No Cover Image

Journal article 736 views 826 downloads

The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics

Eleonora Di Valentino Orcid Logo, Jackson Levi Said, Adam Riess, Agnieszka Pollo, Vivian Poulin, Adrià Gómez-Valent, Amanda Weltman, Antonella Palmese, Caroline D. Huang, Carsten van de Bruck, Chandra Shekhar Saraf, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Cora Uhlemann, Daniela Grandón, Dante Paz, Dominique Eckert, Elsa M. Teixeira, Emmanuel N. Saridakis, Eoin Ó Colgáin, Florian Beutler, Florian Niedermann, Francesco Bajardi, Gabriela Barenboim, Giulia Gubitosi, Ilaria Musella, Indranil Banik, Istvan Szapudi, Jack Singal, Jaume Haro Cases, Jens Chluba, Jesús Torrado, Jurgen Mifsud, Karsten Jedamzik, Khaled Said, Konstantinos Dialektopoulos, Laura Herold, Leandros Perivolaropoulos, Lei Zu, Lluís Galbany, Louise Breuval, Luca Visinelli, Luis A. Escamilla, Luis A. Anchordoqui, M.M. Sheikh-Jabbari, Margherita Lembo, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, Maria Vincenzi, Marika Asgari, Martina Gerbino, Matteo Forconi, Michele Cantiello, Michele Moresco, Micol Benetti, Nils Schöneberg, Özgür Akarsu, Rafael C. Nunes, Reginald Christian Bernardo, Ricardo Chávez, Richard I. Anderson, Richard Watkins, Salvatore Capozziello, Siyang Li, Sunny Vagnozzi, Supriya Pan, Tommaso Treu, Vid Irsic, Will Handley, William Giarè, Yukei Murakami, Abdolali Banihashemi, Adèle Poudou, Alan Heavens, Alan Kogut, Alba Domi, Aleksander Łukasz Lenart, Alessandro Melchiorri, Alessandro Vadalà, Alexandra Amon, Alexander Bonilla Rivera, Alexander Reeves, Alexander Zhuk, Alfio Bonanno, Ali Övgün, Alice Pisani, Alireza Talebian, Amare Abebe, Amin Aboubrahim, Ana Luisa González Morán, András Kovács, Andreas Lymperis, Andreas Papatriantafyllou, Andrew R. Liddle, Andronikos Paliathanasis, Andrzej Borowiec, Anil Kumar Yadav, Anita Yadav, Anjan Ananda Sen, Anjitha John William, Anne Christine Davis, Anowar J. Shajib, Anthony Walters, Anto Idicherian Lonappan, Anton Chudaykin, Antonio Capodagli, Antonio da Silva, Antonio De Felice, Antonio Racioppi, Araceli Soler Oficial, Ariadna Montiel, Arianna Favale, Armando Bernui, Arrianne Crystal Velasco, Asta Heinesen, Athanasios Bakopoulos, Athanasios Chatzistavrakidis, Bahman Khanpour, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, Bartek Zgirski, Benjamin L’Huillier, Benoit Famaey, Bhuvnesh Jain, Bing Zhang, Biswajit Karmakar, Branko Dragovich, Brooks Thomas, Carlos Correa, Carlos G. Boiza, Catarina Marques, Celia Escamilla-Rivera, Charalampos Tzerefos, Chi Zhang, Chiara De Leo, Christian Pfeifer, Christine Lee, Christo Venter, Cláudio Gomes, Clecio Roque De bom, Cristian Moreno-Pulido, Damianos Iosifidis, Dan Grin, Daniel Blixt, Dan Scolnic, Daniele Oriti, Daria Dobrycheva, Dario Bettoni, David Benisty, David Fernández-Arenas, David L. Wiltshire, David Sanchez Cid, David Tamayo, David Valls-Gabaud, Davide Pedrotti, Deng Wang, Denitsa Staicova, Despoina Totolou, Diego Rubiera-Garcia, Dinko Milaković, Dominic W. Pesce, Dominique Sluse, Duško Borka, Ebrahim Yusofi, Elena Giusarma, Elena Terlevich, Elena Tomasetti, Elias C. Vagenas, Elisa Fazzari, Elisa G.M. Ferreira, Elvis Barakovic, Emanuela Dimastrogiovanni, Emil Brinch Holm, Emil Mottola, Emre Özülker, Enrico Specogna, Enzo Brocato, Erik Jensko, Erika Antonette Enriquez, Esha Bhatia, Fabio Bresolin, Felipe Avila, Filippo Bouchè, Flavio Bombacigno, Fotios K. Anagnostopoulos, Francesco Pace, Francesco Sorrenti, Francisco S.N. Lobo, Frédéric Courbin, Frode K. Hansen, Greg Sloan, Gabriel Farrugia, Gabriel Lynch, Gabriela Garcia-Arroyo, Gabriella Raimondo, Gaetano Lambiase, Gagandeep S. Anand, Gaspard Poulot, Genly Leon, Gerasimos Kouniatalis, Germano Nardini, Géza Csörnyei, Giacomo Galloni, Giada Bargiacchi, Giannis Papagiannopoulos, Giovanni Montani, Giovanni Otalora, Giulia De Somma, Giuliana Fiorentino, Giuseppe Fanizza, Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano, Giuseppe Sarracino, Gonzalo J. Olmo, Goran S. Djordjević, Guadalupe Cañas-Herrera, Hanyu Cheng, Harry Desmond, Hassan Abdalla, Houzun Chen, Hsu-Wen Chiang, Hume A. Feldman, Hussain Gohar, Ido Ben-Dayan, Ignacio Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignatios Antoniadis, Ilim Cimdiker, Inês S. Albuquerque, Ioannis D. Gialamas, Ippocratis Saltas, Iryna Vavilova, Isidro Gómez-Vargas, Ismael Ayuso, Ismailov Nariman Zeynalabdi, Ivan De Martino, Ivonne Zavala Carrasco Orcid Logo, J. Alberto Vázquez, Jacobo Asorey, Janusz Gluza, Javier Rubio, Jenny G. Sorce, Jenny Wagner, Jeremy Sakstein, Jessica Santiago, Jim Braatz, Joan Solà Peracaula, John Blakeslee, John Webb, Jose A.R. Cembranos, José Pedro Mimoso, Joseph Jensen, Juan García-Bellido, Judit Prat, Kathleen Sammut, Kay Lehnert, Keith R. Dienes, Kishan Deka, Konrad Kuijken, Krishna Naidoo, László Árpád Gergely, Laur Järv, Laura Mersini-Houghton, Leila L. Graef, Léo Vacher, Levon Pogosian, Lilia Anguelova, Lindita Hamolli, Lu Yin, Luca Caloni, Luca Izzo, Lucas Macri, Luis E. Padilla, Luz Ángela García, Maciej Bilicki, Mahdi Najafi, Manolis Plionis, Manuel Gonzalez-Espinoza, Manuel Hohmann, Marcel A. van der Westhuizen, Marcella Marconi, Marcin Postolak, Marco de Cesare, Marco Regis, Marek Biesiada, Maret Einasto, Margus Saal, Maria Caruana, Maria Petronikolou, Mariam Bouhmadi-López, Mariana Melo, Mariaveronica De Angelis, Marie-Noëlle Célérier, Marina Cortês, Mark Reid, Markus Michael Rau, Martin S. Sloth, Martti Raidal, Masahiro Takada, Masoume Reyhani, Massimiliano Romanello, Massimo Marengo, Mathias Garny, Matías Leizerovich, Matteo Martinelli, Matteo Tagliazucchi, Mehmet Demirci, Miguel A.S. Pinto, Miguel A. Sabogal, Miguel A. García-Aspeitia, Milan Milošević, Mina Ghodsi, Mustapha Ishak, Nelson J. Nunes, Nick Samaras, Nico Hamaus, Nico Schuster, Nicola Borghi, Nicola Deiosso, Nicola Tamanini, Nicolao Fornengo, Nihan Katırcı, Nikolaos E. Mavromatos, Nicholas Petropoulos, Nikolina Šarčević, Nils A. Nilsson, Nima Khosravi, Noemi Frusciante, Octavian Postavaru, Oem Trivedi, Oleksii Sokoliuk, Olga Mena, Paloma Morilla, Paolo Campeti, Paolo Salucci, Paula Boubel, Paweł Bielewicz, Pekka Heinämäki, Petar Suman, Petros Asimakis, Pierros Ntelis, Pran Nath, Predrag Jovanović, Purba Mukherjee, Radosław Wojtak, Rafaela Gsponer, Rafid H. Dejrah, Rahul Shah, Rasmi Hajjar, Rebecca Briffa, Rebecca Habas, Reggie C. Pantig, Renier Mendoza, Riccardo Della Monica, Richard Stiskalek, Rishav Roshan, Rita B. Neves, Roberto Molinaro, Roberto Terlevich, Rocco D’Agostino, Rodrigo Sandoval-Orozco, Ronaldo C. Batista, Ruchika, Ruth Lazkoz, Saeed Rastgoo, Sahar Mohammadi, Salvatore Samuele Sirletti, Sandeep Haridasu, Sanjay Mandal, Saurya Das, Sebastian Bahamonde, Sebastian Grandis, Sebastian Trojanowski, Sergei D. Odintsov, Sergij Mazurenko, Shahab Joudaki, Sherry H. Suyu, Shouvik Roy Choudhury, Shruti Bhatporia, Shun-Sheng Li, Simeon Bird, Simon Birrer, Simone Paradiso, Simony Santos da Costa, Sofia Contarini, Sophie Henrot-Versillé, Spyros Basilakos, Stefano Casertano, Stefano Gariazzo, Stylianos A. Tsilioukas, Surajit Kalita, Suresh Kumar, Susana J. Landau, Sveva Castello, Swayamtrupta Panda, Tanja Petrushevska, Thanasis Karakasis, Thejs Brinckmann, Tiago B. Gonçalves, Tiziano Schiavone, Tom Abel, Tomi Koivisto, Torsten Bringmann, Umut Demirbozan, Utkarsh Kumar, Valerio Marra, Maurice H.P.M. van Putten, Vasileios Kalaitzidis, Vasiliki A. Mitsou, Vasilios Zarikas, Vedad Pasic, Venus Keus, Verónica Motta, Vesna Borka Jovanović, Víctor H. Cárdenas, Vincenzo Ripepi, Vincenzo Salzano, Violetta Impellizzeri, Vitor da Fonseca, Vittorio Ghirardini, Vladas Vansevičius, Weiqiang Yang, Wojciech Hellwing, Xin Ren, Yu-Min Hu, Yuejia Zhai, Abdul Malik Sultan, Abdurakhmon Nosirov, Adrienn Pataki, Alessandro Santoni, Aliya Batool, Amlan Chakraborty, Aneta Wojnar, Arman Tursunov, Avik De, Ayush Hazarika, Baojiu Li, Benjamin Bose, Bivudutta Mishra, Bobomurat Ahmedov, Claudia Scóccola, Crescenzo Tortora, D’Arcy Kenworthy, Daniel E. Holz, David F. Mota, David S. Pereira, Devon M. Williams, Dillon Brout, Dong Ha Lee, Eduardo Guendelman, Edward Olex, Emanuelly Silva, Emre Onur Kahya, Eva-Maria Mueller, Felipe Andrade-Oliveira, Feven Markos Hunde, F.R. Joaquim, Florian Pacaud, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, F. Pozo Nuñez, Gábor Rácz, Gene Carlo Belinario, Geraint F. Lewis, Gergely Dálya, Giorgio Laverda, Guido Risaliti, Guillermo Franco-Abellán, Hayden Zammit, Hayley Camilleri, Helene M. Courtois, Hooman Moradpour, Igor de Oliveira Cardoso Pedreira, Ilídio Lopes, István Csabai, James W. Rohlf, Jana Bogdanoska, Javier de Cruz Pérez, Joan Bachs-Esteban, Joseph Sultana, Julien Lesgourgues, Jun-Qian Jiang, Karem Peñaló Castillo, Kimet Jusufi, Lavinia Heisenberg, Laxmipriya Pati, Lón V.E. Koopmans, Lokesh kumar Duchaniya, Lucas Lombriser, María Pérez Garrote, Mariano Domínguez, Marine Samsonyan, Mark Pace, Martin Krššák, Masroor C. Pookkillath, Matteo Peronaci, Matteo Piani, Matthildi Raftogianni, Meet J. Vyas, Melina Michalopoulou, Merab Gogberashvili, Michael Klasen, Michele Cicoli, Miguel Quartin, Miguel Zumalacárregui, Milan S. Dimitrijević, Milos Dordevic, Mindaugas Karčiauskas, Morgan Le Delliou, Nastassia Grimm, Nicolás Augusto Kozameh, Nicoleta Voicu, Nicolina Pop, Nikos Chatzifotis, Odil Yunusov, Oliver Fabio Piattella, Pedro da Silveira Ferreira, Péter Raffai, Peter Schupp, Pilar Ruiz-Lapuente, Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo, Roberto V. Maluf, Ruth Durrer, S.A. Kadam, Sabino Matarrese, Samuel Brieden, Santiago González-Gaitán, Santosh V. Lohakare, Scott Watson, Shao-Jiang Wang, Simão Marques Nunes, Soumya Chakrabarti, Subinoy Das, Suvodip Mukherjee, Tajron Jurić, Tessa Baker, Theodoros Nakas, Tiago Barreiro, Upala Mukhopadhyay, Veljko Vujčić, Violetta Sagun, Vladimir A. Srećković, Wangzheng Zhang, Yo Toda, Yun-Song Piao, Zahra Davari

Physics of the Dark Universe, Volume: 49, Start page: 101965

Swansea University Author: Ivonne Zavala Carrasco Orcid Logo

  • 70101.VOR.pdf

    PDF | Version of Record

    © 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license.

