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The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches

Timothy Piatkowski Orcid Logo, Luke Cox Orcid Logo, Rick Collins

Health Sociology Review, Volume: 34, Issue: 2, Pages: 152 - 166

Swansea University Author: Luke Cox Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/14461242.2024.2388528

Abstract

This research examines image and performance-enhancing drug (IPED) use, specifically focusing on the emerging role of IPED coaches. Situating drug use within broader assemblage theory, we investigated how these coaches, often operating in an online context, function as enabling environments, influen...

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Published in: Health Sociology Review
ISSN: 1446-1242 1839-3551
Published: Informa UK Limited 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70012
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last_indexed 2025-09-03T05:19:12Z
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spelling 2025-09-02T16:47:07.2459508 v2 70012 2025-07-21 The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches 9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d 0000-0001-7625-4603 Luke Cox Luke Cox true false 2025-07-21 EAAS This research examines image and performance-enhancing drug (IPED) use, specifically focusing on the emerging role of IPED coaches. Situating drug use within broader assemblage theory, we investigated how these coaches, often operating in an online context, function as enabling environments, influencing practices, and contributing to harm reduction in a broader social context within and for IPED communities. Ten IPED coaches were interviewed, with this work focusing on their legal, ethical, and moral considerations, risk assessment, and harm reduction strategies of their practices. We employed a critical realist approach, following flexible coding to identify and develop themes which were further framed an enabling environments framework. Coaches operated along an ethical tightrope, emphasising the conscious regulation of conduct within established norms and the nuanced assessment of risks aligned with individual goals and motivations. Power dynamics and responsibility concerns unfolded through the lens of collaborative decision-making, where trust emerged as an essential element of these relations within contextual risk assessments. IPED coaches play a role in harm reduction by fostering trust and informed decision-making, balancing clients’ goals with health considerations. These findings emphasise the potential for collaboration between IPED coaches and the health workforce to enhance health promotion and support within IPED communities. Journal Article Health Sociology Review 34 2 152 166 Informa UK Limited 1446-1242 1839-3551 Assemblage; drug coach; harm reduction; enabling place; image and performance enhancing drugs 4 5 2025 2025-05-04 10.1080/14461242.2024.2388528 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article. 2025-09-02T16:47:07.2459508 2025-07-21T16:38:04.6688863 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Timothy Piatkowski 0000-0002-6177-0266 1 Luke Cox 0000-0001-7625-4603 2 Rick Collins 3 70012__34818__a4bea24d41bc48308ebbca28e88cec21.pdf 70012.pdf 2025-07-21T16:42:11.7313948 Output 728171 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches
spellingShingle The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches
Luke Cox
title_short The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches
title_full The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches
title_fullStr The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches
title_full_unstemmed The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches
title_sort The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches
author_id_str_mv 9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d
author_id_fullname_str_mv 9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d_***_Luke Cox
author Luke Cox
author2 Timothy Piatkowski
Luke Cox
Rick Collins
format Journal article
container_title Health Sociology Review
container_volume 34
container_issue 2
container_start_page 152
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 1446-1242
1839-3551
doi_str_mv 10.1080/14461242.2024.2388528
publisher Informa UK Limited
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
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description This research examines image and performance-enhancing drug (IPED) use, specifically focusing on the emerging role of IPED coaches. Situating drug use within broader assemblage theory, we investigated how these coaches, often operating in an online context, function as enabling environments, influencing practices, and contributing to harm reduction in a broader social context within and for IPED communities. Ten IPED coaches were interviewed, with this work focusing on their legal, ethical, and moral considerations, risk assessment, and harm reduction strategies of their practices. We employed a critical realist approach, following flexible coding to identify and develop themes which were further framed an enabling environments framework. Coaches operated along an ethical tightrope, emphasising the conscious regulation of conduct within established norms and the nuanced assessment of risks aligned with individual goals and motivations. Power dynamics and responsibility concerns unfolded through the lens of collaborative decision-making, where trust emerged as an essential element of these relations within contextual risk assessments. IPED coaches play a role in harm reduction by fostering trust and informed decision-making, balancing clients’ goals with health considerations. These findings emphasise the potential for collaboration between IPED coaches and the health workforce to enhance health promotion and support within IPED communities.
published_date 2025-05-04T05:31:43Z
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