Li
Feng Li
Siqi Zhou
Xiaolei Ma
Yue Hou
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Cleaner Production
container_volume 459
container_start_page 142446
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 0959-6526
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142446
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Integrating the wireless power transfer (WPT) system into the pavement is an effective way to solve the inconvenience of electric vehicles (EVs)’ charging, accelerating the growth of ownership of EVs to achieve net carbon zero in transportation. However, the existence of a cement paving layer between coils was a negative impact factor. Here, two types of ferrite powders were separately mixed into the cement to prepare soft magnetic composite (SMC) material to enhance the coupling degree of coils. The magnetic and mechanical performance of the composite were tested by a vibrating sample magnetometer and compressive and flexural strength tester. Furthermore, to explore the optimal layout of the magnetized pavement structure, nine pavement layouts were designed based on the distribution of magnetic flux. Finally, the effect of SMC material on improving the charging performance was verified by WPT system test platform. Results showed that the Ni-Zn ferrite powder exhibited superior magnetic permeability due to its stronger magnetic moments and lower magnetic domain wall energy compared to Mn-Zn ferrite powder. The peak relative permeability of SMC materials reached 14.370 with an equal mass ratio of Ni-Zn ferrite powder to cement. Conversely, optimal strength was attained with a Mn-Zn ferrite to cement ratio of 0.2, resulting in a compressive strength of 36 MPa and a flexural strength of 4.0 MPa. Strategically placing SMC within the pavement, both in the core's interior and exterior to the coil, enhanced the coupling coefficient of coils, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the WPT system. The incorporation of Ni-Zn ferrite powder in a 1:1 mass ratio to cement materialized the highest efficiency. Nonetheless, considering the mechanical performance, the SMC material with a 0.6 mass ratio of Mn-Zn ferrite powder to cement was recommended for magnetized pavements. The WPT system test results showed a transmission efficiency of 89.78% when utilizing magnetized pavement, surpassing the efficiency with the whole pavement material by 1.36%, which indicated great value and potential in energy conservation and carbon reduction of employing magnetized pavement in WPT technology.
published_date 2024-06-25T16:13:09Z
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score 11.036706

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