    Download (60.71MB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.dark.2025.101965

Abstract

The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described by...

Full description

Published in: Physics of the Dark Universe
ISSN: 2212-6864
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70101
first_indexed 2025-08-04T09:43:11Z
last_indexed 2025-08-05T11:08:27Z
id cronfa70101
recordtype SURis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2025-08-04T10:48:08.5002260</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>70101</id><entry>2025-08-04</entry><title>The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>2fb8d4bb665e9a89d3b3478c17f646f8</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5589-9928</ORCID><firstname>Ivonne</firstname><surname>Zavala Carrasco</surname><name>Ivonne Zavala Carrasco</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2025-08-04</date><deptcode>BGPS</deptcode><abstract>The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described by the standard model of particle physics and a cold dark matter contribution, as well as very early-time inflationary physics, and underpinned by gravitation through general relativity. There have always been open questions about the soundness of the foundations of the standard model. However, recent years have shown that there may also be questions from the observational sector with the emergence of differences between certain cosmological probes. In this White Paper, we identify the key objectives that need to be addressed over the coming decade together with the core science projects that aim to meet these challenges. These discordances primarily rest on the divergence in the measurement of core cosmological parameters with varying levels of statistical confidence. These possible statistical tensions may be partially accounted for by systematics in various measurements or cosmological probes but there is also a growing indication of potential new physics beyond the standard model. After reviewing the principal probes used in the measurement of cosmological parameters, as well as potential systematics, we discuss the most promising array of potential new physics that may be observable in upcoming surveys. We also discuss the growing set of novel data analysis approaches that go beyond traditional methods to test physical models. These new methods will become increasingly important in the coming years as the volume of survey data continues to increase, and as the degeneracy between predictions of different physical models grows. There are several perspectives on the divergences between the values of cosmological parameters, such as the model-independent probes in the late Universe and model-dependent measurements in the early Universe, which we cover at length. The White Paper closes with a number of recommendations for the community to focus on for the upcoming decade of observational cosmology, statistical data analysis, and fundamental physics developments.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Physics of the Dark Universe</journal><volume>49</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>101965</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2212-6864</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-09-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.dark.2025.101965</doi><url/><notes>Review</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences Geography and Physics School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BGPS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>This paper is based upon work from COST Action CA21136 Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics (CosmoVerse) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). EDV is supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellowship. JLS would also like to acknowledge funding from &#x201C;Xjenza Malta&#x201D; as part of the &#x201C;Technology Development Programme&#x201D; DTP-2024-014 (CosmicLearning) Project and the &#x201C;XM-T&#xDC;B&#xC4;&#xB0;TAK R&amp;I Programme&#x201D; BridgingCosmology project. AGV is funded by &#x201C;la Caixa&#x201D; Foundation, Spain (ID 100010434) and the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 847648, with fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI23/11970027. AP acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Centre through the grant 2023/50/A/ST9/00579. AP is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 2308193. CvdB is supported by the Lancaster&#x2013;Sheffield Consortium for Fundamental Physics under STFC grant: ST/X000621/1. CU was supported by UKRI STFC ST/W001020 /1 and European Union ERC StG, LSS_BeyondAverage, 101075919. DE acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland under grant agreement 200021_212576. EMT is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union&#x2019;s HORIZON-ERC-2022 (grant agreement no. 101076865). ENS acknowledges the contribution of the LISA CosWG. This project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 853291). FB acknowledges the support of the Royal Society through the University Research Fellowship. The work of FN is supported by VR Starting Grant 2022-03160 of the Swedish Research Council. GB is supported by the Spanish grants CIPROM/2021/054 (Generalitat Valenciana) and PID2023-151418NB-I00 funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. IS acknowledges NASA, United States grants N4-ADAP24-0021 and 24-ADAP24-0074, and this research was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-2309135 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). JT is supported by a Ram&#xF3;n Cajal contract by the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation and Universities with Ref. RYC2023-045660-I. JM would also like to acknowledge funding from &#x201C;Xjenza Malta&#x201D; as part of the &#x201C;Technology Development Programme&#x201D; DTP-2024-014 (CosmicLearning) Project. KS acknowledges support from the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), through project number CE230100016. K.F.D. was supported by the PNRR-III-C9-2022&#x2013;I9 call, with project number 760016/27.01.2023, and funding from &#x201C;Xjenza Malta&#x201D; as part of the &#x201C;XM-T&#xDC;B&#xC4;&#xB0;TAK R&amp;I Programme&#x201D; BridgingCosmology project. LZ is supported by the NAWA Ulam fellowship (No. BPN/ULM/2023/1/00107/U/00001) and the National Science Centre, Poland (research grant No. 2021/42/E/ST2/ 00031). LG acknowledges financial support from AGAUR, CSIC, MCIN and AEI 10.13039/50110 0011033 under projects PID2023-151307NB-I00, PIE 20215AT016, CEX2020-001058-M, ILINK23001, COOPB2304, and 2021-SGR-01270. LV acknowledges support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through the grant No. 123506 10240 &#x201C;Astrophysical Axion Laboratories&#x201D;, and also thanks INFN through the &#x201C;QGSKY&#x201D; Iniziativa Specifica project. The work of LAA is supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant PHY-2412679. MA acknowledges the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant number ST/Y002652/1 and the Royal Society, United Kingdom under grant numbers RGSR2222268 and ICAR1231094. MG acknowledges support from the European Union (ERC, RELiCS, project number 101116027) and the PRIN (Progetti di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale) number 2022WJ9J33. MF is funded by the PRIN (Progetti di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale) number 2022WJ9J33. MC, GR, and RH acknowledge support from the project &#x201C;INAF-EDGE&#x201D; (Large Grant 12-2022, P.I. L. Hunt), from the ASI-INAF agreement &#x201C;Scientific Activity for the Euclid Mission&#x201D; (n.2024-10-HH.0; WP8420) and from the INAF &#x201C;Astrofisica Fondamentale&#x201D; GO-grant 2024 (PI M. Cantiello). MM acknowledges support from MIUR, PRIN 2022 (grant 2022NY2ZRS 001) and from the grant ASI n. 2024-10-HH.0 &#x201C;Attivit&#xE0; scientifiche per la missione Euclid &#x2013; fase E&#x201D;. RCN thanks the financial support from the CNPq under the project No. 304306/2022-3 and FAPERGS under the project No. 23/2551-0000848-3. RCB is supported by an appointment to the JRG Program at the APCTP through the Science and Technology Promotion Fund and Lottery Fund of the Korean Government, and was also supported by the Korean Local Governments in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province and Pohang City. RC acknowledges support from the CONAHCYT research grant CF2022-320152. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 947660). RIA is funded by the SNSF Eccellenza Professorial Fellowship PCEFP2_194638. SK acknowledges funding by the National Center for Science, Poland, grant no. 2023/49/B/ST9/02777. SL is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE2139757. SV acknowledges support from the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) through the Commissione Scientifica Nazionale 4 (CSN4) Iniziativa Specifica &#x201C;Quantum Fields in Gravity, Cosmology and Black Holes&#x201D; (FLAG), and from the University of Trento and the Provincia Autonoma di Trento (PAT, Autonomous Province of Trento) through the UniTrento Internal Call for Research 2023 grant &#x201C;Searching for Dark Energy off the beaten track&#x201D; (DARKTRACK, grant agreement no. E63C22000500003). SP acknowledges the financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines (DST), Govt. of India under the Scheme &#x201C;Fund for Improvement of S&amp;T Infrastructure (FIST)&#x201D; (File No. SR/FST/MS-I/2019/41). TT acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation, United States, the National Areonautics and Space Administration, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, United States. VP is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union&#x2019;s HORIZON-ERC-2022 (grant agreement no. 101076865) and from the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie grant agreement no. 860881-HIDDeN. AD acknowledges the support of the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2021 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101068013 (QGRANT). AK has been supported by a Lend&#xFC;let excellence grant by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA). This project has received funding from the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie grant agreement number 101130774. Funding for this project was also available in part through the Hungarian Ministry of Innovation and Technology NRDI Office grant OTKA NN147550. ARL was supported by FCT through the Investigador FCT Contract CEECIND/02854/2017 and the research project PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. AP is grateful for the support of Vicerrector&#xED;a de Investigaci&#xF3;n Desarrollo Tecnol&#xF3;gico (Vridt) at Universidad Cat&#xF3;lica del Norte through N&#xFA;cleo de Investigaci&#xF3;n Geometr&#xED;a Diferencial Aplicaciones, Resoluci&#xF3;n Vridt No - 096/2022 and Resoluci&#xF3;n Vridt No - 098/2022. AP was supported by the Proyecto Fondecyt Regular 2024, Folio 1240514, Etapa 2024. AB acknowledges support from the National Science Center, project no. UMO-2022/45/B/ST2/01067. ABR is supported by the Funda&#xE7;&#xE3;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#xE0; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Grant No E-26/200.149/2025 &#xE9; 200.150/2025 (304809) AJS received support from NASA, United States through STScI grants HST-GO-16773 and JWST-GO-2974. AM acknowledges the financial support by Conacyt-Mexico through the Post- doc Project I1200/311/2023. AB acknowledges the fellowship of the Brazilian research agency CNPq. AH is funded by the Carlsberg foundation. BSS acknowledges National Science Foundation awards AST-2307147, PHY-2207638, PHY-2308886 and PHY-2309064. B. L. acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea, South Korea (NRF-2022R1F1A1076338), the Partenariat Hubert Curien STAR with the National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00259422), and of the Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS) grant funded by the government of Korea. The research activities of BT is supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant PHY-2014104. CGB is supported by the Spanish Grant PID2023-149016NB-I00 (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Basque government Grant No. IT1628-22 (Spain). CM is supported by an FCT fellowship, grant number 2023.03984. CZ is supported by the China Scholarship Council for 1 year study at SISSA. CP acknowledges the financial support by the excellence cluster QuantumFrontiers of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) under Germany&#x2019;s Excellence Strategy &#x2013; EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers &#x2013; 390837967 and was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), Germany - Project Number 420243324. D.B. acknowledges support from projects PID2021-122938NB-I00 funded by the Spanish &#x201C;Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xF3;n&#x201D; and FEDER &#x201C;A way of making Europe&#x201D;, PID2022-139841NB-I00 funded by the Spanish &#x201C;Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xF3;n&#x201D; and SA097P24 funded by Junta de Castilla Le&#xF3;n. DS acknowledges support from Bulgarian National Science Fund, Republic of Bulgaria grant number KP-06-N58/5. DRG acknowledges support from grant PID2022-138607NBI00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. DB acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia, Project contract No. 451-03-136/2025-03/200017. The work of EG was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-2309135 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). EF is supported by &#x201C;Theoretical Astroparticle Physics&#x201D; (TAsP), iniziativa specifica INFN and by the research grant number 2022E2J4RK &#x201C;PANTHEON: Perspectives in Astroparticle and Neutrino THEory with Old and New messengers&#x201D;under the program PRIN 2022 funded by the Italian Ministero dell&#x2019;Universit&#xE0; e della Ricerca (MUR). EDMF is supported by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. FA