Journal article 243 views 51 downloads
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity
Mustapha Touray 
,
Harun Cimen,
Sebnem H. Gulsen,
Derya Ulug,
Dolunay Erdogus,
David Shapiro-Ilan,
Selcuk Hazir
,
Harun Cimen,
Sebnem H. Gulsen,
Derya Ulug,
Dolunay Erdogus,
David Shapiro-Ilan,
Selcuk Hazir
Journal of Nematology, Volume: 53, Issue: 1, Pages: 1 - 17
Swansea University Author:
Mustapha Touray
-
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© 2021 Authors. This is an Open Access article licensed under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license.
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DOI (Published version): 10.21307/jofnem-2021-049
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to the genera, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, occur naturally in the soil along with plant-parasitic nematodes which are important root pests of many different crops. Here, we report the effects of four registered nematicidal compounds (fluopyram, fosthi...
| Published in: | Journal of Nematology |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 2640-396X |
| Published: |
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
2021
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| Online Access: |
Check full text
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69473 |
| first_indexed |
2025-05-08T22:02:03Z |
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| last_indexed |
2025-06-17T05:23:42Z |
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Here, we report the effects of four registered nematicidal compounds (fluopyram, fosthiazate, metam potassium, and fenamiphos) that are used for the control of PPNs on the survival, virulence, penetration efficiency, and reproduction of S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora. Despite previous studies warning of the impact of nematicidal compounds on IJ survival and infectivity, none have assessed their impact on EPN chemotaxis, penetration into and reproduction in insect host or conducted longer term soil assays. Survival of EPNs, based on observing IJ movement under a stereomicroscope after incubation in different concentrations of nematicides, showed that ≥ 80% of both nematode species were killed by fosthiazate, fenamiphos and metam potassium within 24 h. The recommended concentration of fluopyram killed 33% of H. bacteriophora, and 28% of S. carpocapsae after 48 h exposure. IJs exposed to the nematicides were less virulent against Galleria mellonella larvae in sand bioassay to non-treated IJs as significantly more control IJs of both EPN species penetrated their insect host (~47% of IJs added) than IJs exposed to fluopyram and fosthiazate; and the number of IJ progeny emerging from these controls was significantly higher than the number of IJ progeny emerging from IJs treated with the nematicidal compounds. In a highly novel discovery, the chemotaxis experiments using Pluronic F-127 gel indicated that H. bacteriophora were repelled from nematicide-treated environments. Moreover, IJs of both species added to treated natural loamy-clay soil at 5-day-intervals for 30 days post application of nematicides were generally unable to induce G. mellonella mortality, except for S. carpocapsae IJs added to fosthiazate-treated soil. Overall, our study indicates that there were detrimental effects of the nematicides on EPN IJs in treated soil. Therefore, overlap in timing for control of PPNs and the use of EPNs for biological insect control must be avoided. Future studies should assess the optimization of timing for nematicides use and survival and infectivity of IJs in the soil.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Nematology</journal><volume>53</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>1</paginationStart><paginationEnd>17</paginationEnd><publisher>Walter de Gruyter GmbH</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2640-396X</issnElectronic><keywords>Chemotaxis, Entomopathogenic Nematode, Fluopyram, Fosthiazate, Heterorhabditis, Metam Potassium, Plant-parasitic nematodes, Steinernema</keywords><publishedDay>2</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-06-02</publishedDate><doi>10.21307/jofnem-2021-049</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences Geography and Physics School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BGPS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>No funds were received for this study</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-06-16T13:16:44.7247040</lastEdited><Created>2025-05-08T22:55:21.4582797</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Mustapha</firstname><surname>Touray</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9550-0782</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Harun</firstname><surname>Cimen</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Sebnem H.</firstname><surname>Gulsen</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Derya</firstname><surname>Ulug</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Dolunay</firstname><surname>Erdogus</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Shapiro-Ilan</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Selcuk</firstname><surname>Hazir</surname><order>7</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>69473__34485__e227c9f74f7041deb074ccf3ce344330.pdf</filename><originalFilename>69473.VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2025-06-16T13:14:37.1140857</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1771924</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2021 Authors. 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| spelling |
