Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom

Brown, Amy; Jones, Sara; Griffiths, Catrin; Jones, Wendy; Weaver, Gillian; Shenker, Natalie

doi:10.1111/jhn.13405

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Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom

Amy Brown

, Sara Jones

, Catrin Griffiths

, Wendy Jones, Gillian Weaver, Natalie Shenker

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume: 38, Issue: 1, Start page: e13405

Swansea University Authors: Amy Brown , Sara Jones , Catrin Griffiths , Wendy Jones

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/jhn.13405

Abstract

Background: When premature infants cannot receive their own mother's milk, donor human milk (DHM) is the first‐line recommended option, with growing demand for DHM use outside of neonatal units. To meet the potential need, we need to consider whether DHM supply can increase. This study aimed to...

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Published in:	Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
ISSN:	0952-3871 1365-277X
Published:	Wiley 2025
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68408

first_indexed	2024-12-02T13:47:18Z
last_indexed	2025-01-20T20:35:06Z
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To meet the potential need, we need to consider whether DHM supply can increase. This study aimed to explore the reasons that prevent women who wish to donate their milk in the United Kingdom from doing so to understand which barriers may be modifiable. Methods: Women who wanted to donate their milk but did not do so completed an online survey. Open and closed questions examined the response they received, their reasons for not donating and what they did with any milk that they had already stored. Results: Out of 732 mothers, 391 (53.4%) did not enquire as they did not think it was possible for them, 218 (29.8%) enquired but were told that they could not donate, 59 (8.1%) enquired but decided not to proceed and 64 (8.7%) received no response. Reasons for being told they could not donate included the use of certain medications, infant age, inadequate staffing, geographic barriers and incorrect storage. Process aspects (e.g., blood tests, practicalities) and lifestyle limitations led mothers to decide not to donate. Conclusions: Although some women will be prevented from donating due to medication or health issues, investment in milk banking staffing and infrastructure and awareness campaigns could increase DHM supply, enabling guidelines to extend eligibility criteria for receiving DHM such as for late preterm infants, gestational diabetes or to support low maternal milk supply.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics</journal><volume>38</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>e13405</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Wiley</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0952-3871</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1365-277X</issnElectronic><keywords>Breastfeeding, donor human milk, health service delivery, infant feeding services, milk banking infrastructure, milk donation</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>2</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-02-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1111/jhn.13405</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Health and Social Care School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HSOC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>The project was supported by funding from the HEFCW Research Wales Innovation Fund. Natalie Shenker is a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow at Imperial College London (grant p76489) which supported her participation in the writing of this manuscript.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-01-20T15:45:47.2233890</lastEdited><Created>2024-12-02T10:59:46.3848361</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">School of Health and Social Care - Public Health</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Amy</firstname><surname>Brown</surname><orcid>0000-0002-0438-0157</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Sara</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2182-6314</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Catrin</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6581-0536</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Wendy</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Gillian</firstname><surname>Weaver</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Natalie</firstname><surname>Shenker</surname><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>68408__33010__1ac1609b12fc4a838878f7f120e7f99a.pdf</filename><originalFilename>jhn.13405.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-12-02T10:59:46.3618942</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>552692</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2024 The Author(s). 