thanks CNPq and Funda&#xE7;&#xE3;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#xE1; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Processo SEI 260003/014913/2023 for financial support. The work of FB was supported by the postdoctoral grant CIAPOS/2021/169. FP acknowledges partial support from the INFN grant InDark and from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (mur), PRIN 2022 &#x2018;EXSKALIBUR &#x2013; Euclid-Cross-SKA: Likelihood Inference Building for Universe&#x2019;s Research&#x2019;, Grant No. 20222BBYB9, CUP C53D2300131 0006, and from the European Union &#x2013; Next Generation EU. FP also acknowledges support from the FCT project &#x201C;BEYLA &#x2013; BEYond LAmbda&#x201D; with ref. number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. FSNL acknowledges support from the Funda&#xE7;&#xE3;o para a Ci&#xEA;ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) Scientific Employment Stimulus contract with reference CEECINST/00032/2018, and funding through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020 and PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. GL was funded by Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xF3;n Desarrollo (ANID) through Proyecto Fondecyt Regular 2024, Folio 1240514, Etapa 2024. He also thanks Vicerrector&#xE1; de Investigaci&#xF3;n Desarrollo Tecnol&#xF3;gico (VRIDT) at Universidad Cat&#xF3;lica del Norte for support through N&#xFA;cleo de Investigaci&#xF3;n Geometr&#xED;a Diferencial Aplicaciones (Resoluci&#xF3;n VRIDT N&#xC2;&#xB0;096/2022). GG acknowledges the financial support from the COSMOS network (www.cosmosnet.it) through the ASI (Italian Space Agency) Grants 2016-24-H.0 and 2016-24-H.1- 2018. GDS acknowledges support from INAF-ASTROFIT fellowship and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Naples Section, for specific initiatives QGSKY and Moonlight2, as well as GAIA DPAC funds from INAF and ASI (PI: M.Lattanzi). GJO acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Grants PID2020-116567GB-C21, PID2023-149560NB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by CEX2023-001292-S funded by MCIU/AEI, and by i-COOP23096 funded by CSIC. GSDj acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia under contract 451-03-137/2025-03/ 200124 and support by the ICTP - SEENET-MTP NT03 Project TECOM-GRASP. GCH acknowledges support through the ESA research fellowship programm. HAF was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant AST-1907404. The work of IDG was supported by the Estonian Research Council, Estonia grants MOB3JD1202, RVTT3, RVTT7, and by the CoE program TK202 &#x201C;Fundamental Universe&#x201D;. The work of IAM is supported by the Basque Government, Spain Grant IT1628-22, by Grant PID2021-123226NB-I00 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000 11033 and by &#x201C;ERDF A way of making Europe&#x201D;). IDM acknowledges support from the grant PID2021-122938NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.130 39/501100011033 and from the grant SA097P24 funded by Junta de Castilla Le&#xF3;n and by &#x201C;ERDF A way of making Europe&#x201D;. JA acknowledges support from the Diputaci&#xF3;n General de Arag&#xF3;n-Fondo Social Europeo (DGA-FSE) Grant No. 2020-E21-17R of the Aragon Government. JG and BK have been supported in part by the Polish National Science Center (NCN) under grant 2020/37/B/ST2/02371. JR is supported by a Ram&#xF3;n Cajal contract of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with Ref. RYC2020-028870-I. This research was further supported by the project PID2022-139841NB-I00 of MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE. JS is supported by the Taiwan National Science &amp; Technology Council. JARC is supported by the project PID2022-139841NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU. JJ acknowledge partial support from STScI, United States under grants HST-GO-16262 and JWST-GO-03055. JGB acknowledges support from the Spanish Research Project PID2021-123012NB-C43 [MICINN-FEDER], and the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program, Spain CEX2020-001007-S at IFT. KL is a recipient of the John and Pat Hume Scholarship and acknowledges support from the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom and from the Swiss Study Foundation. The research activities of KRD are supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through its employee IR/D program as well as by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-13ER41976/DE-SC0009913. LLG acknowledges support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#x131;fico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Grant No. 307636/2023-2 and from the Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Grant No. E-26/204.598/2024. LY acknowledges support from YST Program of APCTP and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 24ZR1424600. LC acknowledges support from FCT - Funda&#xE7;&#xE3;o para a Ci&#xEA;ncia e a Tecnologia through the projects with DOI identifiers 10.54499/2023.11681.PEX and 10.54499/2024.00249.CERN. MB is supported by the Polish National Science Center through grants no. 2020/38/E/ST9/00395 and 2020/39/B/ST9/03494. MGE acknowledges the financial support of FONDECYT de Postdoctorado, N&#xC2;&#xB0;3230801. MdC acknowledges support from INFN iniziativa specifica GeoSymQFT. The work of MR is supported by the European Union &#x2013; Next Generation EU and by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) via the PRIN 2022 project n. 20228WHTYC. ME was supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant TK202, &#x201C;Foundations of the Universe&#x201D;), by Estonian Research Council, Estonia grant PRG2172, and by the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (EXCOSM, grant No. 101159513). The work of MBL, CGB &amp; PM is supported by the Spanish Grant PID2023-149016NB-I00 (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE). This work is also supported by the Basque government Grant No. IT1628-22 (Spain). MC was supported by FCT through the Investigador FCT Contract No. CEECIND/02581/2018 and the research project PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/ 2021. MM acknowledges funding by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Italy (asi) under agreement no. 2018-23-HH.0 and support from INFN/Euclid Sezione di Roma. MASP acknowledges support from the FCT through the Fellowship UI/BD/154479/2022, through the Research Grants UIDB/04434/ 2020 and UIDP/04434/2020, and through the project with reference PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021 (&#x201C;BEYond LAmbda&#x201D;). MASP also acknowledges support from the MICINU through the project with reference PID2023-149560NB-C21. MAS received support from the CAPES scholarship. MK was funded through SASPRO2 project AGE of Gravity: Alternative Geometries of Gravity, which has received funding from the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 945478. MM acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia under contract 451-03-137/2025-03/ 200124. MI acknowledges that this material is based upon work supported in part by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Award Number DE-SC0022184 and also in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant AST2327245. NF acknowledge support from the Research grant TAsP (Theoretical Astroparticle Physics) funded by INFN, Italy. NF is supported by the European Union &#x2013; Next Generation EU and by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) via the PRIN 2022 project n. 20228WHTYC. The Work of NEM. is supported in part by the UK Science and Technology Facilities research Council (STFC) under the research grant ST/X000753/1. NAN was financed by IBS, United States under the project code IBS-R018-D3, and acknowledges support from PSL/Observatoire de Paris. NS is supported by the Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK) - 94224. PS is supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom (STFC) training grant ST/X508287/1. PJ acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia, Project contract No. 451-03-136/2025-03/200002. RG acknowledges the support from the SNF 200020_175751 and 200020_207379 &#x201C;Cosmology with 3D Maps of the Universe&#x201D; research grant. RH work has been supported by the Spanish grants FPU19/03348 of MU, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grants PID2020-113644GB-I00, PID2023-148162NB-C22, by the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grants HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01/ 101086085-ASYMMETRY and H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019/ 860881- HIDDeN and by the Generalitat Valenciana grants PROMETEO/2019/ 083 and CIPROM/2022/69. RH acknowledges funding from the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) through large grant PRIN 12-2022 &#x201C;INAF-EDGE&#x201D; (PI L. Hunt). RR acknowledges financial support from the STFC Consolidated Grant ST/X000583/1. RBN acknowledges funding by the Royal Society, United Kingdom through the University Research Fellowship Renewal URF R 221005. RK is supported by Project SA097P24 funded by Junta de Castilla Leon. SB is supported by &#x201C;Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xF3;n Desarrollo&#x201D; (ANID), Grant &#x201C;Becas Chile postdoctorado al extranjero&#x201D; No. 74220006. ST is supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (research grant No. 2021/42/E/ST2/00031). SSC acknowledges support from the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) through the Commissione Scientifica Nazionale 4 (CSN4) Iniziativa Specifica &#x201C;Quantum Fields in Gravity, Cosmology and Black Holes&#x201D; (FLAG) and from the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto (CARITRO Foundation) through a Caritro Fellowship (project &#x201C;Inflation and dark sector physics in light of next-generation cosmological surveys&#x201D;). SJL is supported by grant PIP 11220200100729CO CONICET and grant 20020170100129BA UBACYT. SP is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. SP acknowledges the financial support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xED;fico e Tecnol&#xF3;gico (CNPq) Fellowships 300936/2023-0 and 301628/2024-6. TP acknowledges the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants I0-0033, P1-0031, J1-8136, J1-2460 and Z1-1853). TB was supported by ICSC &#x2013; Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by European Union &#x2013; NextGenerationEU. TS is supported by the Della Riccia foundation grant 2025 and the Galileo Galilei Institute Boost Fellowship 2024. TK was supported by the Estonian Research Council, Estonia grants CoE TK202 &#x201C;Foundations of the Universe&#x201D; and PRG2608 &#x201C;Space - Time - Matter&#x201D;. VM thanks CNPq (Brazil) and FAPES (Brazil) for partial financial support. VAM is supported by Generalitat Valenciana via the Excellence Grant 164CIPROM/2021/073, by the Spanish MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the EU/FEDER via grant PID2021-122134NB-C21, and by the Spanish MCIU/AEI via the Severo Ochoa project CEX2023-001292-S. VP acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, under Project Number 05-35-2467-1/23. VK acknowledges financial support from Research Ireland Grant 21/PATH-S/9475 (MOREHIGGS) under the SFI-IRC Pathway Programme. Report number: DIAS-STP-25-05. VM acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular grant number 1231418, Millennium Science Initiative AIM23-0001, and Centro de Astrof&#xED;sica de Valpara&#xED;so CIDI N21. VBJ acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia, Project contract No. 451-03-136/2025-03/200017. WY has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12175096, and Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program under Grant no. XLYC1907098. WY is supported via the research projects &#x2018;COLAB&#x2019; funded by the National Science Center, Poland, under agreement number UMO-2020/39/B/ST9/03494. &#x201C;YH is funded by NSFC under the grant No. 12347137 and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, China under Grant No. 2024M753076&#x201D;.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-08-04T10:48:08.5002260</lastEdited><Created>2025-08-04T10:31:04.9055871</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Eleonora Di</firstname><surname>Valentino</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8408-6961</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Jackson Levi</firstname><surname>Said</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Adam</firstname><surname>Riess</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Agnieszka</firstname><surname>Pollo</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Vivian</firstname><surname>Poulin</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Adri&#xE0;</firstname><surname>G&#xF3;mez-Valent</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Amanda</firstname><surname>Weltman</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Antonella</firstname><surname>Palmese</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Caroline D.</firstname><surname>Huang</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Carsten van de</firstname><surname>Bruck</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Chandra Shekhar</firstname><surname>Saraf</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Cheng-Yu</firstname><surname>Kuo</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Cora</firstname><surname>Uhlemann</surname><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Daniela</firstname><surname>Grand&#xF3;n</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Dante</firstname><surname>Paz</surname><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Dominique</firstname><surname>Eckert</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Elsa M.</firstname><surname>Teixeira</surname><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Emmanuel N.