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Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition

Laura Galante Orcid Logo, Amber M. Milan Orcid Logo, Clare M. Reynolds, David Cameron-Smith Orcid Logo, Mark H. Vickers Orcid Logo, Shikha Pundir

Nutrients, Volume: 10, Issue: 9, Start page: 1194

Swansea University Author: Laura Galante Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/nu10091194

Abstract

Male and female infants respond differentially to environmental stimuli, with different growth and neurodevelopmental trajectories. Male infants are more likely to be disadvantaged when subjected to adversity and show a higher risk of perinatal complications. However, the underlying causes of this s...

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Published in: Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643
Published: MDPI AG 2018
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68019
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spelling 2024-12-20T13:15:42.3124894 v2 68019 2024-10-18 Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition d1c6c22f6a863ef2050ed9768566884b 0000-0002-6190-7955 Laura Galante Laura Galante true false 2024-10-18 MEDS Male and female infants respond differentially to environmental stimuli, with different growth and neurodevelopmental trajectories. Male infants are more likely to be disadvantaged when subjected to adversity and show a higher risk of perinatal complications. However, the underlying causes of this sex-bias are not well defined and optimising the early life nutritional care may be necessary to minimise the “male disadvantage” that may be experienced early in life. Experimental models have demonstrated that animal milk composition differs according to offspring sex, suggesting that the tailoring of early life nutrition may be one mechanism to maximise health protection and development to infants of both sexes. However, evidence for a sex-specificity in human milk composition is limited and conflicting, with studies documenting higher milk energy content for either male or female infants. These data show sex differences, however, there has been limited compositional analysis of the current data nor strategies proposed for how sex-specific compositional differences in early life nutrition may be used to improve infant health. The present narrative review highlights that an improved understanding of sex-specific human milk composition is essential for promoting optimal infant growth and development. Journal Article Nutrients 10 9 1194 MDPI AG 2072-6643 human milk; sex-specificity; infant growth; early life nutrition; postnatal outcomes; breastfeeding 1 9 2018 2018-09-01 10.3390/nu10091194 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee Funding for L.G., PhD student at Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, was obtained from Liggins Institute PhD Funding. Funding for publishing the manuscript was received from “Liggins Institute Journal Publication Funds” and was supported by the Liggins Institute FRDF (Faculty Research Development Fund) 3716954 grant. 2024-12-20T13:15:42.3124894 2024-10-18T08:59:50.9864605 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Health and Social Care - Public Health Laura Galante 0000-0002-6190-7955 1 Amber M. Milan 0000-0002-9559-7326 2 Clare M. Reynolds 3 David Cameron-Smith 0000-0002-0144-5816 4 Mark H. Vickers 0000-0003-4876-9356 5 Shikha Pundir 6
title Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
spellingShingle Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
Laura Galante
title_short Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
title_full Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
title_fullStr Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
title_full_unstemmed Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
title_sort Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
author_id_str_mv d1c6c22f6a863ef2050ed9768566884b
author_id_fullname_str_mv d1c6c22f6a863ef2050ed9768566884b_***_Laura Galante
author Laura Galante
author2 Laura Galante
Amber M. Milan
Clare M. Reynolds
David Cameron-Smith
Mark H. Vickers
Shikha Pundir
format Journal article
container_title Nutrients
container_volume 10
container_issue 9
container_start_page 1194
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
issn 2072-6643
doi_str_mv 10.3390/nu10091194
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Health and Social Care - Public Health{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Health and Social Care - Public Health
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Male and female infants respond differentially to environmental stimuli, with different growth and neurodevelopmental trajectories. Male infants are more likely to be disadvantaged when subjected to adversity and show a higher risk of perinatal complications. However, the underlying causes of this sex-bias are not well defined and optimising the early life nutritional care may be necessary to minimise the “male disadvantage” that may be experienced early in life. Experimental models have demonstrated that animal milk composition differs according to offspring sex, suggesting that the tailoring of early life nutrition may be one mechanism to maximise health protection and development to infants of both sexes. However, evidence for a sex-specificity in human milk composition is limited and conflicting, with studies documenting higher milk energy content for either male or female infants. These data show sex differences, however, there has been limited compositional analysis of the current data nor strategies proposed for how sex-specific compositional differences in early life nutrition may be used to improve infant health. The present narrative review highlights that an improved understanding of sex-specific human milk composition is essential for promoting optimal infant growth and development.
published_date 2018-09-01T02:56:01Z
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score 11.048302

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