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The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic
Catalina Pimiento 
,
Kristína Kocáková ,
Gregor H. Mathes ,
Thodoris Argyriou ,
Edwin-Alberto Cadena ,
JACK COOPER,
Dirley Cortés ,
Daniel J. Field ,
Christian Klug ,
Torsten M. Scheyer ,
Ana M. Valenzuela-Toro ,
Timon Buess,
Meike Günter,
Amanda M. Gardiner ,
Pascale Hatt ,
Geraldine Holdener,
Giulia Jacober,
Sabrina Kobelt,
Sheldon Masseraz,
Ian Mehli,
Sarah Reiff,
Eva Rigendinger,
Mimo Ruckstuhl,
Santana Schneider,
Clarissa Seige,
Nathalie Senn,
Valeria Staccoli,
Jessica Baumann,
Livio Flüeler,
Lino J. Guevara,
Esin Ickin,
Kimberley C. Kissling,
Janis Rogenmoser,
Dominik Spitznagel,
Jaime A. Villafaña ,
Chiara Zanatta
,
Kristína Kocáková ,
Gregor H. Mathes ,
Thodoris Argyriou ,
Edwin-Alberto Cadena ,
JACK COOPER,
Dirley Cortés ,
Daniel J. Field ,
Christian Klug ,
Torsten M. Scheyer ,
Ana M. Valenzuela-Toro ,
Timon Buess,
Meike Günter,
Amanda M. Gardiner ,
Pascale Hatt ,
Geraldine Holdener,
Giulia Jacober,
Sabrina Kobelt,
Sheldon Masseraz,
Ian Mehli,
Sarah Reiff,
Eva Rigendinger,
Mimo Ruckstuhl,
Santana Schneider,
Clarissa Seige,
Nathalie Senn,
Valeria Staccoli,
Jessica Baumann,
Livio Flüeler,
Lino J. Guevara,
Esin Ickin,
Kimberley C. Kissling,
Janis Rogenmoser,
Dominik Spitznagel,
Jaime A. Villafaña ,
Chiara Zanatta
Cambridge Prisms: Extinction, Volume: 2
Swansea University Authors:
Catalina Pimiento , JACK COOPER
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DOI (Published version): 10.1017/ext.2024.12
Abstract
The modern marine megafauna is known to play important ecological roles and includes many charismatic species that have drawn the attention of both the scientific community and the public. However, the extinct marine megafauna has never been assessed as a whole, nor has it been defined in deep time....
| Published in: | Cambridge Prisms: Extinction |
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| ISSN: | 2755-0958 |
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
2024
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However, the extinct marine megafauna has never been assessed as a whole, nor has it been defined in deep time. Here, we review the literature to define and list the species that constitute the extinct marine megafauna, and to explore biological and ecological patterns throughout the Phanerozoic. We propose a size cut-off of 1 m of length to define the extinct marine megafauna. Based on this definition, we list 706 taxa belonging to eight main groups. We found that the extinct marine megafauna was conspicuous over the Phanerozoic and ubiquitous across all geological eras and periods, with the Mesozoic, especially the Cretaceous, having the greatest number of taxa. Marine reptiles include the largest size recorded (21 m; Shonisaurus sikanniensis) and contain the highest number of extinct marine megafaunal taxa. This contrasts with today’s assemblage, where marine animals achieve sizes of >30 m. The extinct marine megafaunal taxa were found to be well-represented in the Paleobiology Database, but not better sampled than their smaller counterparts. Among the extinct marine megafauna, there appears to be an overall increase in body size through time. Most extinct megafaunal taxa were inferred to be macropredators preferentially living in coastal environments. Across the Phanerozoic, megafaunal species had similar extinction risks as smaller species, in stark contrast to modern oceans where the large species are most affected by human perturbations. Our work represents a first step towards a better understanding of the marine megafauna that lived in the geological past. 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TA was supported by a research fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. DC was supported by McGill University’s Graduate Mobility Award 2023 and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Anders Foundation, the 1923 Fund, and Gregory D. and Jennifer Walston Johnson.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-09-20T10:19:21.7061981</lastEdited><Created>2024-08-23T14:30:42.3475814</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Catalina</firstname><surname>Pimiento</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5320-7246</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Kristína</firstname><surname>Kocáková</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2270-8435</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Gregor H.</firstname><surname>Mathes</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2788-1173</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Thodoris</firstname><surname>Argyriou</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2036-5088</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Edwin-Alberto</firstname><surname>Cadena</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3038-567x</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>JACK</firstname><surname>COOPER</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Dirley</firstname><surname>Cortés</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9409-7429</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel J.</firstname><surname>Field</surname><orcid>0000-0002-1786-0352</orcid><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Christian</firstname><surname>Klug</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4099-7453</orcid><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Torsten M.</firstname><surname>Scheyer</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6301-8983</orcid><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Ana M.