</firstname><surname>Saridakis</surname><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Eoin &#xD3;</firstname><surname>Colg&#xE1;in</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>Florian</firstname><surname>Beutler</surname><order>20</order></author><author><firstname>Florian</firstname><surname>Niedermann</surname><order>21</order></author><author><firstname>Francesco</firstname><surname>Bajardi</surname><order>22</order></author><author><firstname>Gabriela</firstname><surname>Barenboim</surname><order>23</order></author><author><firstname>Giulia</firstname><surname>Gubitosi</surname><order>24</order></author><author><firstname>Ilaria</firstname><surname>Musella</surname><order>25</order></author><author><firstname>Indranil</firstname><surname>Banik</surname><order>26</order></author><author><firstname>Istvan</firstname><surname>Szapudi</surname><order>27</order></author><author><firstname>Jack</firstname><surname>Singal</surname><order>28</order></author><author><firstname>Jaume Haro</firstname><surname>Cases</surname><order>29</order></author><author><firstname>Jens</firstname><surname>Chluba</surname><order>30</order></author><author><firstname>Jes&#xFA;s</firstname><surname>Torrado</surname><order>31</order></author><author><firstname>Jurgen</firstname><surname>Mifsud</surname><order>32</order></author><author><firstname>Karsten</firstname><surname>Jedamzik</surname><order>33</order></author><author><firstname>Khaled</firstname><surname>Said</surname><order>34</order></author><author><firstname>Konstantinos</firstname><surname>Dialektopoulos</surname><order>35</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>Herold</surname><order>36</order></author><author><firstname>Leandros</firstname><surname>Perivolaropoulos</surname><order>37</order></author><author><firstname>Lei</firstname><surname>Zu</surname><order>38</order></author><author><firstname>Llu&#xED;s</firstname><surname>Galbany</surname><order>39</order></author><author><firstname>Louise</firstname><surname>Breuval</surname><order>40</order></author><author><firstname>Luca</firstname><surname>Visinelli</surname><order>41</order></author><author><firstname>Luis A.</firstname><surname>Escamilla</surname><order>42</order></author><author><firstname>Luis A.</firstname><surname>Anchordoqui</surname><order>43</order></author><author><firstname>M.M.</firstname><surname>Sheikh-Jabbari</surname><order>44</order></author><author><firstname>Margherita</firstname><surname>Lembo</surname><order>45</order></author><author><firstname>Maria Giovanna</firstname><surname>Dainotti</surname><order>46</order></author><author><firstname>Maria</firstname><surname>Vincenzi</surname><order>47</order></author><author><firstname>Marika</firstname><surname>Asgari</surname><order>48</order></author><author><firstname>Martina</firstname><surname>Gerbino</surname><order>49</order></author><author><firstname>Matteo</firstname><surname>Forconi</surname><order>50</order></author><author><firstname>Michele</firstname><surname>Cantiello</surname><order>51</order></author><author><firstname>Michele</firstname><surname>Moresco</surname><order>52</order></author><author><firstname>Micol</firstname><surname>Benetti</surname><order>53</order></author><author><firstname>Nils</firstname><surname>Sch&#xF6;neberg</surname><order>54</order></author><author><firstname>&#xD6;zg&#xFC;r</firstname><surname>Akarsu</surname><order>55</order></author><author><firstname>Rafael C.</firstname><surname>Nunes</surname><order>56</order></author><author><firstname>Reginald Christian</firstname><surname>Bernardo</surname><order>57</order></author><author><firstname>Ricardo</firstname><surname>Ch&#xE1;vez</surname><order>58</order></author><author><firstname>Richard I.</firstname><surname>Anderson</surname><order>59</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Watkins</surname><order>60</order></author><author><firstname>Salvatore</firstname><surname>Capozziello</surname><order>61</order></author><author><firstname>Siyang</firstname><surname>Li</surname><order>62</order></author><author><firstname>Sunny</firstname><surname>Vagnozzi</surname><order>63</order></author><author><firstname>Supriya</firstname><surname>Pan</surname><order>64</order></author><author><firstname>Tommaso</firstname><surname>Treu</surname><order>65</order></author><author><firstname>Vid</firstname><surname>Irsic</surname><order>66</order></author><author><firstname>Will</firstname><surname>Handley</surname><order>67</order></author><author><firstname>William</firstname><surname>Giar&#xE8;</surname><order>68</order></author><author><firstname>Yukei</firstname><surname>Murakami</surname><order>69</order></author><author><firstname>Abdolali</firstname><surname>Banihashemi</surname><order>70</order></author><author><firstname>Ad&#xE8;le</firstname><surname>Poudou</surname><order>71</order></author><author><firstname>Alan</firstname><surname>Heavens</surname><order>72</order></author><author><firstname>Alan</firstname><surname>Kogut</surname><order>73</order></author><author><firstname>Alba</firstname><surname>Domi</surname><order>74</order></author><author><firstname>Aleksander &#x141;ukasz</firstname><surname>Lenart</surname><order>75</order></author><author><firstname>Alessandro</firstname><surname>Melchiorri</surname><order>76</order></author><author><firstname>Alessandro</firstname><surname>Vadal&#xE0;</surname><order>77</order></author><author><firstname>Alexandra</firstname><surname>Amon</surname><order>78</order></author><author><firstname>Alexander Bonilla</firstname><surname>Rivera</surname><order>79</order></author><author><firstname>Alexander</firstname><surname>Reeves</surname><order>80</order></author><author><firstname>Alexander</firstname><surname>Zhuk</surname><order>81</order></author><author><firstname>Alfio</firstname><surname>Bonanno</surname><order>82</order></author><author><firstname>Ali</firstname><surname>&#xD6;vg&#xFC;n</surname><order>83</order></author><author><firstname>Alice</firstname><surname>Pisani</surname><order>84</order></author><author><firstname>Alireza</firstname><surname>Talebian</surname><order>85</order></author><author><firstname>Amare</firstname><surname>Abebe</surname><order>86</order></author><author><firstname>Amin</firstname><surname>Aboubrahim</surname><order>87</order></author><author><firstname>Ana Luisa Gonz&#xE1;lez</firstname><surname>Mor&#xE1;n</surname><order>88</order></author><author><firstname>Andr&#xE1;s</firstname><surname>Kov&#xE1;cs</surname><order>89</order></author><author><firstname>Andreas</firstname><surname>Lymperis</surname><order>90</order></author><author><firstname>Andreas</firstname><surname>Papatriantafyllou</surname><order>91</order></author><author><firstname>Andrew R.</firstname><surname>Liddle</surname><order>92</order></author><author><firstname>Andronikos</firstname><surname>Paliathanasis</surname><order>93</order></author><author><firstname>Andrzej</firstname><surname>Borowiec</surname><order>94</order></author><author><firstname>Anil Kumar</firstname><surname>Yadav</surname><order>95</order></author><author><firstname>Anita</firstname><surname>Yadav</surname><order>96</order></author><author><firstname>Anjan Ananda</firstname><surname>Sen</surname><order>97</order></author><author><firstname>Anjitha John</firstname><surname>William</surname><order>98</order></author><author><firstname>Anne Christine</firstname><surname>Davis</surname><order>99</order></author><author><firstname>Anowar J.</firstname><surname>Shajib</surname><order>100</order></author><author><firstname>Anthony</firstname><surname>Walters</surname><order>101</order></author><author><firstname>Anto Idicherian</firstname><surname>Lonappan</surname><order>102</order></author><author><firstname>Anton</firstname><surname>Chudaykin</surname><order>103</order></author><author><firstname>Antonio</firstname><surname>Capodagli</surname><order>104</order></author><author><firstname>Antonio da</firstname><surname>Silva</surname><order>105</order></author><author><firstname>Antonio De</firstname><surname>Felice</surname><order>106</order></author><author><firstname>Antonio</firstname><surname>Racioppi</surname><order>107</order></author><author><firstname>Araceli Soler</firstname><surname>Oficial</surname><order>108</order></author><author><firstname>Ariadna</firstname><surname>Montiel</surname><order>109</order></author><author><firstname>Arianna</firstname><surname>Favale</surname><order>110</order></author><author><firstname>Armando</firstname><surname>Bernui</surname><order>111</order></author><author><firstname>Arrianne Crystal</firstname><surname>Velasco</surname><order>112</order></author><author><firstname>Asta</firstname><surname>Heinesen</surname><order>113</order></author><author><firstname>Athanasios</firstname><surname>Bakopoulos</surname><order>114</order></author><author><firstname>Athanasios</firstname><surname>Chatzistavrakidis</surname><order>115</order></author><author><firstname>Bahman</firstname><surname>Khanpour</surname><order>116</order></author><author><firstname>Bangalore S.</firstname><surname>Sathyaprakash</surname><order>117</order></author><author><firstname>Bartek</firstname><surname>Zgirski</surname><order>118</order></author><author><firstname>Benjamin</firstname><surname>L&#x2019;Huillier</surname><order>119</order></author><author><firstname>Benoit</firstname><surname>Famaey</surname><order>120</order></author><author><firstname>Bhuvnesh</firstname><surname>Jain</surname><order>121</order></author><author><firstname>Bing</firstname><surname>Zhang</surname><order>122</order></author><author><firstname>Biswajit</firstname><surname>Karmakar</surname><order>123</order></author><author><firstname>Branko</firstname><surname>Dragovich</surname><order>124</order></author><author><firstname>Brooks</firstname><surname>Thomas</surname><order>125</order></author><author><firstname>Carlos</firstname><surname>Correa</surname><order>126</order></author><author><firstname>Carlos G.</firstname><surname>Boiza</surname><order>127</order></author><author><firstname>Catarina</firstname><surname>Marques</surname><order>128</order></author><author><firstname>Celia</firstname><surname>Escamilla-Rivera</surname><order>129</order></author><author><firstname>Charalampos</firstname><surname>Tzerefos</surname><order>130</order></author><author><firstname>Chi</firstname><surname>Zhang</surname><order>131</order></author><author><firstname>Chiara De</firstname><surname>Leo</surname><order>132</order></author><author><firstname>Christian</firstname><surname>Pfeifer</surname><order>133</order></author><author><firstname>Christine</firstname><surname>Lee</surname><order>134</order></author><author><firstname>Christo</firstname><surname>Venter</surname><order>135</order></author><author><firstname>Cl&#xE1;udio</firstname><surname>Gomes</surname><order>136</order></author><author><firstname>Clecio Roque De</firstname><surname>bom</surname><order>137</order></author><author><firstname>Cristian</firstname><surname>Moreno-Pulido</surname><order>138</order></author><author><firstname>Damianos</firstname><surname>Iosifidis</surname><order>139</order></author><author><firstname>Dan</firstname><surname>Grin</surname><order>140</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Blixt</surname><order>141</order></author><author><firstname>Dan</firstname><surname>Scolnic</surname><order>142</order></author><author><firstname>Daniele</firstname><surname>Oriti</surname><order>143</order></author><author><firstname>Daria</firstname><surname>Dobrycheva</surname><order>144</order></author><author><firstname>Dario</firstname><surname>Bettoni</surname><order>145</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Benisty</surname><order>146</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Fern&#xE1;ndez-Arenas</surname><order>147</order></author><author><firstname>David L.</firstname><surname>Wiltshire</surname><order>148</order></author><author><firstname>David Sanchez</firstname><surname>Cid</surname><order>149</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Tamayo</surname><order>150</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Valls-Gabaud</surname><order>151</order></author><author><firstname>Davide</firstname><surname>Pedrotti</surname><order>152</order></author><author><firstname>Deng</firstname><surname>Wang</surname><order>153</order></author><author><firstname>Denitsa</firstname><surname>Staicova</surname><order>154</order></author><author><firstname>Despoina</firstname><surname>Totolou</surname><order>155</order></author><author><firstname>Diego</firstname><surname>Rubiera-Garcia</surname><order>156</order></author><author><firstname>Dinko</firstname><surname>Milakovi&#x107;</surname><order>157</order></author><author><firstname>Dominic W.</firstname><surname>Pesce</surname><order>158</order></author><author><firstname>Dominique</firstname><surname>Sluse</surname><order>159</order></author><author><firstname>Du&#x161;ko</firstname><surname>Borka</surname><order>160</order></author><author><firstname>Ebrahim</firstname><surname>Yusofi</surname><order>161</order></author><author><firstname>Elena</firstname><surname>Giusarma</surname><order>162</order></author><author><firstname>Elena</firstname><surname>Terlevich</surname><order>163</order></author><author><firstname>Elena</firstname><surname>Tomasetti</surname><order>164</order></author><author><firstname>Elias C.</firstname><surname>Vagenas</surname><order>165</order></author><author><firstname>Elisa</firstname><surname>Fazzari</surname><order>166</order></author><author><firstname>Elisa G.M.</firstname><surname>Ferreira</surname><order>167</order></author><author><firstname>Elvis</firstname><surname>Barakovic</surname><order>168</order></author><author><firstname>Emanuela</firstname><surname>Dimastrogiovanni</surname><order>169</order></author><author><firstname>Emil Brinch</firstname><surname>Holm</surname><order>170</order></author><author><firstname>Emil</firstname><surname>Mottola</surname><order>171</order></author><author><firstname>Emre</firstname><surname>&#xD6;z&#xFC;lker</surname><order>172</order></author><author><firstname>Enrico</firstname><surname>Specogna</surname><order>173</order></author><author><firstname>Enzo</firstname><surname>Brocato</surname><order>174</order></author><author><firstname>Erik</firstname><surname>Jensko</surname><order>175</order></author><author><firstname>Erika Antonette</firstname><surname>Enriquez</surname><order>176</order></author><author><firstname>Esha</firstname><surname>Bhatia</surname><order>177</order></author><author><firstname>Fabio</firstname><surname>Bresolin</surname><order>178</order></author><author><firstname>Felipe</firstname><surname>Avila</surname><order>179</order></author><author><firstname>Filippo</firstname><surname>Bouch&#xE8;</surname><order>180</order></author><author><firstname>Flavio</firstname><surname>Bombacigno</surname><order>181</order></author><author><firstname>Fotios K.