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Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)

Katie Barbour, Sinéad Smith, David W. McClune, Nikki J. Marks, Richard J. Delahay, Rory Wilson Orcid Logo, Shay T. Mullineaux, David M. Scantlebury

Animal Biotelemetry, Volume: 12, Issue: 1

Swansea University Author: Rory Wilson Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s40317-024-00383-0

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BackgroundStudies describing the movement of free-ranging animals often use remotely collected global positioning system (GPS) data. However, such data typically only include intermittent positional information, with a sampling frequency that is constrained by battery life, producing sub-sampling ef...

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Published in: Animal Biotelemetry
ISSN: 2050-3385
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67692
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However, such data typically only include intermittent positional information, with a sampling frequency that is constrained by battery life, producing sub-sampling effects that have the potential to bias interpretation. GPS-enhanced ‘dead-reckoning’ of animal movements is an alternative approach that utilises combined information from GPS devices, tri-axial accelerometers, and tri-axial magnetometers. Continuous detailed information of animal movement, activity and habitat selection can then be inferred from finer-scale GPS-enhanced dead-reckoning. It is also a useful technique to reveal the minutiae of an animal’s movements such as path tortuosity. However, examples of studies using these approaches on terrestrial species are limited.MethodsCollars equipped with GPS, tri-axial accelerometer, and tri-axial magnetometer loggers were deployed on European badgers, Meles meles, to collect data on geo-position, acceleration and magnetic compass heading, respectively. This enabled us to compare GPS data with calculated GPS-enhanced dead-reckoned data. We also examined space use, distances travelled, speed of travel, and path tortuosity in relation to habitat type.ResultsNightly distances travelled were 2.2 times greater when calculated using GPS-enhanced dead-reckoned data than when calculated using GPS data alone. The use of dead-reckoned data reduced Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) of animal ranges to approximately half the size (0.21 km2) estimated using GPS data (0.46 km2). In contrast, Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) methods showed that use of dead reckoned data yielded larger estimates of animal ranges than use of GPS-only data (0.35 and 0.27 km2, respectively).Analyses indicated that longer periods of activity were associated with greater travel distances and increased activity-related energy expenditure. Badgers also moved greater distances when they travelled at faster speeds and when the routes that they took were less tortuous. Nightly activity-related energy expenditure was not related to average travel speed or average ambient temperature but was positively related to the length of time individuals spent outside the sett (burrow). Badger activity varied with habitat type, with greater distance, speed, track tortuosity, and activity undertaken within woodland areas. Analyses of the effects of varying GPS sampling rate indicate that assessments of distance travelled depend on the sampling interval and the tortuosity of the animal’s track. Where animal paths change direction rapidly, it becomes more important to use dead-reckoned data rather than GPS data alone to determine space use and distances.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the efficacy of GPS-enhanced dead-reckoning to collect high-resolution data on animal movements, activity, and locations and thereby identify subtle differences amongst individuals. This work also shows how the temporal resolution of position fixes plays a key role in the estimation of various movement metrics, such as travel speed and track tortuosity.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Animal Biotelemetry</journal><volume>12</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2050-3385</issnElectronic><keywords>Accelerometer, Magnetometer, GPS, Dead-reckoning, Vectorial dynamic body acceleration, Energy expenditure, Behaviour, Habitat</keywords><publishedDay>28</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-09-28</publishedDate><doi>10.1186/s40317-024-00383-0</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences Geography and Physics School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BGPS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>We are grateful to the support of the Royal Society (Grant/Award Number: 13473‐1). KB, SS, and DMcC were funded by Studentships from the Department for Employment and Learning (now Department of Education) Northern Ireland awarded to DMS and NJM. 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spelling v2 67692 2024-09-16 Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles) 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc 0000-0003-3177-0177 Rory Wilson Rory Wilson true false 2024-09-16 BGPS BackgroundStudies describing the movement of free-ranging animals often use remotely collected global positioning system (GPS) data. However, such data typically only include intermittent positional information, with a sampling frequency that is constrained by battery life, producing sub-sampling effects that have the potential to bias interpretation. GPS-enhanced ‘dead-reckoning’ of animal movements is an alternative approach that utilises combined information from GPS devices, tri-axial accelerometers, and tri-axial magnetometers. Continuous detailed information of animal movement, activity and habitat selection can then be inferred from finer-scale GPS-enhanced dead-reckoning. It is also a useful technique to reveal the minutiae of an animal’s movements such as path tortuosity. However, examples of studies using these approaches on terrestrial species are limited.MethodsCollars equipped with GPS, tri-axial accelerometer, and tri-axial magnetometer loggers were deployed on European badgers, Meles meles, to collect data on geo-position, acceleration and magnetic compass heading, respectively. This enabled us to compare GPS data with calculated GPS-enhanced dead-reckoned data. We also examined space use, distances travelled, speed of travel, and path tortuosity in relation to habitat type.ResultsNightly distances travelled were 2.2 times greater when calculated using GPS-enhanced dead-reckoned data than when calculated using GPS data alone. The use of dead-reckoned data reduced Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) of animal ranges to approximately half the size (0.21 km2) estimated using GPS data (0.46 km2). In contrast, Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) methods showed that use of dead reckoned data