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Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid

Manjeet Kumari, Pradeep Kaswan, Manjeet Kumar, Roland Lewis, Hakan F Oztop, Nirmal Singh, Adebowale Martins Obalalu, Mukesh Pushkarna, Milkias Berhanu

Scientific Reports, Volume: 15, Start page: 18840

Swansea University Author: Roland Lewis

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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41598-025-97275-x

Abstract

This study examines the characteristics of seismic wave reflection and wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) in an unsaturated porous solid half-space confined beneath an impermeable plane surface. We first present the field equations and constitutive relations for partially saturated porous media. Next, w...

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Published in: Scientific Reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Published: Springer Nature 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69725
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spelling 2025-06-12T12:53:42.0397447 v2 69725 2025-06-12 Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid 4f3ca2b9cb672204792434f69a790f21 Roland Lewis Roland Lewis true false 2025-06-12 This study examines the characteristics of seismic wave reflection and wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) in an unsaturated porous solid half-space confined beneath an impermeable plane surface. We first present the field equations and constitutive relations for partially saturated porous media. Next, we solve these equations in terms of the Christoffel equations, thereby addressing the propagation of a four-plane harmonic wave. These waves propagate as inhomogeneous waves at stress-free, impermeable boundary surfaces due to the medium's dissipative properties. Furthermore, we compute the reflection coefficients from stress-free impervious boundary surfaces at arbitrary angles. The incidence of the P1/SV wave generates four reflected waves. The calculation of theoretical formulations for reflection coefficients involves a set of four non-homogeneous linear equations derived from boundary conditions. Subsequently, these reflection coefficients are utilized to calculate the WIFF and the partitioning of incident energy at the impervious boundary of the porous solid. A numerical example is considered to investigate the effects of wave frequency, incidence direction, and elastic parameters such as porosity, inclusion radius, and liquid saturation on energy partitioning and wave-induced fluid flow. The conservation of incident energy has been confirmed at every angle of incidence. The numerical results demonstrate a significant dependence of energy shares of distinct reflected waves on the incident direction, saturation, porosity, inclusion radius, wave frequency, and WIFF. This theoretical study serves as a valuable tool for subsurface reservoir characterization, with applications in hydrocarbon exploration, CO2 sequestration monitoring, and other geological engineering fields. Journal Article Scientific Reports 15 18840 Springer Nature 2045-2322 Partially saturated; Porous; Wave-induced fluid flow; Inhomogeneous; Reflection 29 5 2025 2025-05-29 10.1038/s41598-025-97275-x COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2025-06-12T12:53:42.0397447 2025-06-12T10:46:59.6506312 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering Manjeet Kumari 1 Pradeep Kaswan 2 Manjeet Kumar 3 Roland Lewis 4 Hakan F Oztop 5 Nirmal Singh 6 Adebowale Martins Obalalu 7 Mukesh Pushkarna 8 Milkias Berhanu 9 69725__34464__538b6017cbdf4a3aacd757f1ca8087db.pdf 69725.VOR.pdf 2025-06-12T12:50:35.3213601 Output 7158357 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid
spellingShingle Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid
Roland Lewis
title_short Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid
title_full Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid
title_fullStr Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid
title_full_unstemmed Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid
title_sort Seismic wave reflection characteristics and wave-induced fluid flow in unsaturated porous solid
author_id_str_mv 4f3ca2b9cb672204792434f69a790f21
author_id_fullname_str_mv 4f3ca2b9cb672204792434f69a790f21_***_Roland Lewis
author Roland Lewis
author2 Manjeet Kumari
Pradeep Kaswan
Manjeet Kumar
Roland Lewis
Hakan F Oztop
Nirmal Singh
Adebowale Martins Obalalu
Mukesh Pushkarna
Milkias Berhanu
format Journal article
container_title Scientific Reports
container_volume 15
container_start_page 18840
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2045-2322
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-025-97275-x
publisher Springer Nature
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering
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description This study examines the characteristics of seismic wave reflection and wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) in an unsaturated porous solid half-space confined beneath an impermeable plane surface. We first present the field equations and constitutive relations for partially saturated porous media. Next, we solve these equations in terms of the Christoffel equations, thereby addressing the propagation of a four-plane harmonic wave. These waves propagate as inhomogeneous waves at stress-free, impermeable boundary surfaces due to the medium's dissipative properties. Furthermore, we compute the reflection coefficients from stress-free impervious boundary surfaces at arbitrary angles. The incidence of the P1/SV wave generates four reflected waves. The calculation of theoretical formulations for reflection coefficients involves a set of four non-homogeneous linear equations derived from boundary conditions. Subsequently, these reflection coefficients are utilized to calculate the WIFF and the partitioning of incident energy at the impervious boundary of the porous solid. A numerical example is considered to investigate the effects of wave frequency, incidence direction, and elastic parameters such as porosity, inclusion radius, and liquid saturation on energy partitioning and wave-induced fluid flow. The conservation of incident energy has been confirmed at every angle of incidence. The numerical results demonstrate a significant dependence of energy shares of distinct reflected waves on the incident direction, saturation, porosity, inclusion radius, wave frequency, and WIFF. This theoretical study serves as a valuable tool for subsurface reservoir characterization, with applications in hydrocarbon exploration, CO2 sequestration monitoring, and other geological engineering fields.
published_date 2025-05-29T05:17:55Z
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