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spelling	2025-01-20T15:45:47.2233890 v2 68408 2024-12-02 Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom 37aea6965461cb0510473d109411a0c3 0000-0002-0438-0157 Amy Brown Amy Brown true false e6ed433db8a59b5e3077e3de5888a98a 0000-0003-2182-6314 Sara Jones Sara Jones true false 2d49e9db71928b3c4e564063c2b8b06e 0000-0002-6581-0536 Catrin Griffiths Catrin Griffiths true false 88cbe06f4f0c6d5259db0ddce284bc74 Wendy Jones Wendy Jones true false 2024-12-02 HSOC Background: When premature infants cannot receive their own mother's milk, donor human milk (DHM) is the first‐line recommended option, with growing demand for DHM use outside of neonatal units. To meet the potential need, we need to consider whether DHM supply can increase. This study aimed to explore the reasons that prevent women who wish to donate their milk in the United Kingdom from doing so to understand which barriers may be modifiable. Methods: Women who wanted to donate their milk but did not do so completed an online survey. Open and closed questions examined the response they received, their reasons for not donating and what they did with any milk that they had already stored. Results: Out of 732 mothers, 391 (53.4%) did not enquire as they did not think it was possible for them, 218 (29.8%) enquired but were told that they could not donate, 59 (8.1%) enquired but decided not to proceed and 64 (8.7%) received no response. Reasons for being told they could not donate included the use of certain medications, infant age, inadequate staffing, geographic barriers and incorrect storage. Process aspects (e.g., blood tests, practicalities) and lifestyle limitations led mothers to decide not to donate. Conclusions: Although some women will be prevented from donating due to medication or health issues, investment in milk banking staffing and infrastructure and awareness campaigns could increase DHM supply, enabling guidelines to extend eligibility criteria for receiving DHM such as for late preterm infants, gestational diabetes or to support low maternal milk supply. Journal Article Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 38 1 e13405 Wiley 0952-3871 1365-277X Breastfeeding, donor human milk, health service delivery, infant feeding services, milk banking infrastructure, milk donation 1 2 2025 2025-02-01 10.1111/jhn.13405 COLLEGE NANME Health and Social Care School COLLEGE CODE HSOC Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The project was supported by funding from the HEFCW Research Wales Innovation Fund. Natalie Shenker is a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow at Imperial College London (grant p76489) which supported her participation in the writing of this manuscript. 2025-01-20T15:45:47.2233890 2024-12-02T10:59:46.3848361 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Health and Social Care - Public Health Amy Brown 0000-0002-0438-0157 1 Sara Jones 0000-0003-2182-6314 2 Catrin Griffiths 0000-0002-6581-0536 3 Wendy Jones 4 Gillian Weaver 5 Natalie Shenker 6 68408__33010__1ac1609b12fc4a838878f7f120e7f99a.pdf jhn.13405.pdf 2024-12-02T10:59:46.3618942 Output 552692 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom
spellingShingle	Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom Amy Brown Sara Jones Catrin Griffiths Wendy Jones
title_short	Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom
title_full	Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom
title_fullStr	Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom
title_full_unstemmed	Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom
title_sort	Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom
author_id_str_mv	37aea6965461cb0510473d109411a0c3 e6ed433db8a59b5e3077e3de5888a98a 2d49e9db71928b3c4e564063c2b8b06e 88cbe06f4f0c6d5259db0ddce284bc74
author_id_fullname_str_mv	37aea6965461cb0510473d109411a0c3_*_Amy Brown e6ed433db8a59b5e3077e3de5888a98a__Sara Jones 2d49e9db71928b3c4e564063c2b8b06e__Catrin Griffiths 88cbe06f4f0c6d5259db0ddce284bc74_*_Wendy Jones
author	Amy Brown Sara Jones Catrin Griffiths Wendy Jones
author2	Amy Brown Sara Jones Catrin Griffiths Wendy Jones Gillian Weaver Natalie Shenker
format	Journal article
container_title	Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
container_volume	38
container_issue	1
container_start_page	e13405
publishDate	2025
institution	Swansea University
issn	0952-3871 1365-277X
doi_str_mv	10.1111/jhn.13405
publisher	Wiley
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str	School of Health and Social Care - Public Health{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Health and Social Care - Public Health
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description	Background: When premature infants cannot receive their own mother's milk, donor human milk (DHM) is the first‐line recommended option, with growing demand for DHM use outside of neonatal units. To meet the potential need, we need to consider whether DHM supply can increase. This study aimed to explore the reasons that prevent women who wish to donate their milk in the United Kingdom from doing so to understand which barriers may be modifiable. Methods: Women who wanted to donate their milk but did not do so completed an online survey. Open and closed questions examined the response they received, their reasons for not donating and what they did with any milk that they had already stored. Results: Out of 732 mothers, 391 (53.4%) did not enquire as they did not think it was possible for them, 218 (29.8%) enquired but were told that they could not donate, 59 (8.1%) enquired but decided not to proceed and 64 (8.7%) received no response. Reasons for being told they could not donate included the use of certain medications, infant age, inadequate staffing, geographic barriers and incorrect storage. Process aspects (e.g., blood tests, practicalities) and lifestyle limitations led mothers to decide not to donate. Conclusions: Although some women will be prevented from donating due to medication or health issues, investment in milk banking staffing and infrastructure and awareness campaigns could increase DHM supply, enabling guidelines to extend eligibility criteria for receiving DHM such as for late preterm infants, gestational diabetes or to support low maternal milk supply.
published_date	2025-02-01T02:51:06Z
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Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom

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