2025-06-16T13:16:44.7247040 v2 69473 2025-05-08 The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity 525f9e9af0d60813fdaee65dc0cb7cdf 0000-0002-9550-0782 Mustapha Touray Mustapha Touray true false 2025-05-08 BGPS Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to the genera, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, occur naturally in the soil along with plant-parasitic nematodes which are important root pests of many different crops. Here, we report the effects of four registered nematicidal compounds (fluopyram, fosthiazate, metam potassium, and fenamiphos) that are used for the control of PPNs on the survival, virulence, penetration efficiency, and reproduction of S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora. Despite previous studies warning of the impact of nematicidal compounds on IJ survival and infectivity, none have assessed their impact on EPN chemotaxis, penetration into and reproduction in insect host or conducted longer term soil assays. Survival of EPNs, based on observing IJ movement under a stereomicroscope after incubation in different concentrations of nematicides, showed that ≥ 80% of both nematode species were killed by fosthiazate, fenamiphos and metam potassium within 24 h. The recommended concentration of fluopyram killed 33% of H. bacteriophora, and 28% of S. carpocapsae after 48 h exposure. IJs exposed to the nematicides were less virulent against Galleria mellonella larvae in sand bioassay to non-treated IJs as significantly more control IJs of both EPN species penetrated their insect host (~47% of IJs added) than IJs exposed to fluopyram and fosthiazate; and the number of IJ progeny emerging from these controls was significantly higher than the number of IJ progeny emerging from IJs treated with the nematicidal compounds. In a highly novel discovery, the chemotaxis experiments using Pluronic F-127 gel indicated that H. bacteriophora were repelled from nematicide-treated environments. Moreover, IJs of both species added to treated natural loamy-clay soil at 5-day-intervals for 30 days post application of nematicides were generally unable to induce G. mellonella mortality, except for S. carpocapsae IJs added to fosthiazate-treated soil. Overall, our study indicates that there were detrimental effects of the nematicides on EPN IJs in treated soil. Therefore, overlap in timing for control of PPNs and the use of EPNs for biological insect control must be avoided. Future studies should assess the optimization of timing for nematicides use and survival and infectivity of IJs in the soil. Journal Article Journal of Nematology 53 1 1 17 Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2640-396X Chemotaxis, Entomopathogenic Nematode, Fluopyram, Fosthiazate, Heterorhabditis, Metam Potassium, Plant-parasitic nematodes, Steinernema 2 6 2021 2021-06-02 10.21307/jofnem-2021-049 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University No funds were received for this study 2025-06-16T13:16:44.7247040 2025-05-08T22:55:21.4582797 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Mustapha Touray 0000-0002-9550-0782 1 Harun Cimen 2 Sebnem H. Gulsen 3 Derya Ulug 4 Dolunay Erdogus 5 David Shapiro-Ilan 6 Selcuk Hazir 7 69473__34485__e227c9f74f7041deb074ccf3ce344330.pdf 69473.VoR.pdf 2025-06-16T13:14:37.1140857 Output 1771924 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 Authors. This is an Open Access article licensed under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| title |
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity |
| spellingShingle |
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity Mustapha Touray |
| title_short |
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity |
| title_full |
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity |
| title_fullStr |
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity |
| title_sort |
The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity |
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525f9e9af0d60813fdaee65dc0cb7cdf |
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525f9e9af0d60813fdaee65dc0cb7cdf_***_Mustapha Touray |
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Mustapha Touray |
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Mustapha Touray Harun Cimen Sebnem H. Gulsen Derya Ulug Dolunay Erdogus David Shapiro-Ilan Selcuk Hazir |
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Journal of Nematology |
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10.21307/jofnem-2021-049 |
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Walter de Gruyter GmbH |
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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to the genera, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, occur naturally in the soil along with plant-parasitic nematodes which are important root pests of many different crops. Here, we report the effects of four registered nematicidal compounds (fluopyram, fosthiazate, metam potassium, and fenamiphos) that are used for the control of PPNs on the survival, virulence, penetration efficiency, and reproduction of S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora. Despite previous studies warning of the impact of nematicidal compounds on IJ survival and infectivity, none have assessed their impact on EPN chemotaxis, penetration into and reproduction in insect host or conducted longer term soil assays. Survival of EPNs, based on observing IJ movement under a stereomicroscope after incubation in different concentrations of nematicides, showed that ≥ 80% of both nematode species were killed by fosthiazate, fenamiphos and metam potassium within 24 h. The recommended concentration of fluopyram killed 33% of H. bacteriophora, and 28% of S. carpocapsae after 48 h exposure. IJs exposed to the nematicides were less virulent against Galleria mellonella larvae in sand bioassay to non-treated IJs as significantly more control IJs of both EPN species penetrated their insect host (~47% of IJs added) than IJs exposed to fluopyram and fosthiazate; and the number of IJ progeny emerging from these controls was significantly higher than the number of IJ progeny emerging from IJs treated with the nematicidal compounds. In a highly novel discovery, the chemotaxis experiments using Pluronic F-127 gel indicated that H. bacteriophora were repelled from nematicide-treated environments. Moreover, IJs of both species added to treated natural loamy-clay soil at 5-day-intervals for 30 days post application of nematicides were generally unable to induce G. mellonella mortality, except for S. carpocapsae IJs added to fosthiazate-treated soil. Overall, our study indicates that there were detrimental effects of the nematicides on EPN IJs in treated soil. Therefore, overlap in timing for control of PPNs and the use of EPNs for biological insect control must be avoided. Future studies should assess the optimization of timing for nematicides use and survival and infectivity of IJs in the soil. |
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2021-06-02T07:39:05Z |
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11.08895 |