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Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces

John Matthews, Richard W. Mourne

The Holocene, Volume: 35, Issue: 3, Pages: 340 - 351

Swansea University Author: John Matthews

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DOI (Published version): 10.1177/09596836241296068

Abstract

Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) was used to evaluate the surface age, dynamics and evolution of eight talus (scree) slopes located between ~520 and ~1010 m a.s.l. in the upper Jostedalen area of southern Norway. Statistically significant differences in mean R-values were found between talus...

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Published in: The Holocene
ISSN: 0959-6836 1477-0911
Published: SAGE Publications 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68051
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spelling 2025-03-31T16:03:16.1096002 v2 68051 2024-10-24 Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces 34d32653bcd2879eec1e86d4fa2687b4 John Matthews John Matthews true false 2024-10-24 Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) was used to evaluate the surface age, dynamics and evolution of eight talus (scree) slopes located between ~520 and ~1010 m a.s.l. in the upper Jostedalen area of southern Norway. Statistically significant differences in mean R-values were found between talus slopes but there was no consistent difference in R-values between three mid- to lower-slope positions, two operators, or first and second impacts from the same boulders. A new regional age-calibration equation yielded SHD ages ranging from 8425 ± 700 years to 2620 ± 740 years. SHD ages from talus slopes and other landforms with diachronous surfaces (such as alluvial fans, snow-avalanche fans, pronival ramparts and rock glaciers) represent the average exposure age of the surface boulders and provide insights into landform evolution. Here, our SHD ages are interpreted in terms of Early Holocene paraglacial rock-slope instability, Mid-Holocene permafrost degradation, low but possibly variable rates of rockfall activity in the Late-Holocene, and spatial variations affected by local site differences. Survival of rock particles with relatively old exposure ages towards the distal margins of the talus slopes is attributed to their slow development with low levels of modern activity. SHD ages from diachronous surfaces may considerably underestimate landform age (defined as the onset of landform formation). Greater application can be anticipated, however, in the inference of landform dynamics from the R-value distributions of diachronous surfaces and in the use of SHD age as an indicator of the extent of modern activity. Journal Article The Holocene 35 3 340 351 SAGE Publications 0959-6836 1477-0911 Diachronous surfaces, Holocene slope processes, periglacial landforms, Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating, talus 1 3 2025 2025-03-01 10.1177/09596836241296068 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University 2025-03-31T16:03:16.1096002 2024-10-24T10:14:20.3405516 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography John Matthews 1 Richard W. Mourne 2 68051__33062__383c1976618642d0a9f7b1629e03b749.pdf 68051.VOR.pdf 2024-12-05T14:20:24.0669373 Output 3094187 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2024. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC-BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
spellingShingle Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
John Matthews
title_short Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
title_full Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
title_fullStr Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
title_full_unstemmed Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
title_sort Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
author_id_str_mv 34d32653bcd2879eec1e86d4fa2687b4
author_id_fullname_str_mv 34d32653bcd2879eec1e86d4fa2687b4_***_John Matthews
author John Matthews
author2 John Matthews
Richard W. Mourne
format Journal article
container_title The Holocene
container_volume 35
container_issue 3
container_start_page 340
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0959-6836
1477-0911
doi_str_mv 10.1177/09596836241296068
publisher SAGE Publications
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
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description Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) was used to evaluate the surface age, dynamics and evolution of eight talus (scree) slopes located between ~520 and ~1010 m a.s.l. in the upper Jostedalen area of southern Norway. Statistically significant differences in mean R-values were found between talus slopes but there was no consistent difference in R-values between three mid- to lower-slope positions, two operators, or first and second impacts from the same boulders. A new regional age-calibration equation yielded SHD ages ranging from 8425 ± 700 years to 2620 ± 740 years. SHD ages from talus slopes and other landforms with diachronous surfaces (such as alluvial fans, snow-avalanche fans, pronival ramparts and rock glaciers) represent the average exposure age of the surface boulders and provide insights into landform evolution. Here, our SHD ages are interpreted in terms of Early Holocene paraglacial rock-slope instability, Mid-Holocene permafrost degradation, low but possibly variable rates of rockfall activity in the Late-Holocene, and spatial variations affected by local site differences. Survival of rock particles with relatively old exposure ages towards the distal margins of the talus slopes is attributed to their slow development with low levels of modern activity. SHD ages from diachronous surfaces may considerably underestimate landform age (defined as the onset of landform formation). Greater application can be anticipated, however, in the inference of landform dynamics from the R-value distributions of diachronous surfaces and in the use of SHD age as an indicator of the extent of modern activity.
published_date 2025-03-01T08:14:00Z
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