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Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery

Ky-Leigh Ang Orcid Logo, Matt Jovic, Ian Malin, Stephen Ali, Sairan Whitaker, Iain Whitaker

BJS Open, Volume: 8, Issue: 5

Swansea University Authors: Matt Jovic, Stephen Ali, Iain Whitaker

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DOI (Published version): 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae084

Abstract

Background: Climate change poses a significant global health threat and healthcare, including surgery, contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts have been made to promote sustainability in surgery, but the literature on sustainability in plastic surgery remains limited.Methods: A life-cycle a...

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Published in: BJS Open
ISSN: 2474-9842
Published: Oxford University Press (OUP) 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67014
first_indexed 2024-09-02T14:16:27Z
last_indexed 2024-11-25T14:19:22Z
id cronfa67014
recordtype SURis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2024-11-22T10:28:48.3296126</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>67014</id><entry>2024-07-09</entry><title>Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>c7bbcd83338d226f4c6157a682694a6d</sid><firstname>Matt</firstname><surname>Jovic</surname><name>Matt Jovic</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>8c210736c07c6aa2514e0f6b3cfd9764</sid><firstname>Stephen</firstname><surname>Ali</surname><name>Stephen Ali</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>830074c59291938a55b480dcbee4697e</sid><ORCID/><firstname>Iain</firstname><surname>Whitaker</surname><name>Iain Whitaker</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2024-07-09</date><deptcode>MEDS</deptcode><abstract>Background: Climate change poses a significant global health threat and healthcare, including surgery, contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts have been made to promote sustainability in surgery, but the literature on sustainability in plastic surgery remains limited.Methods: A life-cycle analysis was used to assess and quantify the environmental emissions associated with three distinct reconstructive methods utilized in non-melanoma skin cancer surgery: direct closure, split-thickness skin graft, and full-thickness skin graft. Analyses were conducted in March 2023 in Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK. The carbon footprints for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery in England and Wales were then estimated.Results: The mean carbon emissions for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery ranged from 29.82 to 34.31 kgCO&#x2082;eq. Theatre energy consumption (4.29&#x2013;8.76 kgCO&#x2082;eq) and consumables (16.87 kgCO&#x2082;eq) were significant contributors. Waste produced during non-melanoma skin cancer surgery accounted for 1.31 kgCO&#x2082;eq and sterilization of reusable surgical instruments resulted in 1.92 kgCO&#x2082;eq of carbon emissions. Meanwhile, transportation, dressings, pharmaceuticals, and laundry accounted for 0.57, 2.65, 1.85, and 0.38 kgCO&#x2082;eq respectively. The excision of non-melanoma skin cancer with direct closure (19.29&#x2013;22.41 kgCO&#x2082;eq) resulted in the lowest carbon emissions compared with excision with split-thickness skin graft (43.80&#x2013;49.06 kgCO&#x2082;eq) and full-thickness skin graft (31.58&#x2013;37.02 kgCO&#x2082;eq). In 2021, it was estimated that non-melanoma skin cancer surgery had an annual carbon footprint of 306 775 kgCO&#x2082;eq in Wales and 4 402 650 kgCO&#x2082;eq in England. It was possible to predict that, by 2035, carbon emissions from non-melanoma skin cancer surgery will account for 388 927 kgCO&#x2082;eq in Wales and 5 419 770 kgCO&#x2082;eq in England.Conclusion: This study highlights the environmental impact of non-melanoma skin cancer in plastic surgery departments and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices. Collaboration between surgeons and policymakers is essential and further data collection is recommended for better analysis.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>BJS Open</journal><volume>8</volume><journalNumber>5</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2474-9842</issnElectronic><keywords>Plastic surgery, carbon, melanoma, skin transplantation, surgical procedures, operative, country of Wales, skin cancer, split thickness skin graft, excision,</keywords><publishedDay>17</publishedDay><publishedMonth>10</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-10-17</publishedDate><doi>10.1093/bjsopen/zrae084</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>Swansea University</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-11-22T10:28:48.3296126</lastEdited><Created>2024-07-09T12:18:27.0510631</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Ky-Leigh</firstname><surname>Ang</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3494-3026</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Matt</firstname><surname>Jovic</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Ian</firstname><surname>Malin</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Stephen</firstname><surname>Ali</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Sairan</firstname><surname>Whitaker</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Iain</firstname><surname>Whitaker</surname><orcid/><order>6</order></author></authors><documents/><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2024-11-22T10:28:48.3296126 v2 67014 2024-07-09 Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery c7bbcd83338d226f4c6157a682694a6d Matt Jovic Matt Jovic true false 8c210736c07c6aa2514e0f6b3cfd9764 Stephen Ali Stephen Ali true false 830074c59291938a55b480dcbee4697e Iain Whitaker Iain Whitaker true false 2024-07-09 MEDS Background: Climate change poses a significant global health threat and healthcare, including surgery, contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts have been made to promote sustainability in surgery, but the literature