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Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier

Camila Martínez-Toledo, Gonzalo Valdes-Vidal Orcid Logo, Alejandra Calabi-Floody, María Eugenia González, Antonieta Ruiz, Cristian Mignolet-Garrido, Jose Norambuena-Contreras Orcid Logo

Materials Today Sustainability, Volume: 30, Start page: 101087

Swansea University Author: Jose Norambuena-Contreras Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101087

Abstract

This paper evaluated the impact of operational conditions during slow pyrolysis on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of biochar derived from European hazelnut shells (BH), with the aim of assessing its potential as a modifier for asphalt binder. The study employed a 22 factorial design...

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Published in: Materials Today Sustainability
ISSN: 2589-2347
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68977
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The study employed a 22 factorial design with a central point, using pyrolysis temperature (300 &#xB0;C, 425 &#xB0;C, and 550 &#xB0;C) and residence time (1, 2, and 3 h) as study factors to produce BH. Firstly, the chemical, physical and antioxidant properties of European hazelnut shell (HS) and BH samples were compared in terms of their chemical composition, microscopic-morphology, and antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the thermal behaviour of HS was analysed. Asphalt binders were blended with 5% biochar (w/w) to assess particle distribution using confocal laser microscopy. Functional groups were also evaluated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results conclude that the operational conditions of slow pyrolysis significantly affect the chemical composition of biochar from European hazelnut shells, influencing the functional groups present on the asphalt surface. These conditions also influence the microstructure, increasing porosity and rugosity at higher temperatures and longer residence times. HS exhibited high antioxidant capacity, retaining up to 40% of it in the biochar when pyrolyzed at 300 &#xB0;C for 1 h. Confocal laser microscopy showed uniform distribution of biochar in the asphalt binder. FT-IR and XPS tests revealed chemical interactions between the biochar and binder, characterized by bonds involving C, O, and H, particularly in biochar pyrolyzed at 300 &#xB0;C and 550 &#xB0;C for 1 h. 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spelling 2025-03-21T11:09:02.8812452 v2 68977 2025-02-27 Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier 73c6854ebb10465fbf7faab297135641 0000-0001-8327-2236 Jose Norambuena-Contreras Jose Norambuena-Contreras true false 2025-02-27 ACEM This paper evaluated the impact of operational conditions during slow pyrolysis on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of biochar derived from European hazelnut shells (BH), with the aim of assessing its potential as a modifier for asphalt binder. The study employed a 22 factorial design with a central point, using pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 425 °C, and 550 °C) and residence time (1, 2, and 3 h) as study factors to produce BH. Firstly, the chemical, physical and antioxidant properties of European hazelnut shell (HS) and BH samples were compared in terms of their chemical composition, microscopic-morphology, and antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the thermal behaviour of HS was analysed. Asphalt binders were blended with 5% biochar (w/w) to assess particle distribution using confocal laser microscopy. Functional groups were also evaluated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results conclude that the operational conditions of slow pyrolysis significantly affect the chemical composition of biochar from European hazelnut shells, influencing the functional groups present on the asphalt surface. These conditions also influence the microstructure, increasing porosity and rugosity at higher temperatures and longer residence times. HS exhibited high antioxidant capacity, retaining up to 40% of it in the biochar when pyrolyzed at 300 °C for 1 h. Confocal laser microscopy showed uniform distribution of biochar in the asphalt binder. FT-IR and XPS tests revealed chemical interactions between the biochar and binder, characterized by bonds involving C, O, and H, particularly in biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 550 °C for 1 h. The results of this study demonstrate that biochar derived from the slow pyrolysis of European hazelnut shell has the potential to be used as a bio-additive for the development of more sustainable asphalt roads. Journal Article Materials Today Sustainability 30 101087 Elsevier BV 2589-2347 Pyrolysis; Biochar; European hazelnut shell; Asphalt binder 1 6 2025 2025-06-01 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101087 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This research was funded by the National Research and Development Agency (ANID) of the Chilean Government, through ANID/FONDECYT Regular Research Project 2023 No 1230035. 2025-03-21T11:09:02.8812452 2025-02-27T08:17:21.1852761 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering Camila Martínez-Toledo 1 Gonzalo Valdes-Vidal 0000-0001-7835-3226 2 Alejandra Calabi-Floody 3 María Eugenia González 4 Antonieta Ruiz 5 Cristian Mignolet-Garrido 6 Jose Norambuena-Contreras 0000-0001-8327-2236 7 68977__33689__1b13ce7e38a249c9a57c45b699b66419.pdf 68977.pdf 2025-02-27T08:22:21.2263914 Output 13920515 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/
title Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier
spellingShingle Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier
Jose Norambuena-Contreras
title_short Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier
title_full Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier
title_fullStr Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier
title_full_unstemmed Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier
title_sort Optimising slow pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar European hazelnut shell as a biobased asphalt modifier
author_id_str_mv 73c6854ebb10465fbf7faab297135641
author_id_fullname_str_mv 73c6854ebb10465fbf7faab297135641_***_Jose Norambuena-Contreras
author Jose Norambuena-Contreras
author2 Camila Martínez-Toledo
Gonzalo Valdes-Vidal
Alejandra Calabi-Floody
María Eugenia González
Antonieta Ruiz
Cristian Mignolet-Garrido
Jose Norambuena-Contreras
format Journal article
container_title Materials Today Sustainability
container_volume 30
container_start_page 101087
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2589-2347
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101087
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description This paper evaluated the impact of operational conditions during slow pyrolysis on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of biochar derived from European hazelnut shells (BH), with the aim of assessing its potential as a modifier for asphalt binder. The study employed a 22 factorial design with a central point, using pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 425 °C, and 550 °C) and residence time (1, 2, and 3 h) as study factors to produce BH. Firstly, the chemical, physical and antioxidant properties of European hazelnut shell (HS) and BH samples were compared in terms of their chemical composition, microscopic-morphology, and antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the thermal behaviour of HS was analysed. Asphalt binders were blended with 5% biochar (w/w) to assess particle distribution using confocal laser microscopy. Functional groups were also evaluated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results conclude that the operational conditions of slow pyrolysis significantly affect the chemical composition of biochar from European hazelnut shells, influencing the functional groups present on the asphalt surface. These conditions also influence the microstructure, increasing porosity and rugosity at higher temperatures and longer residence times. HS exhibited high antioxidant capacity, retaining up to 40% of it in the biochar when pyrolyzed at 300 °C for 1 h. Confocal laser microscopy showed uniform distribution of biochar in the asphalt binder. FT-IR and XPS tests revealed chemical interactions between the biochar and binder, characterized by bonds involving C, O, and H, particularly in biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 550 °C for 1 h. The results of this study demonstrate that biochar derived from the slow pyrolysis of European hazelnut shell has the potential to be used as a bio-additive for the development of more sustainable asphalt roads.
published_date 2025-06-01T05:23:25Z
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