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Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study

Jingwei Gao, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Haroon Ahmed, Aled Davies, Andrew Yeoman, Thomas Peter Ignatius Pembroke

BMJ Open, Volume: 15, Issue: 2, Start page: e093335

Swansea University Authors: Jingwei Gao, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093335

Abstract

Objective: To describe the incidence and key demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of individuals with liver disease in Wales. Design and setting: This study is designed as a retrospective observational study that linked data of anonymised identified individuals from primary, secon...

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Published in: BMJ Open
ISSN: 2044-6055 2044-6055
Published: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68744
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Design and setting: This study is designed as a retrospective observational study that linked data of anonymised identified individuals from primary, secondary care and mortality data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales. Participants: All Welsh residents who registered with a SAIL-contributing general practitioner (GP) and diagnosed with liver disease from 2004 to 2022. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Our primary outcome is the annual age-standardised incidence rate of liver disease. Secondary outcome is the numbers and frequencies of underlying aetiology and the associated comorbidities. Results: Between 2004 and 2022, 111 098 individuals received a diagnosis of liver disease in Wales and were included in this study. The incidence of liver disease increased threefold during the study period (97.7 per 100&#x2009;000 inhabitants in 2004 to 316.2 per 100&#x2009;000 inhabitants in 2022). A total of 79&#x2009;992 individuals (72%) entered the cohort with the underlying aetiology of liver disease, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, metabolic, haemochromatosis and autoimmune liver diseases. NAFLD has contributed to most of the change in incidence. Conclusions: We observed increasing incidence rates of liver disease in Wales, with NAFLD showing a particularly sharp increase and frequently identified as an underlying condition. 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spelling 2025-02-17T15:06:49.9508444 v2 68744 2025-01-27 Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study 34c182010080746a0cc10e1afab6ae62 Jingwei Gao Jingwei Gao true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false 2025-01-27 MEDS Objective: To describe the incidence and key demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of individuals with liver disease in Wales. Design and setting: This study is designed as a retrospective observational study that linked data of anonymised identified individuals from primary, secondary care and mortality data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales. Participants: All Welsh residents who registered with a SAIL-contributing general practitioner (GP) and diagnosed with liver disease from 2004 to 2022. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Our primary outcome is the annual age-standardised incidence rate of liver disease. Secondary outcome is the numbers and frequencies of underlying aetiology and the associated comorbidities. Results: Between 2004 and 2022, 111 098 individuals received a diagnosis of liver disease in Wales and were included in this study. The incidence of liver disease increased threefold during the study period (97.7 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2004 to 316.2 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2022). A total of 79 992 individuals (72%) entered the cohort with the underlying aetiology of liver disease, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, metabolic, haemochromatosis and autoimmune liver diseases. NAFLD has contributed to most of the change in incidence. Conclusions: We observed increasing incidence rates of liver disease in Wales, with NAFLD showing a particularly sharp increase and frequently identified as an underlying condition. A better understanding of the incidence of liver disease is the first step towards effective prevention, early detection and targeted intervention to improve patient outcomes. Journal Article BMJ Open 15 2 e093335 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2044-6055 2044-6055 10 2 2025 2025-02-10 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093335 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The Liver Disease Cymru Partnership (LDCP) receives a grant from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR154876). This project was partly funded by an unrestricted grant from the Liver Disease Implementation Group, Welsh Government (LDIG-22-19). 2025-02-17T15:06:49.9508444 2025-01-27T11:04:57.0045000 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Jingwei Gao 1 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 2 Haroon Ahmed 3 Aled Davies 4 Andrew Yeoman 5 Thomas Peter Ignatius Pembroke 6 68744__33605__201b5ace55174142a674970c4de3caca.pdf 68744.VOR.pdf 2025-02-17T15:02:55.7312949 Output 1349744 application/pdf Version of Record true © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
spellingShingle Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
Jingwei Gao
Ashley Akbari
title_short Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
title_full Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
title_fullStr Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
title_full_unstemmed Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
title_sort Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004–2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study
author_id_str_mv 34c182010080746a0cc10e1afab6ae62
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52
author_id_fullname_str_mv 34c182010080746a0cc10e1afab6ae62_***_Jingwei Gao
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
author Jingwei Gao
Ashley Akbari
author2 Jingwei Gao
Ashley Akbari
Haroon Ahmed
Aled Davies
Andrew Yeoman
Thomas Peter Ignatius Pembroke
format Journal article
container_title BMJ Open
container_volume 15
container_issue 2
container_start_page e093335
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2044-6055
2044-6055
doi_str_mv 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093335
publisher BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
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description Objective: To describe the incidence and key demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of individuals with liver disease in Wales. Design and setting: This study is designed as a retrospective observational study that linked data of anonymised identified individuals from primary, secondary care and mortality data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales. Participants: All Welsh residents who registered with a SAIL-contributing general practitioner (GP) and diagnosed with liver disease from 2004 to 2022. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Our primary outcome is the annual age-standardised incidence rate of liver disease. Secondary outcome is the numbers and frequencies of underlying aetiology and the associated comorbidities. Results: Between 2004 and 2022, 111 098 individuals received a diagnosis of liver disease in Wales and were included in this study. The incidence of liver disease increased threefold during the study period (97.7 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2004 to 316.2 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2022). A total of 79 992 individuals (72%) entered the cohort with the underlying aetiology of liver disease, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, metabolic, haemochromatosis and autoimmune liver diseases. NAFLD has contributed to most of the change in incidence. Conclusions: We observed increasing incidence rates of liver disease in Wales, with NAFLD showing a particularly sharp increase and frequently identified as an underlying condition. A better understanding of the incidence of liver disease is the first step towards effective prevention, early detection and targeted intervention to improve patient outcomes.
published_date 2025-02-10T12:18:45Z
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