</firstname><surname>Anagnostopoulos</surname><order>182</order></author><author><firstname>Francesco</firstname><surname>Pace</surname><order>183</order></author><author><firstname>Francesco</firstname><surname>Sorrenti</surname><order>184</order></author><author><firstname>Francisco S.N.</firstname><surname>Lobo</surname><order>185</order></author><author><firstname>Fr&#xE9;d&#xE9;ric</firstname><surname>Courbin</surname><order>186</order></author><author><firstname>Frode K.</firstname><surname>Hansen</surname><order>187</order></author><author><firstname>Greg</firstname><surname>Sloan</surname><order>188</order></author><author><firstname>Gabriel</firstname><surname>Farrugia</surname><order>189</order></author><author><firstname>Gabriel</firstname><surname>Lynch</surname><order>190</order></author><author><firstname>Gabriela</firstname><surname>Garcia-Arroyo</surname><order>191</order></author><author><firstname>Gabriella</firstname><surname>Raimondo</surname><order>192</order></author><author><firstname>Gaetano</firstname><surname>Lambiase</surname><order>193</order></author><author><firstname>Gagandeep S.</firstname><surname>Anand</surname><order>194</order></author><author><firstname>Gaspard</firstname><surname>Poulot</surname><order>195</order></author><author><firstname>Genly</firstname><surname>Leon</surname><order>196</order></author><author><firstname>Gerasimos</firstname><surname>Kouniatalis</surname><order>197</order></author><author><firstname>Germano</firstname><surname>Nardini</surname><order>198</order></author><author><firstname>G&#xE9;za</firstname><surname>Cs&#xF6;rnyei</surname><order>199</order></author><author><firstname>Giacomo</firstname><surname>Galloni</surname><order>200</order></author><author><firstname>Giada</firstname><surname>Bargiacchi</surname><order>201</order></author><author><firstname>Giannis</firstname><surname>Papagiannopoulos</surname><order>202</order></author><author><firstname>Giovanni</firstname><surname>Montani</surname><order>203</order></author><author><firstname>Giovanni</firstname><surname>Otalora</surname><order>204</order></author><author><firstname>Giulia De</firstname><surname>Somma</surname><order>205</order></author><author><firstname>Giuliana</firstname><surname>Fiorentino</surname><order>206</order></author><author><firstname>Giuseppe</firstname><surname>Fanizza</surname><order>207</order></author><author><firstname>Giuseppe Gaetano</firstname><surname>Luciano</surname><order>208</order></author><author><firstname>Giuseppe</firstname><surname>Sarracino</surname><order>209</order></author><author><firstname>Gonzalo J.</firstname><surname>Olmo</surname><order>210</order></author><author><firstname>Goran S.</firstname><surname>Djordjevi&#x107;</surname><order>211</order></author><author><firstname>Guadalupe</firstname><surname>Ca&#xF1;as-Herrera</surname><order>212</order></author><author><firstname>Hanyu</firstname><surname>Cheng</surname><order>213</order></author><author><firstname>Harry</firstname><surname>Desmond</surname><order>214</order></author><author><firstname>Hassan</firstname><surname>Abdalla</surname><order>215</order></author><author><firstname>Houzun</firstname><surname>Chen</surname><order>216</order></author><author><firstname>Hsu-Wen</firstname><surname>Chiang</surname><order>217</order></author><author><firstname>Hume A.</firstname><surname>Feldman</surname><order>218</order></author><author><firstname>Hussain</firstname><surname>Gohar</surname><order>219</order></author><author><firstname>Ido</firstname><surname>Ben-Dayan</surname><order>220</order></author><author><firstname>Ignacio</firstname><surname>Sevilla-Noarbe</surname><order>221</order></author><author><firstname>Ignatios</firstname><surname>Antoniadis</surname><order>222</order></author><author><firstname>Ilim</firstname><surname>Cimdiker</surname><order>223</order></author><author><firstname>In&#xEA;s S.</firstname><surname>Albuquerque</surname><order>224</order></author><author><firstname>Ioannis D.</firstname><surname>Gialamas</surname><order>225</order></author><author><firstname>Ippocratis</firstname><surname>Saltas</surname><order>226</order></author><author><firstname>Iryna</firstname><surname>Vavilova</surname><order>227</order></author><author><firstname>Isidro</firstname><surname>G&#xF3;mez-Vargas</surname><order>228</order></author><author><firstname>Ismael</firstname><surname>Ayuso</surname><order>229</order></author><author><firstname>Ismailov Nariman</firstname><surname>Zeynalabdi</surname><order>230</order></author><author><firstname>Ivan De</firstname><surname>Martino</surname><order>231</order></author><author><firstname>Ivonne</firstname><surname>Zavala Carrasco</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5589-9928</orcid><order>232</order></author><author><firstname>J. Alberto</firstname><surname>V&#xE1;zquez</surname><order>233</order></author><author><firstname>Jacobo</firstname><surname>Asorey</surname><order>234</order></author><author><firstname>Janusz</firstname><surname>Gluza</surname><order>235</order></author><author><firstname>Javier</firstname><surname>Rubio</surname><order>236</order></author><author><firstname>Jenny G.</firstname><surname>Sorce</surname><order>237</order></author><author><firstname>Jenny</firstname><surname>Wagner</surname><order>238</order></author><author><firstname>Jeremy</firstname><surname>Sakstein</surname><order>239</order></author><author><firstname>Jessica</firstname><surname>Santiago</surname><order>240</order></author><author><firstname>Jim</firstname><surname>Braatz</surname><order>241</order></author><author><firstname>Joan Sol&#xE0;</firstname><surname>Peracaula</surname><order>242</order></author><author><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Blakeslee</surname><order>243</order></author><author><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Webb</surname><order>244</order></author><author><firstname>Jose A.R.</firstname><surname>Cembranos</surname><order>245</order></author><author><firstname>Jos&#xE9; Pedro</firstname><surname>Mimoso</surname><order>246</order></author><author><firstname>Joseph</firstname><surname>Jensen</surname><order>247</order></author><author><firstname>Juan</firstname><surname>Garc&#xED;a-Bellido</surname><order>248</order></author><author><firstname>Judit</firstname><surname>Prat</surname><order>249</order></author><author><firstname>Kathleen</firstname><surname>Sammut</surname><order>250</order></author><author><firstname>Kay</firstname><surname>Lehnert</surname><order>251</order></author><author><firstname>Keith R.</firstname><surname>Dienes</surname><order>252</order></author><author><firstname>Kishan</firstname><surname>Deka</surname><order>253</order></author><author><firstname>Konrad</firstname><surname>Kuijken</surname><order>254</order></author><author><firstname>Krishna</firstname><surname>Naidoo</surname><order>255</order></author><author><firstname>L&#xE1;szl&#xF3; &#xC1;rp&#xE1;d</firstname><surname>Gergely</surname><order>256</order></author><author><firstname>Laur</firstname><surname>J&#xE4;rv</surname><order>257</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>Mersini-Houghton</surname><order>258</order></author><author><firstname>Leila L.</firstname><surname>Graef</surname><order>259</order></author><author><firstname>L&#xE9;o</firstname><surname>Vacher</surname><order>260</order></author><author><firstname>Levon</firstname><surname>Pogosian</surname><order>261</order></author><author><firstname>Lilia</firstname><surname>Anguelova</surname><order>262</order></author><author><firstname>Lindita</firstname><surname>Hamolli</surname><order>263</order></author><author><firstname>Lu</firstname><surname>Yin</surname><order>264</order></author><author><firstname>Luca</firstname><surname>Caloni</surname><order>265</order></author><author><firstname>Luca</firstname><surname>Izzo</surname><order>266</order></author><author><firstname>Lucas</firstname><surname>Macri</surname><order>267</order></author><author><firstname>Luis E.</firstname><surname>Padilla</surname><order>268</order></author><author><firstname>Luz &#xC1;ngela</firstname><surname>Garc&#xED;a</surname><order>269</order></author><author><firstname>Maciej</firstname><surname>Bilicki</surname><order>270</order></author><author><firstname>Mahdi</firstname><surname>Najafi</surname><order>271</order></author><author><firstname>Manolis</firstname><surname>Plionis</surname><order>272</order></author><author><firstname>Manuel</firstname><surname>Gonzalez-Espinoza</surname><order>273</order></author><author><firstname>Manuel</firstname><surname>Hohmann</surname><order>274</order></author><author><firstname>Marcel A. van der</firstname><surname>Westhuizen</surname><order>275</order></author><author><firstname>Marcella</firstname><surname>Marconi</surname><order>276</order></author><author><firstname>Marcin</firstname><surname>Postolak</surname><order>277</order></author><author><firstname>Marco de</firstname><surname>Cesare</surname><order>278</order></author><author><firstname>Marco</firstname><surname>Regis</surname><order>279</order></author><author><firstname>Marek</firstname><surname>Biesiada</surname><order>280</order></author><author><firstname>Maret</firstname><surname>Einasto</surname><order>281</order></author><author><firstname>Margus</firstname><surname>Saal</surname><order>282</order></author><author><firstname>Maria</firstname><surname>Caruana</surname><order>283</order></author><author><firstname>Maria</firstname><surname>Petronikolou</surname><order>284</order></author><author><firstname>Mariam</firstname><surname>Bouhmadi-L&#xF3;pez</surname><order>285</order></author><author><firstname>Mariana</firstname><surname>Melo</surname><order>286</order></author><author><firstname>Mariaveronica De</firstname><surname>Angelis</surname><order>287</order></author><author><firstname>Marie-No&#xEB;lle</firstname><surname>C&#xE9;l&#xE9;rier</surname><order>288</order></author><author><firstname>Marina</firstname><surname>Cort&#xEA;s</surname><order>289</order></author><author><firstname>Mark</firstname><surname>Reid</surname><order>290</order></author><author><firstname>Markus Michael</firstname><surname>Rau</surname><order>291</order></author><author><firstname>Martin S.</firstname><surname>Sloth</surname><order>292</order></author><author><firstname>Martti</firstname><surname>Raidal</surname><order>293</order></author><author><firstname>Masahiro</firstname><surname>Takada</surname><order>294</order></author><author><firstname>Masoume</firstname><surname>Reyhani</surname><order>295</order></author><author><firstname>Massimiliano</firstname><surname>Romanello</surname><order>296</order></author><author><firstname>Massimo</firstname><surname>Marengo</surname><order>297</order></author><author><firstname>Mathias</firstname><surname>Garny</surname><order>298</order></author><author><firstname>Mat&#xED;as</firstname><surname>Leizerovich</surname><order>299</order></author><author><firstname>Matteo</firstname><surname>Martinelli</surname><order>300</order></author><author><firstname>Matteo</firstname><surname>Tagliazucchi</surname><order>301</order></author><author><firstname>Mehmet</firstname><surname>Demirci</surname><order>302</order></author><author><firstname>Miguel A.S.</firstname><surname>Pinto</surname><order>303</order></author><author><firstname>Miguel A.</firstname><surname>Sabogal</surname><order>304</order></author><author><firstname>Miguel A.</firstname><surname>Garc&#xED;a-Aspeitia</surname><order>305</order></author><author><firstname>Milan</firstname><surname>Milo&#x161;evi&#x107;</surname><order>306</order></author><author><firstname>Mina</firstname><surname>Ghodsi</surname><order>307</order></author><author><firstname>Mustapha</firstname><surname>Ishak</surname><order>308</order></author><author><firstname>Nelson J.</firstname><surname>Nunes</surname><order>309</order></author><author><firstname>Nick</firstname><surname>Samaras</surname><order>310</order></author><author><firstname>Nico</firstname><surname>Hamaus</surname><order>311</order></author><author><firstname>Nico</firstname><surname>Schuster</surname><order>312</order></author><author><firstname>Nicola</firstname><surname>Borghi</surname><order>313</order></author><author><firstname>Nicola</firstname><surname>Deiosso</surname><order>314</order></author><author><firstname>Nicola</firstname><surname>Tamanini</surname><order>315</order></author><author><firstname>Nicolao</firstname><surname>Fornengo</surname><order>316</order></author><author><firstname>Nihan</firstname><surname>Kat&#x131;rc&#x131;</surname><order>317</order></author><author><firstname>Nikolaos E.</firstname><surname>Mavromatos</surname><order>318</order></author><author><firstname>Nicholas</firstname><surname>Petropoulos</surname><order>319</order></author><author><firstname>Nikolina</firstname><surname>&#x160;ar&#x10D;evi&#x107;</surname><order>320</order></author><author><firstname>Nils A.