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Computational Thermochemistry for Modelling Oxidation During the Conveyance Tube Manufacturing Process
,
Chris Owen,
Michael Auinger
Metals, Volume: 14, Issue: 12, Start page: 1402
Swansea University Authors:
MEGAN KENDALL, Elizabeth Sackett
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© 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/met14121402
Abstract
Conveyance tube manufacturing via a hot-finished, welded route is an energy-intensive process which promotes rapid surface oxidation. During normalisation at approximately 950 °C to homogenise the post-weld microstructure, an oxide mill scale layer grows on tube outer surfaces. Following further the...
| Published in: | Metals |
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| ISSN: | 2075-4701 |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024
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| Online Access: |
Check full text
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68478 |
| Abstract: |
Conveyance tube manufacturing via a hot-finished, welded route is an energy-intensive process which promotes rapid surface oxidation. During normalisation at approximately 950 °C to homogenise the post-weld microstructure, an oxide mill scale layer grows on tube outer surfaces. Following further thermomechanical processing, there is significant yield loss of up to 3% of total feedstock due to scale products, and surface degradation due to inconsistent scale delamination. Delaminated scale is also liable to contaminate and damage plant tooling. The computational thermochemistry software, Thermo-Calc 2023b, with its diffusion module, DICTRA, was explored for its potential to investigate oxidation kinetics on curved geometries representative of those in conveyance tube applications. A suitable model was developed using the Stefan problem, bespoke thermochemical databases, and a numerical solution to the diffusion equation. Oxide thickness predictions for representative curved surfaces revealed the significance of the radial term in the diffusion equation for tubes of less than a 200 mm inner radius. This critical value places the conveyance tubes’ dimensions well within the range where the effects of a cylindrical coordinate system on oxidation, owing to continuous surface area changes and superimposed diffusion pathways, cannot be neglected if oxidation on curved surfaces is to be fully understood. |
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| Keywords: |
Oxidation; modelling; steel; diffusion; heat treatment |
| College: |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| Funders: |
This research was funded by COATED M2A from the European Social Fund via the Welsh Government (c80816), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant Ref: EP/S02252X/1), and Tata Steel. |
| Issue: |
12 |
| Start Page: |
1402 |