on sustainability in plastic surgery remains limited.Methods: A life-cycle analysis was used to assess and quantify the environmental emissions associated with three distinct reconstructive methods utilized in non-melanoma skin cancer surgery: direct closure, split-thickness skin graft, and full-thickness skin graft. Analyses were conducted in March 2023 in Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK. The carbon footprints for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery in England and Wales were then estimated.Results: The mean carbon emissions for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery ranged from 29.82 to 34.31 kgCO₂eq. Theatre energy consumption (4.29–8.76 kgCO₂eq) and consumables (16.87 kgCO₂eq) were significant contributors. Waste produced during non-melanoma skin cancer surgery accounted for 1.31 kgCO₂eq and sterilization of reusable surgical instruments resulted in 1.92 kgCO₂eq of carbon emissions. Meanwhile, transportation, dressings, pharmaceuticals, and laundry accounted for 0.57, 2.65, 1.85, and 0.38 kgCO₂eq respectively. The excision of non-melanoma skin cancer with direct closure (19.29–22.41 kgCO₂eq) resulted in the lowest carbon emissions compared with excision with split-thickness skin graft (43.80–49.06 kgCO₂eq) and full-thickness skin graft (31.58–37.02 kgCO₂eq). In 2021, it was estimated that non-melanoma skin cancer surgery had an annual carbon footprint of 306 775 kgCO₂eq in Wales and 4 402 650 kgCO₂eq in England. It was possible to predict that, by 2035, carbon emissions from non-melanoma skin cancer surgery will account for 388 927 kgCO₂eq in Wales and 5 419 770 kgCO₂eq in England.Conclusion: This study highlights the environmental impact of non-melanoma skin cancer in plastic surgery departments and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices. Collaboration between surgeons and policymakers is essential and further data collection is recommended for better analysis. Journal Article BJS Open 8 5 Oxford University Press (OUP) 2474-9842 Plastic surgery, carbon, melanoma, skin transplantation, surgical procedures, operative, country of Wales, skin cancer, split thickness skin graft, excision, 17 10 2024 2024-10-17 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae084 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University 2024-11-22T10:28:48.3296126 2024-07-09T12:18:27.0510631 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science Ky-Leigh Ang 0000-0003-3494-3026 1 Matt Jovic 2 Ian Malin 3 Stephen Ali 4 Sairan Whitaker 5 Iain Whitaker 6
title Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery
spellingShingle Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery
Matt Jovic
Stephen Ali
Iain Whitaker
title_short Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery
title_full Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery
title_fullStr Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery
title_full_unstemmed Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery
title_sort Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery
author_id_str_mv c7bbcd83338d226f4c6157a682694a6d
8c210736c07c6aa2514e0f6b3cfd9764
830074c59291938a55b480dcbee4697e
author_id_fullname_str_mv c7bbcd83338d226f4c6157a682694a6d_***_Matt Jovic
8c210736c07c6aa2514e0f6b3cfd9764_***_Stephen Ali
830074c59291938a55b480dcbee4697e_***_Iain Whitaker
author Matt Jovic
Stephen Ali
Iain Whitaker
author2 Ky-Leigh Ang
Matt Jovic
Ian Malin
Stephen Ali
Sairan Whitaker
Iain Whitaker
format Journal article
container_title BJS Open
container_volume 8
container_issue 5
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2474-9842
doi_str_mv 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae084
publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Background: Climate change poses a significant global health threat and healthcare, including surgery, contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts have been made to promote sustainability in surgery, but the literature on sustainability in plastic surgery remains limited.Methods: A life-cycle analysis was used to assess and quantify the environmental emissions associated with three distinct reconstructive methods utilized in non-melanoma skin cancer surgery: direct closure, split-thickness skin graft, and full-thickness skin graft. Analyses were conducted in March 2023 in Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK. The carbon footprints for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery in England and Wales were then estimated.Results: The mean carbon emissions for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery ranged from 29.82 to 34.31 kgCO₂eq. Theatre energy consumption (4.29–8.76 kgCO₂eq) and consumables (16.87 kgCO₂eq) were significant contributors. Waste produced during non-melanoma skin cancer surgery accounted for 1.31 kgCO₂eq and sterilization of reusable surgical instruments resulted in 1.92 kgCO₂eq of carbon emissions. Meanwhile, transportation, dressings, pharmaceuticals, and laundry accounted for 0.57, 2.65, 1.85, and 0.38 kgCO₂eq respectively. The excision of non-melanoma skin cancer with direct closure (19.29–22.41 kgCO₂eq) resulted in the lowest carbon emissions compared with excision with split-thickness skin graft (43.80–49.06 kgCO₂eq) and full-thickness skin graft (31.58–37.02 kgCO₂eq). In 2021, it was estimated that non-melanoma skin cancer surgery had an annual carbon footprint of 306 775 kgCO₂eq in Wales and 4 402 650 kgCO₂eq in England. It was possible to predict that, by 2035, carbon emissions from non-melanoma skin cancer surgery will account for 388 927 kgCO₂eq in Wales and 5 419 770 kgCO₂eq in England.Conclusion: This study highlights the environmental impact of non-melanoma skin cancer in plastic surgery departments and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices. Collaboration between surgeons and policymakers is essential and further data collection is recommended for better analysis.
published_date 2024-10-17T08:36:43Z
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score 11.048085

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