</firstname><surname>Nilsson</surname><order>321</order></author><author><firstname>Nima</firstname><surname>Khosravi</surname><order>322</order></author><author><firstname>Noemi</firstname><surname>Frusciante</surname><order>323</order></author><author><firstname>Octavian</firstname><surname>Postavaru</surname><order>324</order></author><author><firstname>Oem</firstname><surname>Trivedi</surname><order>325</order></author><author><firstname>Oleksii</firstname><surname>Sokoliuk</surname><order>326</order></author><author><firstname>Olga</firstname><surname>Mena</surname><order>327</order></author><author><firstname>Paloma</firstname><surname>Morilla</surname><order>328</order></author><author><firstname>Paolo</firstname><surname>Campeti</surname><order>329</order></author><author><firstname>Paolo</firstname><surname>Salucci</surname><order>330</order></author><author><firstname>Paula</firstname><surname>Boubel</surname><order>331</order></author><author><firstname>Pawe&#x142;</firstname><surname>Bielewicz</surname><order>332</order></author><author><firstname>Pekka</firstname><surname>Hein&#xE4;m&#xE4;ki</surname><order>333</order></author><author><firstname>Petar</firstname><surname>Suman</surname><order>334</order></author><author><firstname>Petros</firstname><surname>Asimakis</surname><order>335</order></author><author><firstname>Pierros</firstname><surname>Ntelis</surname><order>336</order></author><author><firstname>Pran</firstname><surname>Nath</surname><order>337</order></author><author><firstname>Predrag</firstname><surname>Jovanovi&#x107;</surname><order>338</order></author><author><firstname>Purba</firstname><surname>Mukherjee</surname><order>339</order></author><author><firstname>Rados&#x142;aw</firstname><surname>Wojtak</surname><order>340</order></author><author><firstname>Rafaela</firstname><surname>Gsponer</surname><order>341</order></author><author><firstname>Rafid H.</firstname><surname>Dejrah</surname><order>342</order></author><author><firstname>Rahul</firstname><surname>Shah</surname><order>343</order></author><author><firstname>Rasmi</firstname><surname>Hajjar</surname><order>344</order></author><author><firstname>Rebecca</firstname><surname>Briffa</surname><order>345</order></author><author><firstname>Rebecca</firstname><surname>Habas</surname><order>346</order></author><author><firstname>Reggie C.</firstname><surname>Pantig</surname><order>347</order></author><author><firstname>Renier</firstname><surname>Mendoza</surname><order>348</order></author><author><firstname>Riccardo Della</firstname><surname>Monica</surname><order>349</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Stiskalek</surname><order>350</order></author><author><firstname>Rishav</firstname><surname>Roshan</surname><order>351</order></author><author><firstname>Rita B.</firstname><surname>Neves</surname><order>352</order></author><author><firstname>Roberto</firstname><surname>Molinaro</surname><order>353</order></author><author><firstname>Roberto</firstname><surname>Terlevich</surname><order>354</order></author><author><firstname>Rocco</firstname><surname>D&#x2019;Agostino</surname><order>355</order></author><author><firstname>Rodrigo</firstname><surname>Sandoval-Orozco</surname><order>356</order></author><author><firstname>Ronaldo C.</firstname><surname>Batista</surname><order>357</order></author><author><firstname/><surname>Ruchika</surname><order>358</order></author><author><firstname>Ruth</firstname><surname>Lazkoz</surname><order>359</order></author><author><firstname>Saeed</firstname><surname>Rastgoo</surname><order>360</order></author><author><firstname>Sahar</firstname><surname>Mohammadi</surname><order>361</order></author><author><firstname>Salvatore Samuele</firstname><surname>Sirletti</surname><order>362</order></author><author><firstname>Sandeep</firstname><surname>Haridasu</surname><order>363</order></author><author><firstname>Sanjay</firstname><surname>Mandal</surname><order>364</order></author><author><firstname>Saurya</firstname><surname>Das</surname><order>365</order></author><author><firstname>Sebastian</firstname><surname>Bahamonde</surname><order>366</order></author><author><firstname>Sebastian</firstname><surname>Grandis</surname><order>367</order></author><author><firstname>Sebastian</firstname><surname>Trojanowski</surname><order>368</order></author><author><firstname>Sergei D.</firstname><surname>Odintsov</surname><order>369</order></author><author><firstname>Sergij</firstname><surname>Mazurenko</surname><order>370</order></author><author><firstname>Shahab</firstname><surname>Joudaki</surname><order>371</order></author><author><firstname>Sherry H.</firstname><surname>Suyu</surname><order>372</order></author><author><firstname>Shouvik Roy</firstname><surname>Choudhury</surname><order>373</order></author><author><firstname>Shruti</firstname><surname>Bhatporia</surname><order>374</order></author><author><firstname>Shun-Sheng</firstname><surname>Li</surname><order>375</order></author><author><firstname>Simeon</firstname><surname>Bird</surname><order>376</order></author><author><firstname>Simon</firstname><surname>Birrer</surname><order>377</order></author><author><firstname>Simone</firstname><surname>Paradiso</surname><order>378</order></author><author><firstname>Simony Santos da</firstname><surname>Costa</surname><order>379</order></author><author><firstname>Sofia</firstname><surname>Contarini</surname><order>380</order></author><author><firstname>Sophie</firstname><surname>Henrot-Versill&#xE9;</surname><order>381</order></author><author><firstname>Spyros</firstname><surname>Basilakos</surname><order>382</order></author><author><firstname>Stefano</firstname><surname>Casertano</surname><order>383</order></author><author><firstname>Stefano</firstname><surname>Gariazzo</surname><order>384</order></author><author><firstname>Stylianos A.</firstname><surname>Tsilioukas</surname><order>385</order></author><author><firstname>Surajit</firstname><surname>Kalita</surname><order>386</order></author><author><firstname>Suresh</firstname><surname>Kumar</surname><order>387</order></author><author><firstname>Susana J.</firstname><surname>Landau</surname><order>388</order></author><author><firstname>Sveva</firstname><surname>Castello</surname><order>389</order></author><author><firstname>Swayamtrupta</firstname><surname>Panda</surname><order>390</order></author><author><firstname>Tanja</firstname><surname>Petrushevska</surname><order>391</order></author><author><firstname>Thanasis</firstname><surname>Karakasis</surname><order>392</order></author><author><firstname>Thejs</firstname><surname>Brinckmann</surname><order>393</order></author><author><firstname>Tiago B.</firstname><surname>Gon&#xE7;alves</surname><order>394</order></author><author><firstname>Tiziano</firstname><surname>Schiavone</surname><order>395</order></author><author><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Abel</surname><order>396</order></author><author><firstname>Tomi</firstname><surname>Koivisto</surname><order>397</order></author><author><firstname>Torsten</firstname><surname>Bringmann</surname><order>398</order></author><author><firstname>Umut</firstname><surname>Demirbozan</surname><order>399</order></author><author><firstname>Utkarsh</firstname><surname>Kumar</surname><order>400</order></author><author><firstname>Valerio</firstname><surname>Marra</surname><order>401</order></author><author><firstname>Maurice H.P.M. van</firstname><surname>Putten</surname><order>402</order></author><author><firstname>Vasileios</firstname><surname>Kalaitzidis</surname><order>403</order></author><author><firstname>Vasiliki A.</firstname><surname>Mitsou</surname><order>404</order></author><author><firstname>Vasilios</firstname><surname>Zarikas</surname><order>405</order></author><author><firstname>Vedad</firstname><surname>Pasic</surname><order>406</order></author><author><firstname>Venus</firstname><surname>Keus</surname><order>407</order></author><author><firstname>Ver&#xF3;nica</firstname><surname>Motta</surname><order>408</order></author><author><firstname>Vesna Borka</firstname><surname>Jovanovi&#x107;</surname><order>409</order></author><author><firstname>V&#xED;ctor H.</firstname><surname>C&#xE1;rdenas</surname><order>410</order></author><author><firstname>Vincenzo</firstname><surname>Ripepi</surname><order>411</order></author><author><firstname>Vincenzo</firstname><surname>Salzano</surname><order>412</order></author><author><firstname>Violetta</firstname><surname>Impellizzeri</surname><order>413</order></author><author><firstname>Vitor da</firstname><surname>Fonseca</surname><order>414</order></author><author><firstname>Vittorio</firstname><surname>Ghirardini</surname><order>415</order></author><author><firstname>Vladas</firstname><surname>Vansevi&#x10D;ius</surname><order>416</order></author><author><firstname>Weiqiang</firstname><surname>Yang</surname><order>417</order></author><author><firstname>Wojciech</firstname><surname>Hellwing</surname><order>418</order></author><author><firstname>Xin</firstname><surname>Ren</surname><order>419</order></author><author><firstname>Yu-Min</firstname><surname>Hu</surname><order>420</order></author><author><firstname>Yuejia</firstname><surname>Zhai</surname><order>421</order></author><author><firstname>Abdul Malik</firstname><surname>Sultan</surname><order>422</order></author><author><firstname>Abdurakhmon</firstname><surname>Nosirov</surname><order>423</order></author><author><firstname>Adrienn</firstname><surname>Pataki</surname><order>424</order></author><author><firstname>Alessandro</firstname><surname>Santoni</surname><order>425</order></author><author><firstname>Aliya</firstname><surname>Batool</surname><order>426</order></author><author><firstname>Amlan</firstname><surname>Chakraborty</surname><order>427</order></author><author><firstname>Aneta</firstname><surname>Wojnar</surname><order>428</order></author><author><firstname>Arman</firstname><surname>Tursunov</surname><order>429</order></author><author><firstname>Avik</firstname><surname>De</surname><order>430</order></author><author><firstname>Ayush</firstname><surname>Hazarika</surname><order>431</order></author><author><firstname>Baojiu</firstname><surname>Li</surname><order>432</order></author><author><firstname>Benjamin</firstname><surname>Bose</surname><order>433</order></author><author><firstname>Bivudutta</firstname><surname>Mishra</surname><order>434</order></author><author><firstname>Bobomurat</firstname><surname>Ahmedov</surname><order>435</order></author><author><firstname>Claudia</firstname><surname>Sc&#xF3;ccola</surname><order>436</order></author><author><firstname>Crescenzo</firstname><surname>Tortora</surname><order>437</order></author><author><firstname>D&#x2019;Arcy</firstname><surname>Kenworthy</surname><order>438</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel E.</firstname><surname>Holz</surname><order>439</order></author><author><firstname>David F.</firstname><surname>Mota</surname><order>440</order></author><author><firstname>David S.</firstname><surname>Pereira</surname><order>441</order></author><author><firstname>Devon M.</firstname><surname>Williams</surname><order>442</order></author><author><firstname>Dillon</firstname><surname>Brout</surname><order>443</order></author><author><firstname>Dong Ha</firstname><surname>Lee</surname><order>444</order></author><author><firstname>Eduardo</firstname><surname>Guendelman</surname><order>445</order></author><author><firstname>Edward</firstname><surname>Olex</surname><order>446</order></author><author><firstname>Emanuelly</firstname><surname>Silva</surname><order>447</order></author><author><firstname>Emre Onur</firstname><surname>Kahya</surname><order>448</order></author><author><firstname>Eva-Maria</firstname><surname>Mueller</surname><order>449</order></author><author><firstname>Felipe</firstname><surname>Andrade-Oliveira</surname><order>450</order></author><author><firstname>Feven Markos</firstname><surname>Hunde</surname><order>451</order></author><author><firstname>F.R.</firstname><surname>Joaquim</surname><order>452</order></author><author><firstname>Florian</firstname><surname>Pacaud</surname><order>453</order></author><author><firstname>Francis-Yan</firstname><surname>Cyr-Racine</surname><order>454</order></author><author><firstname>F. Pozo</firstname><surname>Nu&#xF1;ez</surname><order>455</order></author><author><firstname>G&#xE1;bor</firstname><surname>R&#xE1;cz</surname><order>456</order></author><author><firstname>Gene Carlo</firstname><surname>Belinario</surname><order>457</order></author><author><firstname>Geraint F.</firstname><surname>Lewis</surname><order>458</order></author><author><firstname>Gergely</firstname><surname>D&#xE1;lya</surname><order>459</order></author><author><firstname>Giorgio</firstname><surname>Laverda</surname><order>460</order></author><author><firstname>Guido</firstname><surname>Risaliti</surname><order>461</order></author><author><firstname>Guillermo</firstname><surname>Franco-Abell&#xE1;n</surname><order>462</order></author><author><firstname>Hayden</firstname><surname>Zammit</surname><order>463</order></author><author><firstname>Hayley</firstname><surname>Camilleri</surname><order>464</order></author><author><firstname>Helene M.</firstname><surname>Courtois</surname><order>465</order></author><author><firstname>Hooman</firstname><surname>Moradpour</surname><order>466</order></author><author><firstname>Igor de Oliveira Cardoso</firstname><surname>Pedreira</surname><order>467</order></author><author><firstname>Il&#xED;dio</firstname><surname>Lopes</surname><order>468</order></author><author><firstname>Istv&#xE1;n</firstname><surname>Csabai</surname><order>469</order></author><author><firstname>James W.</firstname><surname>Rohlf</surname><order>470</order></author><author><firstname>Jana</firstname><surname>Bogdanoska</surname><order>471</order></author><author><firstname>Javier de Cruz</firstname><surname>P&#xE9;rez</surname><order>472</order></author><author><firstname>Joan</firstname><surname>Bachs-Esteban</surname><order>473</order></author><author><firstname>Joseph</firstname><surname>Sultana</surname><order>474</order></author><author><firstname>Julien</firstname><surname>Lesgourgues</surname><order>475</order></author><author><firstname>Jun-Qian</firstname><surname>Jiang</surname><order>476</order></author><author><firstname>Karem Pe&#xF1;al&#xF3;</firstname><surname>Castillo</surname><order>477</order></author><author><firstname>Kimet</firstname><surname>Jusufi</surname><order>478</order></author><author><firstname>Lavinia</firstname><surname>Heisenberg</surname><order>479</order></author><author><firstname>Laxmipriya</firstname><surname>Pati</surname><order>480</order></author><author><firstname>L&#xF3;n V.E.