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Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults

LEANNE RICHARDS, Neil Carter, Claire Hanley Orcid Logo, Claire Barnes Orcid Logo, Huw Summers Orcid Logo, Alison Porter Orcid Logo, Andrea Tales Orcid Logo

Brain Sciences, Volume: 14, Issue: 11, Start page: 1048

Swansea University Authors: LEANNE RICHARDS, Neil Carter, Claire Hanley Orcid Logo, Claire Barnes Orcid Logo, Huw Summers Orcid Logo, Alison Porter Orcid Logo, Andrea Tales Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/brainsci14111048

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Vulnerability to sound distraction is commonly reported in older adults with dementia and tends to be associated with adverse impacts on daily activity. However, study outcome heterogeneity is increasingly evident, with preserved resistance to distraction also evident. Contrib...

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Published in: Brain Sciences
ISSN: 2076-3425
Published: MDPI AG 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68139
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However, study outcome heterogeneity is increasingly evident, with preserved resistance to distraction also evident. Contributory factors may include individual differences in distractibility in older adulthood per se, and failure to consider the influence of how difficult a person found the test. Methods: We therefore measured distractibility in a group of older adults by comparing the performance of a primary visual task (Swansea Test of Attentional Control), which includes an adaptive algorithm to take into account how difficult a person finds the test under both no-sound and sound conditions. Results: Analysis revealed no significant difference in group mean performance between no-sound versus sound conditions [t (33) = 0.181, p = 0.858; Cohen’s effect size d = −0.028], but individual differences in performance both within and between sound and no-sound conditions were evident, indicating that for older adults, distracting sounds can be neutral, detrimental, or advantageous with respect to visual task performance. It was not possible to determine individual thresholds for whether sound versus no-sound conditions affected a person’s actual behaviour. Conclusions: Nevertheless, our findings indicate how variable such effects may be in older adults, which in turn may help to explain outcome heterogeneity in studies including people living with dementia. 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spelling v2 68139 2024-11-01 Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults 7abaf30fa9fcf03ca9f580e4f28f53cc LEANNE RICHARDS LEANNE RICHARDS true false 9a3f8cbd9ad25966c489e44fabed844f Neil Carter Neil Carter true false 8a50e5bcfe0164091b248e4602789bd7 0000-0002-9520-8490 Claire Hanley Claire Hanley true false 024232879fc13d5ceac584360af8742c 0000-0003-1031-7127 Claire Barnes Claire Barnes true false a61c15e220837ebfa52648c143769427 0000-0002-0898-5612 Huw Summers Huw Summers true false fcc861ec479a79f7fb9befb13192238b 0000-0002-3408-7007 Alison Porter Alison Porter true false 9b53a866ddacb566c38ee336706aef5f 0000-0003-4825-4555 Andrea Tales Andrea Tales true false 2024-11-01 Background/Objectives: Vulnerability to sound distraction is commonly reported in older adults with dementia and tends to be associated with adverse impacts on daily activity. However, study outcome heterogeneity is increasingly evident, with preserved resistance to distraction also evident. Contributory factors may include individual differences in distractibility in older adulthood per se, and failure to consider the influence of how difficult a person found the test. Methods: We therefore measured distractibility in a group of older adults by comparing the performance of a primary visual task (Swansea Test of Attentional Control), which includes an adaptive algorithm to take into account how difficult a person finds the test under both no-sound and sound conditions. Results: Analysis revealed no significant difference in group mean performance between no-sound versus sound conditions [t (33) = 0.181, p = 0.858; Cohen’s effect size d = −0.028], but individual differences in performance both within and between sound and no-sound conditions were evident, indicating that for older adults, distracting sounds can be neutral, detrimental, or advantageous with respect to visual task performance. It was not possible to determine individual thresholds for whether sound versus no-sound conditions affected a person’s actual behaviour. Conclusions: Nevertheless, our findings indicate how variable such effects may be in older adults, which in turn may help to explain outcome heterogeneity in studies including people living with dementia. Furthermore, such within-group heterogeneity highlights the importance of considering a person’s individual performance in order to better understand their behaviour and initiate interventions as required. Journal Article Brain Sciences 14 11 1048 MDPI AG 2076-3425 Ageing, attention, auditory distraction 23 10 2024 2024-10-23 10.3390/brainsci14111048 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)—grant reference ES/P00069X/1. 