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Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022

Marta Pineda-Moncusí Orcid Logo, Freya Allery Orcid Logo, Hoda Abbasizanjani Orcid Logo, David Powell, Albert Prats-Uribe Orcid Logo, Johan H. Thygesen Orcid Logo, Angela Wood Orcid Logo, Christopher Tomlinson Orcid Logo, Amitava Banerjee Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Antonella Delmestri Orcid Logo, Laura C. Coates Orcid Logo, Spiros Denaxas, Kamlesh Khunti, Gary Collins Orcid Logo, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Orcid Logo, Sara Khalid Orcid Logo

Nature Communications, Volume: 16, Start page: 6059

Swansea University Authors: Hoda Abbasizanjani Orcid Logo, David Powell, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41467-025-59951-4

Abstract

An increased risk of COVID-19 mortality risk among certain ethnic groups is well-reported, however data on ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) are lacking. We estimated age-standardised incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios for 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD by...

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Published in: Nature Communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Published: Springer Nature 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69881
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We estimated age-standardised incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios for 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD by sex for individual ethnicity groups from England and Wales, using linked health and administrative data. We studied 6-level census-based ethnicity group classification, 10-level classification (only for Wales), and 19-level classification as well as any ethnicity sub-groups comprising &gt;1000 individuals each (only for England). COVID-19 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD risk was increased in most non-White ethnic groups in England, and Asian population in Wales, between 23rd January 2020 and 1st April 2022. English data show mortality decreased during the Omicron variant&#x2019;s dominance, whilst CVD risk [95% confidence interval] remained elevated for certain ethnic groups when compared to White populations (January-April 2022): by 120% [28-280%] in White and Asian men and 58% [32-90%] in Pakistan men, as compared to White British men; and by 75% [13-172%] in Bangladeshi women, 55% [19-102%] in Caribbean women, and 82% [31-153%] in Any Other Ethnic Group women, as compared to White British women. 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spelling 2025-07-03T13:57:57.8532216 v2 69881 2025-07-03 Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022 93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc 0000-0002-9575-4758 Hoda Abbasizanjani Hoda Abbasizanjani true false fc993a4376907915ea6fe43b0d963bbc David Powell David Powell true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false 2025-07-03 MEDS An increased risk of COVID-19 mortality risk among certain ethnic groups is well-reported, however data on ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) are lacking. We estimated age-standardised incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios for 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD by sex for individual ethnicity groups from England and Wales, using linked health and administrative data. We studied 6-level census-based ethnicity group classification, 10-level classification (only for Wales), and 19-level classification as well as any ethnicity sub-groups comprising >1000 individuals each (only for England). COVID-19 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD risk was increased in most non-White ethnic groups in England, and Asian population in Wales, between 23rd January 2020 and 1st April 2022. English data show mortality decreased during the Omicron variant’s dominance, whilst CVD risk [95% confidence interval] remained elevated for certain ethnic groups when compared to White populations (January-April 2022): by 120% [28-280%] in White and Asian men and 58% [32-90%] in Pakistan men, as compared to White British men; and by 75% [13-172%] in Bangladeshi women, 55% [19-102%] in Caribbean women, and 82% [31-153%] in Any Other Ethnic Group women, as compared to White British women. Ethnically diverse populations in the UK remained disproportionately affected by CVD throughout and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal Article Nature Communications 16 6059 Springer Nature 2041-1723 2 7 2025 2025-07-02 10.1038/s41467-025-59951-4 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre (grant No SP/19/3/34678, awarded to Health Data Research (HDR) UK); UK Research and Innovation (grant ref MC_PC_20058); The Alan Turing Institute via ‘Towards Turing 2.0’ EPSRC Grant Funding; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC); NIHR Senior Research Fellowship (Grant number SRF-2018-11-ST2-004); Medical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1); Health Data Research UK, which receives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Welcome Trust; ADR Wales is part of the Economic and Social Research Council (part of UK Research and Innovation) funded ADR UK (grant ES/S007393/1); Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, funded by Health and Care Research Wales. 2025-07-03T13:57:57.8532216 2025-07-03T13:32:23.9770604 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Marta Pineda-Moncusí 0000-0003-0567-0137 1 Freya Allery 0000-0002-5580-7237 2 Hoda Abbasizanjani 0000-0002-9575-4758 3 David Powell 4 Albert Prats-Uribe 0000-0003-1202-9153 5 Johan H. Thygesen 0000-0002-7479-3459 6 Angela Wood 0000-0002-7937-304X 7 Christopher Tomlinson 0000-0002-0903-5395 8 Amitava Banerjee 0000-0001-8741-3411 9 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 10 Antonella Delmestri 0000-0003-0388-3403 11 Laura C. Coates 0000-0002-4756-663X 12 Spiros Denaxas 13 Kamlesh Khunti 14 Gary Collins 0000-0002-2772-2316 15 Daniel Prieto-Alhambra 0000-0002-3950-6346 16 Sara Khalid 0000-0002-2845-5731 17 69881__34661__297b2a19eda64e66bc74daed68568e92.pdf 69881.VOR.pdf 2025-07-03T13:51:07.4724738 Output 5614547 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022
spellingShingle Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022
Hoda Abbasizanjani
David Powell
Ashley Akbari
title_short Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022
title_full Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022
title_fullStr Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022
title_full_unstemmed Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022
title_sort Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022
author_id_str_mv 93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc
fc993a4376907915ea6fe43b0d963bbc
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52
author_id_fullname_str_mv 93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc_***_Hoda Abbasizanjani
fc993a4376907915ea6fe43b0d963bbc_***_David Powell
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
author Hoda Abbasizanjani
David Powell
Ashley Akbari
author2 Marta Pineda-Moncusí
Freya Allery
Hoda Abbasizanjani
David Powell
Albert Prats-Uribe
Johan H. Thygesen
Angela Wood
Christopher Tomlinson
Amitava Banerjee
Ashley Akbari
Antonella Delmestri
Laura C. Coates
Spiros Denaxas
Kamlesh Khunti
Gary Collins
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Sara Khalid
format Journal article
container_title Nature Communications
container_volume 16
container_start_page 6059
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2041-1723
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41467-025-59951-4
publisher Springer Nature
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
document_store_str 1
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description An increased risk of COVID-19 mortality risk among certain ethnic groups is well-reported, however data on ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) are lacking. We estimated age-standardised incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios for 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD by sex for individual ethnicity groups from England and Wales, using linked health and administrative data. We studied 6-level census-based ethnicity group classification, 10-level classification (only for Wales), and 19-level classification as well as any ethnicity sub-groups comprising >1000 individuals each (only for England). COVID-19 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD risk was increased in most non-White ethnic groups in England, and Asian population in Wales, between 23rd January 2020 and 1st April 2022. English data show mortality decreased during the Omicron variant’s dominance, whilst CVD risk [95% confidence interval] remained elevated for certain ethnic groups when compared to White populations (January-April 2022): by 120% [28-280%] in White and Asian men and 58% [32-90%] in Pakistan men, as compared to White British men; and by 75% [13-172%] in Bangladeshi women, 55% [19-102%] in Caribbean women, and 82% [31-153%] in Any Other Ethnic Group women, as compared to White British women. Ethnically diverse populations in the UK remained disproportionately affected by CVD throughout and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
published_date 2025-07-02T05:25:51Z
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