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The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women

Liadh Timmins Orcid Logo, Dermot Barnes-Holmes Orcid Logo, Qazi Rahman Orcid Logo

Archives of Sexual Behavior

Swansea University Author: Liadh Timmins Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s10508-025-03241-z

Abstract

Previous research has suggested that scores generated using a sexual orientation Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) correlate with self-reported sexual orientation in gay and heterosexual men and have a strong ability to differentiate the two groups (Timmins et al., 2016). The present s...

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Published in: Archives of Sexual Behavior
ISSN: 0004-0002 1573-2800
Published: Springer Nature 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69949
first_indexed 2025-07-11T14:41:48Z
last_indexed 2025-12-02T07:52:29Z
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spelling 2025-12-01T14:48:26.5169348 v2 69949 2025-07-11 The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women 7f227f6f0fc0400bae2893d252d2f5ec 0000-0001-7984-4748 Liadh Timmins Liadh Timmins true false 2025-07-11 PSYS Previous research has suggested that scores generated using a sexual orientation Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) correlate with self-reported sexual orientation in gay and heterosexual men and have a strong ability to differentiate the two groups (Timmins et al., 2016). The present study sought to replicate this work and to determine how a range of groups that differ in terms of self-reported sexual orientation perform on the measure. Lesbian/gay, heterosexual, and bisexual women (n = 99) and men (n = 96) completed a sexual orientation IRAP and self-report measures of sexual attraction and behavior. The IRAP involved responding “True” or “False” to pictures of nude males and females paired with words meaning attractive or unattractive. Participants were required to respond as if all men were attractive and all women were unattractive for half of the IRAP’s test blocks, and vice versa for the other half. Response latencies were recorded, and D-IRAP scores were calculated for overall responses, female responses, and male responses. Significant correlations were found between all D-IRAP scores and all corresponding self-report measures for men (rs = .38–.64). This was also true for women (rs = .24–.53) with a single exception: the D-IRAP score for responses to men with self-reported sexual attraction to men. Similarly, almost all D-IRAP scores significantly differentiated sexual orientation groups (areas under the curve = .64–.92), apart from bisexual and lesbian/gay women. These findings suggest the IRAP is a useful ex situ measure of sexual orientation. Journal Article Archives of Sexual Behavior 0 Springer Nature 0004-0002 1573-2800 Sexual attraction; Sexual orientation; Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure; Bisexuality 10 11 2025 2025-11-10 10.1007/s10508-025-03241-z COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was funded by the American Institute of Bisexuality. 2025-12-01T14:48:26.5169348 2025-07-11T15:40:05.7068825 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Liadh Timmins 0000-0001-7984-4748 1 Dermot Barnes-Holmes 0000-0002-9419-9131 2 Qazi Rahman 0000-0001-8346-4529 3 69949__35641__aa56e466d80f40d09b9375440561f1ef.pdf s10508-025-03241-z.pdf 2025-11-17T08:52:46.1195633 Output 1327449 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women
spellingShingle The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women
Liadh Timmins
title_short The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women
title_full The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women
title_fullStr The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women
title_full_unstemmed The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women
title_sort The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women
author_id_str_mv 7f227f6f0fc0400bae2893d252d2f5ec
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7f227f6f0fc0400bae2893d252d2f5ec_***_Liadh Timmins
author Liadh Timmins
author2 Liadh Timmins
Dermot Barnes-Holmes
Qazi Rahman
format Journal article
container_title Archives of Sexual Behavior
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publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0004-0002
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doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10508-025-03241-z
publisher Springer Nature
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
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description Previous research has suggested that scores generated using a sexual orientation Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) correlate with self-reported sexual orientation in gay and heterosexual men and have a strong ability to differentiate the two groups (Timmins et al., 2016). The present study sought to replicate this work and to determine how a range of groups that differ in terms of self-reported sexual orientation perform on the measure. Lesbian/gay, heterosexual, and bisexual women (n = 99) and men (n = 96) completed a sexual orientation IRAP and self-report measures of sexual attraction and behavior. The IRAP involved responding “True” or “False” to pictures of nude males and females paired with words meaning attractive or unattractive. Participants were required to respond as if all men were attractive and all women were unattractive for half of the IRAP’s test blocks, and vice versa for the other half. Response latencies were recorded, and D-IRAP scores were calculated for overall responses, female responses, and male responses. Significant correlations were found between all D-IRAP scores and all corresponding self-report measures for men (rs = .38–.64). This was also true for women (rs = .24–.53) with a single exception: the D-IRAP score for responses to men with self-reported sexual attraction to men. Similarly, almost all D-IRAP scores significantly differentiated sexual orientation groups (areas under the curve = .64–.92), apart from bisexual and lesbian/gay women. These findings suggest the IRAP is a useful ex situ measure of sexual orientation.
published_date 2025-11-10T05:25:18Z
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