</firstname><surname>Valenzuela-Toro</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1497-364x</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Timon</firstname><surname>Buess</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Meike</firstname><surname>Günter</surname><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Amanda M.</firstname><surname>Gardiner</surname><orcid>0009-0002-5518-1235</orcid><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Pascale</firstname><surname>Hatt</surname><orcid>0009-0009-6088-2555</orcid><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Geraldine</firstname><surname>Holdener</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Giulia</firstname><surname>Jacober</surname><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Sabrina</firstname><surname>Kobelt</surname><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Sheldon</firstname><surname>Masseraz</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>Ian</firstname><surname>Mehli</surname><order>20</order></author><author><firstname>Sarah</firstname><surname>Reiff</surname><order>21</order></author><author><firstname>Eva</firstname><surname>Rigendinger</surname><order>22</order></author><author><firstname>Mimo</firstname><surname>Ruckstuhl</surname><order>23</order></author><author><firstname>Santana</firstname><surname>Schneider</surname><order>24</order></author><author><firstname>Clarissa</firstname><surname>Seige</surname><order>25</order></author><author><firstname>Nathalie</firstname><surname>Senn</surname><order>26</order></author><author><firstname>Valeria</firstname><surname>Staccoli</surname><order>27</order></author><author><firstname>Jessica</firstname><surname>Baumann</surname><order>28</order></author><author><firstname>Livio</firstname><surname>Flüeler</surname><order>29</order></author><author><firstname>Lino J.</firstname><surname>Guevara</surname><order>30</order></author><author><firstname>Esin</firstname><surname>Ickin</surname><order>31</order></author><author><firstname>Kimberley C.</firstname><surname>Kissling</surname><order>32</order></author><author><firstname>Janis</firstname><surname>Rogenmoser</surname><order>33</order></author><author><firstname>Dominik</firstname><surname>Spitznagel</surname><order>34</order></author><author><firstname>Jaime A.</firstname><surname>Villafaña</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6441-9025</orcid><order>35</order></author><author><firstname>Chiara</firstname><surname>Zanatta</surname><order>36</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>67456__31161__003d34ba64d44f28b625276903997172.pdf</filename><originalFilename>67456.VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-08-23T15:11:57.4984629</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>3006975</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© The Author(s), 2024. 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v2 67456 2024-08-23 The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic 7dd222e2a1d5971b3f3963f0501a9d4f 0000-0002-5320-7246 Catalina Pimiento Catalina Pimiento true false 5bee81f19e912ca8068a4e96add6466f JACK COOPER JACK COOPER true false 2024-08-23 BGPS The modern marine megafauna is known to play important ecological roles and includes many charismatic species that have drawn the attention of both the scientific community and the public. However, the extinct marine megafauna has never been assessed as a whole, nor has it been defined in deep time. Here, we review the literature to define and list the species that constitute the extinct marine megafauna, and to explore biological and ecological patterns throughout the Phanerozoic. We propose a size cut-off of 1 m of length to define the extinct marine megafauna. Based on this definition, we list 706 taxa belonging to eight main groups. We found that the extinct marine megafauna was conspicuous over the Phanerozoic and ubiquitous across all geological eras and periods, with the Mesozoic, especially the Cretaceous, having the greatest number of taxa. Marine reptiles include the largest size recorded (21 m; Shonisaurus sikanniensis) and contain the highest number of extinct marine megafaunal taxa. This contrasts with today’s assemblage, where marine animals achieve sizes of >30 m. The extinct marine megafaunal taxa were found to be well-represented in the Paleobiology Database, but not better sampled than their smaller counterparts. Among the extinct marine megafauna, there appears to be an overall increase in body size through time. Most extinct megafaunal taxa were inferred to be macropredators preferentially living in coastal environments. Across the Phanerozoic, megafaunal species had similar extinction risks as smaller species, in stark contrast to modern oceans where the large species are most affected by human perturbations. Our work represents a first step towards a better understanding of the marine megafauna that lived in the geological past. However, more work is required to expand our list of taxa and their traits so that we can obtain a more complete picture of their ecology and evolution. Journal Article Cambridge Prisms: Extinction 2 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2755-0958 Megafauna, species extinction, body size, ecosystem function, ecology 17 5 2024 2024-05-17 10.1017/ext.2024.12 Overview Review COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This project was funded by a PRIMA grant (no. 185798) from the Swiss National Science Foundation to CP. TA was supported by a research fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. DC was supported by McGill University’s Graduate Mobility Award 2023 and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Anders Foundation, the 1923 Fund, and Gregory D. and Jennifer Walston Johnson. 