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Discontinuation of anticoagulants and occurrence of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist users with a life-limiting disease

Eva Kempers Orcid Logo, Chantal Visser Orcid Logo, Eric Geijteman, Jamilla Goedegebuur, Johanneke Portielje, Mette Søgaard, Anne Ording, Carline van den Dries, Denise Abbel, GJ Geersing, Sarah Aldridge, Kate Lifford, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Sjef van de Leur, Melchior Nierman Orcid Logo, Isabelle Mahé Orcid Logo, Simon Mooijaart, Sebastian Szmit, Michelle Edwards, Simon Noble, Frederikus A. Klok Orcid Logo, Qingui Chen, Suzanne C Cannegieter, Marieke J.H.A. Kruip

Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Swansea University Authors: Sarah Aldridge, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1055/a-2524-5334

Abstract

Background: Data on risks and benefits of long-term anticoagulants in patients with a life-limiting disease are limited. This cohort study aims to describe (dis)continuation of anticoagulants and incidences of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist (VKA) users with a life-limitin...

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Published in: Thrombosis and Haemostasis
ISSN: 0340-6245 2567-689X
Published: Georg Thieme Verlag KG 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68874
Abstract: Background: Data on risks and benefits of long-term anticoagulants in patients with a life-limiting disease are limited. This cohort study aims to describe (dis)continuation of anticoagulants and incidences of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist (VKA) users with a life-limiting disease. Methods: Data from five Dutch anticoagulation clinics were linked to data from Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Cancer registry. Prevalent VKA users diagnosed with a pre-specified life-limiting disease between 01/01/2013 and 31/12/2019 were included and followed until 31/12/2019. Hospitalization data were used to identify bleeding and thromboembolic events. Cumulative incidences of anticoagulant discontinuation were calculated, accounting for death as competing risk, and event rates were determined for both anticoagulant exposed and unexposed person-years (PYs). Results: Among 18,145 VKA users (median age 81 years, 49% females, median survival time 2.03 years), the most common life-limiting diseases were heart disease (60.0%), hip fracture (18.1%), and cancer (13.5%). One year after diagnosis, the cumulative incidence of anticoagulant discontinuation was 14.0% (95%CI: 13.5-14.6). Over 80% of patients continued anticoagulant therapy until the last month before death, with median 14 days between discontinuation and death. Event rates per 100 PYs (95%CI) were comparable during anticoagulant use and after discontinuation for bleeding 2.6 (2.4-2.8) versus 2.1 (1.5-2.8); venous thromboembolism 0.2 (0.1-0.2) versus 0.4 (0.2-0.7); and arterial thromboembolism 3.1 (2.9-3.3) versus 3.3 (2.6-4.2). Conclusion: Most VKA users with a life-limiting disease continued anticoagulant treatment during their last phase of life, with similar rates of bleeding and thromboembolic events during use and after discontinuation.
Keywords: Anticoagulants, Deprescriptions, Thromboembolism, Hemorrhage, Advance Care Planning
College: Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Funders: This study was supported by United Kingdom Research and Innovation, 10038000,10039823, European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation, 101057292

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