yielded larger estimates of animal ranges than use of GPS-only data (0.35 and 0.27 km2, respectively).Analyses indicated that longer periods of activity were associated with greater travel distances and increased activity-related energy expenditure. Badgers also moved greater distances when they travelled at faster speeds and when the routes that they took were less tortuous. Nightly activity-related energy expenditure was not related to average travel speed or average ambient temperature but was positively related to the length of time individuals spent outside the sett (burrow). Badger activity varied with habitat type, with greater distance, speed, track tortuosity, and activity undertaken within woodland areas. Analyses of the effects of varying GPS sampling rate indicate that assessments of distance travelled depend on the sampling interval and the tortuosity of the animal’s track. Where animal paths change direction rapidly, it becomes more important to use dead-reckoned data rather than GPS data alone to determine space use and distances.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the efficacy of GPS-enhanced dead-reckoning to collect high-resolution data on animal movements, activity, and locations and thereby identify subtle differences amongst individuals. This work also shows how the temporal resolution of position fixes plays a key role in the estimation of various movement metrics, such as travel speed and track tortuosity. Journal Article Animal Biotelemetry 12 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2050-3385 Accelerometer, Magnetometer, GPS, Dead-reckoning, Vectorial dynamic body acceleration, Energy expenditure, Behaviour, Habitat 28 9 2024 2024-09-28 10.1186/s40317-024-00383-0 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee We are grateful to the support of the Royal Society (Grant/Award Number: 13473‐1). KB, SS, and DMcC were funded by Studentships from the Department for Employment and Learning (now Department of Education) Northern Ireland awarded to DMS and NJM. The long-term study at Woodchester Park is funded by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 2024-10-24T13:53:10.1503748 2024-09-16T09:08:21.0064424 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Katie Barbour 1 Sinéad Smith 2 David W. McClune 3 Nikki J. Marks 4 Richard J. Delahay 5 Rory Wilson 0000-0003-3177-0177 6 Shay T. Mullineaux 7 David M. Scantlebury 8 67692__32700__5b194646e7f4414ba1b08ac4f179147c.pdf 67692.VoR.pdf 2024-10-24T13:51:40.1472822 Output 2971295 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)
spellingShingle Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)
Rory Wilson
title_short Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)
title_full Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)
title_fullStr Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)
title_full_unstemmed Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)
title_sort Dead-reckoning facilitates determination of activity and habitat use: a case study with European badgers (Meles meles)
author_id_str_mv 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc
author_id_fullname_str_mv 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc_***_Rory Wilson
author Rory Wilson
author2 Katie Barbour
Sinéad Smith
David W. McClune
Nikki J. Marks
Richard J. Delahay
Rory Wilson
Shay T. Mullineaux
David M. Scantlebury
format Journal article
container_title Animal Biotelemetry
container_volume 12
container_issue 1
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2050-3385
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s40317-024-00383-0
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundStudies describing the movement of free-ranging animals often use remotely collected global positioning system (GPS) data. However, such data typically only include intermittent positional information, with a sampling frequency that is constrained by battery life, producing sub-sampling effects that have the potential to bias interpretation. GPS-enhanced ‘dead-reckoning’ of animal movements is an alternative approach that utilises combined information from GPS devices, tri-axial accelerometers, and tri-axial magnetometers. Continuous detailed information of animal movement, activity and habitat selection can then be inferred from finer-scale GPS-enhanced dead-reckoning. It is also a useful technique to reveal the minutiae of an animal’s movements such as path tortuosity. However, examples of studies using these approaches on terrestrial species are limited.MethodsCollars equipped with GPS, tri-axial accelerometer, and tri-axial magnetometer loggers were deployed on European badgers, Meles meles, to collect data on geo-position, acceleration and magnetic compass heading, respectively. This enabled us to compare GPS data with calculated GPS-enhanced dead-reckoned data. We also examined space use, distances travelled, speed of travel, and path tortuosity in relation to habitat type.ResultsNightly distances travelled were 2.2 times greater when calculated using GPS-enhanced dead-reckoned data than when calculated using GPS data alone. The use of dead-reckoned data reduced Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) of animal ranges to approximately half the size (0.21 km2) estimated using GPS data (0.46 km2). In contrast, Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) methods showed that use of dead reckoned data yielded larger estimates of animal ranges than use of GPS-only data (0.35 and 0.27 km2, respectively).Analyses indicated that longer periods of activity were associated with greater travel distances and increased activity-related energy expenditure. Badgers also moved greater distances when they travelled at faster speeds and when the routes that they took were less tortuous. Nightly activity-related energy expenditure was not related to average travel speed or average ambient temperature but was positively related to the length of time individuals spent outside the sett (burrow). Badger activity varied with habitat type, with greater distance, speed, track tortuosity, and activity undertaken within woodland areas. Analyses of the effects of varying GPS sampling rate indicate that assessments of distance travelled depend on the sampling interval and the tortuosity of the animal’s track. Where animal paths change direction rapidly, it becomes more important to use dead-reckoned data rather than GPS data alone to determine space use and distances.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the efficacy of GPS-enhanced dead-reckoning to collect high-resolution data on animal movements, activity, and locations and thereby identify subtle differences amongst individuals. This work also shows how the temporal resolution of position fixes plays a key role in the estimation of various movement metrics, such as travel speed and track tortuosity.
published_date 2024-09-28T13:53:08Z
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