2024-11-01T12:08:28.6569618 2024-11-01T11:57:42.0898910 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Health and Social Care - Public Health LEANNE RICHARDS 1 Neil Carter 2 Claire Hanley 0000-0002-9520-8490 3 Claire Barnes 0000-0003-1031-7127 4 Huw Summers 0000-0002-0898-5612 5 Alison Porter 0000-0002-3408-7007 6 Andrea Tales 0000-0003-4825-4555 7 68139__32815__bfe0e91a177941938c3cefcde1f755da.pdf 68139.VOR.pdf 2024-11-01T12:06:15.2989469 Output 1229438 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults
spellingShingle Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults
LEANNE RICHARDS
Neil Carter
Claire Hanley
Claire Barnes
Huw Summers
Alison Porter
Andrea Tales
title_short Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults
title_full Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults
title_fullStr Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults
title_full_unstemmed Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults
title_sort Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults
author_id_str_mv 7abaf30fa9fcf03ca9f580e4f28f53cc
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fcc861ec479a79f7fb9befb13192238b
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 7abaf30fa9fcf03ca9f580e4f28f53cc_***_LEANNE RICHARDS
9a3f8cbd9ad25966c489e44fabed844f_***_Neil Carter
8a50e5bcfe0164091b248e4602789bd7_***_Claire Hanley
024232879fc13d5ceac584360af8742c_***_Claire Barnes
a61c15e220837ebfa52648c143769427_***_Huw Summers
fcc861ec479a79f7fb9befb13192238b_***_Alison Porter
9b53a866ddacb566c38ee336706aef5f_***_Andrea Tales
author LEANNE RICHARDS
Neil Carter
Claire Hanley
Claire Barnes
Huw Summers
Alison Porter
Andrea Tales
author2 LEANNE RICHARDS
Neil Carter
Claire Hanley
Claire Barnes
Huw Summers
Alison Porter
Andrea Tales
format Journal article
container_title Brain Sciences
container_volume 14
container_issue 11
container_start_page 1048
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2076-3425
doi_str_mv 10.3390/brainsci14111048
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Health and Social Care - Public Health{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Health and Social Care - Public Health
document_store_str 1
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description Background/Objectives: Vulnerability to sound distraction is commonly reported in older adults with dementia and tends to be associated with adverse impacts on daily activity. However, study outcome heterogeneity is increasingly evident, with preserved resistance to distraction also evident. Contributory factors may include individual differences in distractibility in older adulthood per se, and failure to consider the influence of how difficult a person found the test. Methods: We therefore measured distractibility in a group of older adults by comparing the performance of a primary visual task (Swansea Test of Attentional Control), which includes an adaptive algorithm to take into account how difficult a person finds the test under both no-sound and sound conditions. Results: Analysis revealed no significant difference in group mean performance between no-sound versus sound conditions [t (33) = 0.181, p = 0.858; Cohen’s effect size d = −0.028], but individual differences in performance both within and between sound and no-sound conditions were evident, indicating that for older adults, distracting sounds can be neutral, detrimental, or advantageous with respect to visual task performance. It was not possible to determine individual thresholds for whether sound versus no-sound conditions affected a person’s actual behaviour. Conclusions: Nevertheless, our findings indicate how variable such effects may be in older adults, which in turn may help to explain outcome heterogeneity in studies including people living with dementia. Furthermore, such within-group heterogeneity highlights the importance of considering a person’s individual performance in order to better understand their behaviour and initiate interventions as required.
published_date 2024-10-23T12:08:27Z
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