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The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study

Fadi Baghdadi, Christopher Hands, Ann John Orcid Logo, Ashra Khanom, Mary Elizabeth Rauktis, Abdellah Soussi, Helen Snooks Orcid Logo

Child Protection and Practice, Volume: 5, Start page: 100192

Swansea University Authors: Fadi Baghdadi, Ann John Orcid Logo, Ashra Khanom, Helen Snooks Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100192

Abstract

Background: The high number of children living in institutions in Morocco is driven by complex socio-economic, cultural, and historical factors, with limited alternative care and research to inform interventions. Objective: To understand the socio-ecological factors contributing to child institution...

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Published in: Child Protection and Practice
ISSN: 2950-1938
Published: Elsevier Inc. 2025
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Objective: To understand the socio-ecological factors contributing to child institutionalisation and explore the potential for foster care as an alternative in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. Participants and setting: Nine boys and eight girls living in two institutions, and 10 fathers and 17 mothers of children at risk of entering institutions in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. Methods: A total of five focus groups with children and parents to explore the causes and consequences of institutionalisation and perceptions of foster care. Children created issue trees to facilitate focus group discussion. Data were coded and interpretated by a team of three researchers to extract meaningful insights and patterns. We used the socio-ecological model for analysis and to understand the interplay between family dynamics, economic conditions, societal norms, and cultural beliefs on child institutionalisation. Findings: Key drivers of institutionalisation include poverty, neglect, hostile home environments, family breakdown, and societal stigma. Despite some hesitancy, by children and parents, the concept of foster care emerged as a viable alternative. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for interventions at multiple ecological levels, including low-cost improvements to institutional care and transitional support, alongside broader legal reforms, the strengthening of social services, and community-based programmes. 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spelling 2025-06-25T10:43:53.3920970 v2 69643 2025-06-06 The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study eba9bb478b589955aa9e749a0f0e7186 Fadi Baghdadi Fadi Baghdadi true false ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 0000-0002-5657-6995 Ann John Ann John true false 1f0f14742e3a36e8fd6d29f59374a009 Ashra Khanom Ashra Khanom true false ab23c5e0111b88427a155a1f495861d9 0000-0003-0173-8843 Helen Snooks Helen Snooks true false 2025-06-06 MEDS Background: The high number of children living in institutions in Morocco is driven by complex socio-economic, cultural, and historical factors, with limited alternative care and research to inform interventions. Objective: To understand the socio-ecological factors contributing to child institutionalisation and explore the potential for foster care as an alternative in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. Participants and setting: Nine boys and eight girls living in two institutions, and 10 fathers and 17 mothers of children at risk of entering institutions in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. Methods: A total of five focus groups with children and parents to explore the causes and consequences of institutionalisation and perceptions of foster care. Children created issue trees to facilitate focus group discussion. Data were coded and interpretated by a team of three researchers to extract meaningful insights and patterns. We used the socio-ecological model for analysis and to understand the interplay between family dynamics, economic conditions, societal norms, and cultural beliefs on child institutionalisation. Findings: Key drivers of institutionalisation include poverty, neglect, hostile home environments, family breakdown, and societal stigma. Despite some hesitancy, by children and parents, the concept of foster care emerged as a viable alternative. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for interventions at multiple ecological levels, including low-cost improvements to institutional care and transitional support, alongside broader legal reforms, the strengthening of social services, and community-based programmes. Foster care has potential as an alternative, but its success depends on legislation and active community engagement. Journal Article Child Protection and Practice 5 100192 Elsevier Inc. 2950-1938 Child institutionalization; Child protection; Foster care; Morocco; Socio-ecological model; Qualitative research 1 7 2025 2025-07-01 10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100192 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Other This research was supported by the United Kingdom Research and Innovation’s (UKRI) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF). 2025-06-25T10:43:53.3920970 2025-06-06T13:49:36.3053753 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Fadi Baghdadi 1 Christopher Hands 2 Ann John 0000-0002-5657-6995 3 Ashra Khanom 4 Mary Elizabeth Rauktis 5 Abdellah Soussi 6 Helen Snooks 0000-0003-0173-8843 7 69643__34577__c457772456cb440baaa34f3ee02bc435.pdf 69643.VOR.pdf 2025-06-25T10:40:41.5214982 Output 5494322 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study
spellingShingle The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study
Fadi Baghdadi
Ann John
Ashra Khanom
Helen Snooks
title_short The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study
title_full The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study
title_fullStr The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study
title_sort The socio-ecology of child institutionalisation and foster care in Souss Massa, Morocco: a qualitative study
author_id_str_mv eba9bb478b589955aa9e749a0f0e7186
ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55
1f0f14742e3a36e8fd6d29f59374a009
ab23c5e0111b88427a155a1f495861d9
author_id_fullname_str_mv eba9bb478b589955aa9e749a0f0e7186_***_Fadi Baghdadi
ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55_***_Ann John
1f0f14742e3a36e8fd6d29f59374a009_***_Ashra Khanom
ab23c5e0111b88427a155a1f495861d9_***_Helen Snooks
author Fadi Baghdadi
Ann John
Ashra Khanom
Helen Snooks
author2 Fadi Baghdadi
Christopher Hands
Ann John
Ashra Khanom
Mary Elizabeth Rauktis
Abdellah Soussi
Helen Snooks
format Journal article
container_title Child Protection and Practice
container_volume 5
container_start_page 100192
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2950-1938
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100192
publisher Elsevier Inc.
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: The high number of children living in institutions in Morocco is driven by complex socio-economic, cultural, and historical factors, with limited alternative care and research to inform interventions. Objective: To understand the socio-ecological factors contributing to child institutionalisation and explore the potential for foster care as an alternative in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. Participants and setting: Nine boys and eight girls living in two institutions, and 10 fathers and 17 mothers of children at risk of entering institutions in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. Methods: A total of five focus groups with children and parents to explore the causes and consequences of institutionalisation and perceptions of foster care. Children created issue trees to facilitate focus group discussion. Data were coded and interpretated by a team of three researchers to extract meaningful insights and patterns. We used the socio-ecological model for analysis and to understand the interplay between family dynamics, economic conditions, societal norms, and cultural beliefs on child institutionalisation. Findings: Key drivers of institutionalisation include poverty, neglect, hostile home environments, family breakdown, and societal stigma. Despite some hesitancy, by children and parents, the concept of foster care emerged as a viable alternative. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for interventions at multiple ecological levels, including low-cost improvements to institutional care and transitional support, alongside broader legal reforms, the strengthening of social services, and community-based programmes. Foster care has potential as an alternative, but its success depends on legislation and active community engagement.
published_date 2025-07-01T10:00:05Z
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score 10.971644

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