2024-09-20T10:19:21.7061981 2024-08-23T14:30:42.3475814 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Catalina Pimiento 0000-0002-5320-7246 1 Kristína Kocáková 0000-0002-2270-8435 2 Gregor H. Mathes 0000-0002-2788-1173 3 Thodoris Argyriou 0000-0002-2036-5088 4 Edwin-Alberto Cadena 0000-0003-3038-567x 5 JACK COOPER 6 Dirley Cortés 0000-0001-9409-7429 7 Daniel J. Field 0000-0002-1786-0352 8 Christian Klug 0000-0002-4099-7453 9 Torsten M. Scheyer 0000-0002-6301-8983 10 Ana M. Valenzuela-Toro 0000-0003-1497-364x 11 Timon Buess 12 Meike Günter 13 Amanda M. Gardiner 0009-0002-5518-1235 14 Pascale Hatt 0009-0009-6088-2555 15 Geraldine Holdener 16 Giulia Jacober 17 Sabrina Kobelt 18 Sheldon Masseraz 19 Ian Mehli 20 Sarah Reiff 21 Eva Rigendinger 22 Mimo Ruckstuhl 23 Santana Schneider 24 Clarissa Seige 25 Nathalie Senn 26 Valeria Staccoli 27 Jessica Baumann 28 Livio Flüeler 29 Lino J. Guevara 30 Esin Ickin 31 Kimberley C. Kissling 32 Janis Rogenmoser 33 Dominik Spitznagel 34 Jaime A. Villafaña 0000-0002-6441-9025 35 Chiara Zanatta 36 67456__31161__003d34ba64d44f28b625276903997172.pdf 67456.VoR.pdf 2024-08-23T15:11:57.4984629 Output 3006975 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s), 2024. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence (CC-BY-NC). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/ 4.0 |
| title |
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic |
| spellingShingle |
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic Catalina Pimiento JACK COOPER |
| title_short |
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic |
| title_full |
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic |
| title_fullStr |
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic |
| title_sort |
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic |
| author_id_str_mv |
7dd222e2a1d5971b3f3963f0501a9d4f 5bee81f19e912ca8068a4e96add6466f |
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7dd222e2a1d5971b3f3963f0501a9d4f_***_Catalina Pimiento 5bee81f19e912ca8068a4e96add6466f_***_JACK COOPER |
| author |
Catalina Pimiento JACK COOPER |
| author2 |
Catalina Pimiento Kristína Kocáková Gregor H. Mathes Thodoris Argyriou Edwin-Alberto Cadena JACK COOPER Dirley Cortés Daniel J. Field Christian Klug Torsten M. Scheyer Ana M. Valenzuela-Toro Timon Buess Meike Günter Amanda M. Gardiner Pascale Hatt Geraldine Holdener Giulia Jacober Sabrina Kobelt Sheldon Masseraz Ian Mehli Sarah Reiff Eva Rigendinger Mimo Ruckstuhl Santana Schneider Clarissa Seige Nathalie Senn Valeria Staccoli Jessica Baumann Livio Flüeler Lino J. Guevara Esin Ickin Kimberley C. Kissling Janis Rogenmoser Dominik Spitznagel Jaime A. Villafaña Chiara Zanatta |
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Journal article |
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Cambridge Prisms: Extinction |
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2 |
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2024 |
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Swansea University |
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2755-0958 |
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10.1017/ext.2024.12 |
| publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
| college_str |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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facultyofscienceandengineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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facultyofscienceandengineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences |
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| description |
The modern marine megafauna is known to play important ecological roles and includes many charismatic species that have drawn the attention of both the scientific community and the public. However, the extinct marine megafauna has never been assessed as a whole, nor has it been defined in deep time. Here, we review the literature to define and list the species that constitute the extinct marine megafauna, and to explore biological and ecological patterns throughout the Phanerozoic. We propose a size cut-off of 1 m of length to define the extinct marine megafauna. Based on this definition, we list 706 taxa belonging to eight main groups. We found that the extinct marine megafauna was conspicuous over the Phanerozoic and ubiquitous across all geological eras and periods, with the Mesozoic, especially the Cretaceous, having the greatest number of taxa. Marine reptiles include the largest size recorded (21 m; Shonisaurus sikanniensis) and contain the highest number of extinct marine megafaunal taxa. This contrasts with today’s assemblage, where marine animals achieve sizes of >30 m. The extinct marine megafaunal taxa were found to be well-represented in the Paleobiology Database, but not better sampled than their smaller counterparts. Among the extinct marine megafauna, there appears to be an overall increase in body size through time. Most extinct megafaunal taxa were inferred to be macropredators preferentially living in coastal environments. Across the Phanerozoic, megafaunal species had similar extinction risks as smaller species, in stark contrast to modern oceans where the large species are most affected by human perturbations. Our work represents a first step towards a better understanding of the marine megafauna that lived in the geological past. However, more work is required to expand our list of taxa and their traits so that we can obtain a more complete picture of their ecology and evolution. |
| published_date |
2024-05-17T10:19:21Z |
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1810706161861656576 |
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11.035655 |