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Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes

NIALL FIFE, ALEXANDRA SHAW, Georgina Kate Stebbings, Marie Chollier, Luke Cox Orcid Logo, Andrew Harvey Orcid Logo, Alun Gwen Williams, Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo

European Journal of Sport Science, Volume: 25, Issue: 5

Swansea University Authors: NIALL FIFE, ALEXANDRA SHAW, Luke Cox Orcid Logo, Andrew Harvey Orcid Logo, Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/ejsc.12300

Abstract

There have been limited studies allowing key stakeholders the opportunity to voice their opinions on DSD athlete participation in elite sport. The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed natio...

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Published in: European Journal of Sport Science
ISSN: 1746-1391 1536-7290
Published: Wiley 2025
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69231
first_indexed 2025-04-07T08:49:00Z
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The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed national, elite and world class athletes (n = 147) competing in the female category regarding their opinions on the eligibility of DSD athletes in elite sport. The study compared current and retired Olympic sport athletes, elite versus world class athletes and current Olympic sport versus current Olympic&#x2010;recognised sport athletes. Most athletes believed that it was an unethical requirement to medicate in order to comply with eligibility regulations (67.2%). Overall, athletes did not support a separate category for DSD athletes, an opinion most strongly held for precision sports (69.5%) and a majority believed their participation in the female category was fair (54.4%, precision sports). This opinion was more commonly held by Olympic recognised sport than current Olympic sport athletes, particularly for sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (61.1% vs. 20%). More current Olympic sport athletes believed that the eligibility of DSD athletes for the female category was unfair, compared to Olympic&#x2010;recognised sport athletes. Athletes agreed that sports federations could be doing more to make sport more inclusive for DSD athletes (82.2%), with only 8.2% believing such athletes were treated fairly. 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spelling 2025-05-19T12:27:32.5737524 v2 69231 2025-04-07 Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes a098adf89132518861922904303ef579 NIALL FIFE NIALL FIFE true false 4d21982b5f4d642cc12a58f6e7701df1 ALEXANDRA SHAW ALEXANDRA SHAW true false 9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d 0000-0001-7625-4603 Luke Cox Luke Cox true false 3c464ab4b255dab5d96eee5ec26fe09c 0000-0003-1307-0326 Andrew Harvey Andrew Harvey true false 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807 0000-0002-3297-9335 Shane Heffernan Shane Heffernan true false 2025-04-07 There have been limited studies allowing key stakeholders the opportunity to voice their opinions on DSD athlete participation in elite sport. The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed national, elite and world class athletes (n = 147) competing in the female category regarding their opinions on the eligibility of DSD athletes in elite sport. The study compared current and retired Olympic sport athletes, elite versus world class athletes and current Olympic sport versus current Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Most athletes believed that it was an unethical requirement to medicate in order to comply with eligibility regulations (67.2%). Overall, athletes did not support a separate category for DSD athletes, an opinion most strongly held for precision sports (69.5%) and a majority believed their participation in the female category was fair (54.4%, precision sports). This opinion was more commonly held by Olympic recognised sport than current Olympic sport athletes, particularly for sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (61.1% vs. 20%). More current Olympic sport athletes believed that the eligibility of DSD athletes for the female category was unfair, compared to Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Athletes agreed that sports federations could be doing more to make sport more inclusive for DSD athletes (82.2%), with only 8.2% believing such athletes were treated fairly. After reviewing these novel results, the athletes' voice (in combination with scientific evidence) should be utilised to create appropriate policies that align with the collective values of athletes. Journal Article European Journal of Sport Science 25 5 Wiley 1746-1391 1536-7290 competition; ethics; policy; sociology 1 5 2025 2025-05-01 10.1002/ejsc.12300 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University 2025-05-19T12:27:32.5737524 2025-04-07T09:43:26.4660843 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences NIALL FIFE 1 ALEXANDRA SHAW 2 Georgina Kate Stebbings 3 Marie Chollier 4 Luke Cox 0000-0001-7625-4603 5 Andrew Harvey 0000-0003-1307-0326 6 Alun Gwen Williams 7 Shane Heffernan 0000-0002-3297-9335 8 69231__34071__d669d1802db04d0b851342448c1e94c1.pdf 69231.pdf 2025-04-23T16:00:14.8269205 Output 757630 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
spellingShingle Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
NIALL FIFE
ALEXANDRA SHAW
Luke Cox
Andrew Harvey
Shane Heffernan
title_short Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_full Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_fullStr Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_full_unstemmed Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_sort Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
author_id_str_mv a098adf89132518861922904303ef579
4d21982b5f4d642cc12a58f6e7701df1
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author_id_fullname_str_mv a098adf89132518861922904303ef579_***_NIALL FIFE
4d21982b5f4d642cc12a58f6e7701df1_***_ALEXANDRA SHAW
9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d_***_Luke Cox
3c464ab4b255dab5d96eee5ec26fe09c_***_Andrew Harvey
72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807_***_Shane Heffernan
author NIALL FIFE
ALEXANDRA SHAW
Luke Cox
Andrew Harvey
Shane Heffernan
author2 NIALL FIFE
ALEXANDRA SHAW
Georgina Kate Stebbings
Marie Chollier
Luke Cox
Andrew Harvey
Alun Gwen Williams
Shane Heffernan
format Journal article
container_title European Journal of Sport Science
container_volume 25
container_issue 5
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 1746-1391
1536-7290
doi_str_mv 10.1002/ejsc.12300
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description There have been limited studies allowing key stakeholders the opportunity to voice their opinions on DSD athlete participation in elite sport. The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed national, elite and world class athletes (n = 147) competing in the female category regarding their opinions on the eligibility of DSD athletes in elite sport. The study compared current and retired Olympic sport athletes, elite versus world class athletes and current Olympic sport versus current Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Most athletes believed that it was an unethical requirement to medicate in order to comply with eligibility regulations (67.2%). Overall, athletes did not support a separate category for DSD athletes, an opinion most strongly held for precision sports (69.5%) and a majority believed their participation in the female category was fair (54.4%, precision sports). This opinion was more commonly held by Olympic recognised sport than current Olympic sport athletes, particularly for sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (61.1% vs. 20%). More current Olympic sport athletes believed that the eligibility of DSD athletes for the female category was unfair, compared to Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Athletes agreed that sports federations could be doing more to make sport more inclusive for DSD athletes (82.2%), with only 8.2% believing such athletes were treated fairly. After reviewing these novel results, the athletes' voice (in combination with scientific evidence) should be utilised to create appropriate policies that align with the collective values of athletes.
published_date 2025-05-01T12:32:12Z
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