</firstname><surname>Koopmans</surname><order>481</order></author><author><firstname>Lokesh kumar</firstname><surname>Duchaniya</surname><order>482</order></author><author><firstname>Lucas</firstname><surname>Lombriser</surname><order>483</order></author><author><firstname>Mar&#xED;a P&#xE9;rez</firstname><surname>Garrote</surname><order>484</order></author><author><firstname>Mariano</firstname><surname>Dom&#xED;nguez</surname><order>485</order></author><author><firstname>Marine</firstname><surname>Samsonyan</surname><order>486</order></author><author><firstname>Mark</firstname><surname>Pace</surname><order>487</order></author><author><firstname>Martin</firstname><surname>Kr&#x161;&#x161;&#xE1;k</surname><order>488</order></author><author><firstname>Masroor C.</firstname><surname>Pookkillath</surname><order>489</order></author><author><firstname>Matteo</firstname><surname>Peronaci</surname><order>490</order></author><author><firstname>Matteo</firstname><surname>Piani</surname><order>491</order></author><author><firstname>Matthildi</firstname><surname>Raftogianni</surname><order>492</order></author><author><firstname>Meet J.</firstname><surname>Vyas</surname><order>493</order></author><author><firstname>Melina</firstname><surname>Michalopoulou</surname><order>494</order></author><author><firstname>Merab</firstname><surname>Gogberashvili</surname><order>495</order></author><author><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Klasen</surname><order>496</order></author><author><firstname>Michele</firstname><surname>Cicoli</surname><order>497</order></author><author><firstname>Miguel</firstname><surname>Quartin</surname><order>498</order></author><author><firstname>Miguel</firstname><surname>Zumalac&#xE1;rregui</surname><order>499</order></author><author><firstname>Milan S.</firstname><surname>Dimitrijevi&#x107;</surname><order>500</order></author><author><firstname>Milos</firstname><surname>Dordevic</surname><order>501</order></author><author><firstname>Mindaugas</firstname><surname>Kar&#x10D;iauskas</surname><order>502</order></author><author><firstname>Morgan Le</firstname><surname>Delliou</surname><order>503</order></author><author><firstname>Nastassia</firstname><surname>Grimm</surname><order>504</order></author><author><firstname>Nicol&#xE1;s Augusto</firstname><surname>Kozameh</surname><order>505</order></author><author><firstname>Nicoleta</firstname><surname>Voicu</surname><order>506</order></author><author><firstname>Nicolina</firstname><surname>Pop</surname><order>507</order></author><author><firstname>Nikos</firstname><surname>Chatzifotis</surname><order>508</order></author><author><firstname>Odil</firstname><surname>Yunusov</surname><order>509</order></author><author><firstname>Oliver Fabio</firstname><surname>Piattella</surname><order>510</order></author><author><firstname>Pedro da Silveira</firstname><surname>Ferreira</surname><order>511</order></author><author><firstname>P&#xE9;ter</firstname><surname>Raffai</surname><order>512</order></author><author><firstname>Peter</firstname><surname>Schupp</surname><order>513</order></author><author><firstname>Pilar</firstname><surname>Ruiz-Lapuente</surname><order>514</order></author><author><firstname>Pradyumn Kumar</firstname><surname>Sahoo</surname><order>515</order></author><author><firstname>Roberto V.</firstname><surname>Maluf</surname><order>516</order></author><author><firstname>Ruth</firstname><surname>Durrer</surname><order>517</order></author><author><firstname>S.A.</firstname><surname>Kadam</surname><order>518</order></author><author><firstname>Sabino</firstname><surname>Matarrese</surname><order>519</order></author><author><firstname>Samuel</firstname><surname>Brieden</surname><order>520</order></author><author><firstname>Santiago</firstname><surname>Gonz&#xE1;lez-Gait&#xE1;n</surname><order>521</order></author><author><firstname>Santosh V.</firstname><surname>Lohakare</surname><order>522</order></author><author><firstname>Scott</firstname><surname>Watson</surname><order>523</order></author><author><firstname>Shao-Jiang</firstname><surname>Wang</surname><order>524</order></author><author><firstname>Sim&#xE3;o Marques</firstname><surname>Nunes</surname><order>525</order></author><author><firstname>Soumya</firstname><surname>Chakrabarti</surname><order>526</order></author><author><firstname>Subinoy</firstname><surname>Das</surname><order>527</order></author><author><firstname>Suvodip</firstname><surname>Mukherjee</surname><order>528</order></author><author><firstname>Tajron</firstname><surname>Juri&#x107;</surname><order>529</order></author><author><firstname>Tessa</firstname><surname>Baker</surname><order>530</order></author><author><firstname>Theodoros</firstname><surname>Nakas</surname><order>531</order></author><author><firstname>Tiago</firstname><surname>Barreiro</surname><order>532</order></author><author><firstname>Upala</firstname><surname>Mukhopadhyay</surname><order>533</order></author><author><firstname>Veljko</firstname><surname>Vuj&#x10D;i&#x107;</surname><order>534</order></author><author><firstname>Violetta</firstname><surname>Sagun</surname><order>535</order></author><author><firstname>Vladimir A.</firstname><surname>Sre&#x107;kovi&#x107;</surname><order>536</order></author><author><firstname>Wangzheng</firstname><surname>Zhang</surname><order>537</order></author><author><firstname>Yo</firstname><surname>Toda</surname><order>538</order></author><author><firstname>Yun-Song</firstname><surname>Piao</surname><order>539</order></author><author><firstname>Zahra</firstname><surname>Davari</surname><order>540</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>70101__34906__06b60fd3308146af9b3dd2ecccf76387.pdf</filename><originalFilename>70101.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2025-08-04T10:41:40.8262177</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>63654464</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2025-08-04T10:48:08.5002260 v2 70101 2025-08-04 The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics 2fb8d4bb665e9a89d3b3478c17f646f8 0000-0002-5589-9928 Ivonne Zavala Carrasco Ivonne Zavala Carrasco true false 2025-08-04 BGPS The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described by the standard model of particle physics and a cold dark matter contribution, as well as very early-time inflationary physics, and underpinned by gravitation through general relativity. There have always been open questions about the soundness of the foundations of the standard model. However, recent years have shown that there may also be questions from the observational sector with the emergence of differences between certain cosmological probes. In this White Paper, we identify the key objectives that need to be addressed over the coming decade together with the core science projects that aim to meet these challenges. These discordances primarily rest on the divergence in the measurement of core cosmological parameters with varying levels of statistical confidence. These possible statistical tensions may be partially accounted for by systematics in various measurements or cosmological probes but there is also a growing indication of potential new physics beyond the standard model. After reviewing the principal probes used in the measurement of cosmological parameters, as well as potential systematics, we discuss the most promising array of potential new physics that may be observable in upcoming surveys. We also discuss the growing set of novel data analysis approaches that go beyond traditional methods to test physical models. These new methods will become increasingly important in the coming years as the volume of survey data continues to increase, and as the degeneracy between predictions of different physical models grows. There are several perspectives on the divergences between the values of cosmological parameters, such as the model-independent probes in the late Universe and model-dependent measurements in the early Universe, which we cover at length. The White Paper closes with a number of recommendations for the community to focus on for the upcoming decade of observational cosmology, statistical data analysis, and fundamental physics developments. Journal Article Physics of the Dark Universe 49 101965 Elsevier BV 2212-6864 1 9 2025 2025-09-01 10.1016/j.dark.2025.101965 Review COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This paper is based upon work from COST Action CA21136 Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics (CosmoVerse) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). EDV is supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellowship. JLS would also like to acknowledge funding from “Xjenza Malta” as part of the “Technology Development Programme” DTP-2024-014 (CosmicLearning) Project and the “XM-TÜBÄ°TAK R&I Programme” BridgingCosmology project. AGV is funded by “la Caixa” Foundation, Spain (ID 100010434) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 847648, with fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI23/11970027. AP acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Centre through the grant 2023/50/A/ST9/00579. AP is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 2308193. CvdB is supported by the Lancaster–Sheffield Consortium for Fundamental Physics under STFC grant: ST/X000621/1. CU was supported by UKRI STFC ST/W001020 /1 and European Union ERC StG, LSS_BeyondAverage, 101075919. DE acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland under grant agreement 200021_212576. EMT is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s HORIZON-ERC-2022 (grant agreement no. 101076865). ENS acknowledges the contribution of the LISA CosWG. This project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 853291). FB acknowledges the support of the Royal Society through the University Research Fellowship. The work of FN is supported by VR Starting Grant 2022-03160 of the Swedish Research Council. GB is supported by the Spanish grants CIPROM/2021/054 (Generalitat Valenciana) and PID2023-151418NB-I00 funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. IS acknowledges NASA, United States grants N4-ADAP24-0021 and 24-ADAP24-0074, and this research was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-2309135 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). JT is supported by a Ramón Cajal contract by the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation and Universities with Ref. RYC2023-045660-I. JM would also like to acknowledge funding from “Xjenza Malta” as part of the “Technology Development Programme” DTP-2024-014 (CosmicLearning) Project. KS acknowledges support from the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), through project number CE230100016. K.F.D. was supported by the PNRR-III-C9-2022–I9 call, with project number 760016/27.01.2023, and funding from “Xjenza Malta” as part of the “XM-TÜBÄ°TAK R&I Programme” BridgingCosmology project. LZ is supported by the NAWA Ulam fellowship (No. BPN/ULM/2023/1/00107/U/00001) and the National Science Centre, Poland (research grant No. 2021/42/E/ST2/ 00031). LG acknowledges financial support from AGAUR, CSIC, MCIN and AEI 10.13039/50110 0011033 under projects PID2023-151307NB-I00, PIE 20215AT016, CEX2020-001058-M, ILINK23001, COOPB2304, and 2021-SGR-01270. LV acknowledges support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through the grant No. 123506 10240 “Astrophysical Axion Laboratories”, and also thanks INFN through the “QGSKY” Iniziativa Specifica project. The work of LAA is supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant PHY-2412679. MA acknowledges the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant number ST/Y002652/1 and the Royal Society, United Kingdom under grant numbers RGSR2222268 and ICAR1231094. MG acknowledges support from the European Union (ERC, RELiCS, project number 101116027) and the PRIN (Progetti di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale) number 2022WJ9J33. MF is funded by the PRIN (Progetti di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale) number 2022WJ9J33. MC, GR, and RH acknowledge support from the project “INAF-EDGE” (Large Grant 12-2022, P.I. L. Hunt), from the ASI-INAF agreement “Scientific Activity for the Euclid Mission” (n.2024-10-HH.0; WP8420) and from the INAF “Astrofisica Fondamentale” GO-grant 2024 (PI M. Cantiello). MM acknowledges support from MIUR, PRIN 2022 (grant 2022NY2ZRS 001) and from the grant ASI n. 2024-10-HH.0 “Attività scientifiche per la missione Euclid – fase E”. RCN thanks the financial support from the CNPq under the project No. 304306/2022-3 and FAPERGS under the project No. 23/2551-0000848-3. RCB is supported by an appointment to the JRG Program at the APCTP through the Science and Technology Promotion Fund and Lottery Fund of the Korean Government, and was also supported by the Korean Local Governments in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province and Pohang City. RC acknowledges support from the CONAHCYT research grant CF2022-320152. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 947660). RIA is funded by the SNSF Eccellenza Professorial Fellowship PCEFP2_194638. SK acknowledges funding by the National Center for Science, Poland, grant no. 2023/49/B/ST9/02777. SL is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE2139757. SV acknowledges support from the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) through the Commissione Scientifica Nazionale 4 (CSN4) Iniziativa Specifica “Quantum Fields in Gravity, Cosmology and Black Holes” (FLAG), and from the University of Trento and the Provincia Autonoma di Trento (PAT, Autonomous Province of Trento) through the UniTrento Internal Call for Research 2023 grant “Searching for Dark Energy off the beaten track” (DARKTRACK, grant agreement no. E63C22000500003). SP acknowledges the financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines (DST), Govt. of India under the Scheme “Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST)” (File No. SR/FST/MS-I/2019/41). TT acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation, United States, the National Areonautics and Space Administration, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, United States. VP is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s HORIZON-ERC-2022 (grant agreement no. 101076865) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 860881-HIDDeN. AD acknowledges the support of the European Union’s Horizon 2021 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101068013 (QGRANT). AK has been supported by a Lendület excellence grant by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 101130774. Funding for this project was also available in part through the Hungarian Ministry of Innovation and Technology NRDI Office grant OTKA NN147550. ARL was supported by FCT through the Investigador FCT Contract CEECIND/02854/2017 and the research project PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. AP is grateful for the support of Vicerrectoría de Investigación Desarrollo Tecnológico (Vridt) at Universidad Católica del Norte through Núcleo de Investigación Geometría Diferencial Aplicaciones, Resolución Vridt No - 096/2022 and Resolución Vridt No - 098/2022. AP was supported by the Proyecto Fondecyt Regular 2024, Folio 1240514, Etapa 2024. AB acknowledges support from the National Science Center, project no. UMO-2022/45/B/ST2/01067. ABR is supported by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Grant No E-26/200.149/2025 é 200.150/2025 (304809) AJS received support from NASA, United States through STScI grants HST-GO-16773 and JWST-GO-2974. AM acknowledges the financial support by Conacyt-Mexico through the Post- doc Project I1200/311/2023. AB acknowledges the fellowship of the Brazilian research agency CNPq. AH is funded by the Carlsberg foundation. BSS acknowledges National Science Foundation awards AST-2307147, PHY-2207638, PHY-2308886 and PHY-2309064. B. L. acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea, South Korea (NRF-2022R1F1A1076338), the Partenariat Hubert Curien STAR with the National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00259422), and of the Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS) grant funded by the government of Korea. The research activities of BT is supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant PHY-2014104. CGB is supported by the Spanish Grant PID2023-149016NB-I00 (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Basque government Grant No. IT1628-22 (Spain). CM is supported by an FCT fellowship, grant number 2023.03984. CZ is supported by the China Scholarship Council for 1 year study at SISSA. CP acknowledges the financial support by the excellence cluster QuantumFrontiers of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers – 390837967 and was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), Germany - Project Number 420243324. D.B. acknowledges support from projects PID2021-122938NB-I00 funded by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” and FEDER “A way of making Europe”, PID2022-139841NB-I00 funded by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” and SA097P24 funded by Junta de Castilla León. DS acknowledges support from Bulgarian National Science Fund, Republic of Bulgaria grant number KP-06-N58/5. DRG acknowledges support from grant PID2022-138607NBI00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. DB acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia, Project contract No. 451-03-136/2025-03/200017. The work of EG was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-2309135 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). EF is supported by “Theoretical Astroparticle Physics” (TAsP), iniziativa specifica INFN and by the research grant number 2022E2J4RK “PANTHEON: Perspectives in Astroparticle and Neutrino THEory with Old and New messengers”under the program PRIN 2022 funded by the Italian Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (MUR). EDMF is supported by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. FA thanks CNPq and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo á Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Processo SEI 260003/014913/2023 for financial support. The work of FB was supported by the postdoctoral grant CIAPOS/2021/169. FP acknowledges partial support from the INFN grant InDark and from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (mur), PRIN 2022 ‘EXSKALIBUR – Euclid-Cross-SKA: Likelihood Inference Building for Universe’s Research’, Grant No. 20222BBYB9, CUP C53D2300131 0006, and from the European Union – Next Generation EU. FP also acknowledges support from the FCT project “BEYLA – BEYond LAmbda” with ref. number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. FSNL acknowledges support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Scientific Employment Stimulus contract with reference CEECINST/00032/2018, and funding through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020 and PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. GL was funded by Agencia Nacional de Investigación Desarrollo (ANID) through Proyecto Fondecyt Regular 2024, Folio 1240514, Etapa 2024. He also thanks Vicerrectorá de Investigación Desarrollo Tecnológico (VRIDT) at Universidad Católica del Norte for support through Núcleo de Investigación Geometría Diferencial Aplicaciones (Resolución VRIDT N°096/2022). GG acknowledges the financial support from the COSMOS network (www.cosmosnet.it) through the ASI (Italian Space Agency) Grants 2016-24-H.0 and 2016-24-H.1- 2018. GDS acknowledges support from INAF-ASTROFIT fellowship and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Naples Section, for specific initiatives QGSKY and Moonlight2, as well as GAIA DPAC funds from INAF and ASI (PI: M.Lattanzi). GJO acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Grants PID2020-116567GB-C21, PID2023-149560NB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by CEX2023-001292-S funded by MCIU/AEI, and by i-COOP23096 funded by CSIC. GSDj acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia under contract 451-03-137/2025-03/ 200124 and support by the ICTP - SEENET-MTP NT03 Project TECOM-GRASP. GCH acknowledges support through the ESA research fellowship programm. HAF was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant AST-1907404. The work of IDG was supported by the Estonian Research Council, Estonia grants MOB3JD1202, RVTT3, RVTT7, and by the CoE program TK202 “Fundamental Universe”. The work of IAM is supported by the Basque Government, Spain Grant IT1628-22, by Grant PID2021-123226NB-I00 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000 11033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”). IDM acknowledges support from the grant PID2021-122938NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.130 39/501100011033 and from the grant SA097P24 funded by Junta de Castilla León and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. JA acknowledges support from the Diputación General de Aragón-Fondo Social Europeo (DGA-FSE) Grant No. 2020-E21-17R of the Aragon Government. JG and BK have been supported in part by the Polish National Science Center (NCN) under grant 2020/37/B/ST2/02371. JR is supported by a Ramón Cajal contract of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with Ref. RYC2020-028870-I. This research was further supported by the project PID2022-139841NB-I00 of MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE. JS is supported by the Taiwan National Science & Technology Council. JARC is supported by the project PID2022-139841NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU. JJ acknowledge partial support from STScI, United States under grants HST-GO-16262 and JWST-GO-03055. JGB acknowledges support from the Spanish Research Project PID2021-123012NB-C43 [MICINN-FEDER], and the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program, Spain CEX2020-001007-S at IFT. KL is a recipient of the John and Pat Hume Scholarship and acknowledges support from the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom and from the Swiss Study Foundation. The research activities of KRD are supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through its employee IR/D program as well as by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-13ER41976/DE-SC0009913. LLG acknowledges support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Grant No. 307636/2023-2 and from the Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Grant No. E-26/204.598/2024. LY acknowledges support from YST Program of APCTP and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 24ZR1424600. LC acknowledges support from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the projects with DOI identifiers 10.54499/2023.11681.PEX and 10.54499/2024.00249.CERN. MB is supported by the Polish National Science Center through grants no. 2020/38/E/ST9/00395 and 2020/39/B/ST9/03494. MGE acknowledges the financial support of FONDECYT de Postdoctorado, N°3230801. MdC acknowledges support from INFN iniziativa specifica GeoSymQFT. The work of MR is supported by the European Union – Next Generation EU and by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) via the PRIN 2022 project n. 20228WHTYC. ME was supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant TK202, “Foundations of the Universe”), by Estonian Research Council, Estonia grant PRG2172, and by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (EXCOSM, grant No. 101159513). The work of MBL, CGB & PM is supported by the Spanish Grant PID2023-149016NB-I00 (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE). This work is also supported by the Basque government Grant No. IT1628-22 (Spain). MC was supported by FCT through the Investigador FCT Contract No. CEECIND/02581/2018 and the research project PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/ 2021. MM acknowledges funding by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Italy (asi) under agreement no. 2018-23-HH.0 and support from INFN/Euclid Sezione di Roma. MASP acknowledges support from the FCT through the Fellowship UI/BD/154479/2022, through the Research Grants UIDB/04434/ 2020 and UIDP/04434/2020, and through the project with reference PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021 (“BEYond LAmbda”). MASP also acknowledges support from the MICINU through the project with reference PID2023-149560NB-C21. MAS received support from the CAPES scholarship. MK was funded through SASPRO2 project AGE of Gravity: Alternative Geometries of Gravity, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 945478. MM acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia under contract 451-03-137/2025-03/ 200124. MI acknowledges that this material is based upon work supported in part by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Award Number DE-SC0022184 and also in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant AST2327245. NF acknowledge support from the Research grant TAsP (Theoretical Astroparticle Physics) funded by INFN, Italy. NF is supported by the European Union – Next Generation EU and by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) via the PRIN 2022 project n. 20228WHTYC. The Work of NEM. is supported in part by the UK Science and Technology Facilities research Council (STFC) under the research grant ST/X000753/1. NAN was financed by IBS, United States under the project code IBS-R018-D3, and acknowledges support from PSL/Observatoire de Paris. NS is supported by the Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK) - 94224. PS is supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom (STFC) training grant ST/X508287/1. PJ acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia, Project contract No. 451-03-136/2025-03/200002. RG acknowledges the support from the SNF 200020_175751 and 200020_207379 “Cosmology with 3D Maps of the Universe” research grant. RH work has been supported by the Spanish grants FPU19/03348 of MU, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grants PID2020-113644GB-I00, PID2023-148162NB-C22, by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grants HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01/ 101086085-ASYMMETRY and H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019/ 860881- HIDDeN and by the Generalitat Valenciana grants PROMETEO/2019/ 083 and CIPROM/2022/69. RH acknowledges funding from the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) through large grant PRIN 12-2022 “INAF-EDGE” (PI L. Hunt). RR acknowledges financial support from the STFC Consolidated Grant ST/X000583/1. RBN acknowledges funding by the Royal Society, United Kingdom through the University Research Fellowship Renewal URF R 221005. RK is supported by Project SA097P24 funded by Junta de Castilla Leon. SB is supported by “Agencia Nacional de Investigación Desarrollo” (ANID), Grant “Becas Chile postdoctorado al extranjero” No. 74220006. ST is supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (research grant No. 2021/42/E/ST2/00031). SSC acknowledges support from the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) through the Commissione Scientifica Nazionale 4 (CSN4) Iniziativa Specifica “Quantum Fields in Gravity, Cosmology and Black Holes” (FLAG) and from the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto (CARITRO Foundation) through a Caritro Fellowship (project “Inflation and dark sector physics in light of next-generation cosmological surveys”). SJL is supported by grant PIP 11220200100729CO CONICET and grant 20020170100129BA UBACYT. SP is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. SP acknowledges the financial support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fellowships 300936/2023-0 and 301628/2024-6. TP acknowledges the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants I0-0033, P1-0031, J1-8136, J1-2460 and Z1-1853). TB was supported by ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by European Union – NextGenerationEU. TS is supported by the Della Riccia foundation grant 2025 and the Galileo Galilei Institute Boost Fellowship 2024. TK was supported by the Estonian Research Council, Estonia grants CoE TK202 “Foundations of the Universe” and PRG2608 “Space - Time - Matter”. VM thanks CNPq (Brazil) and FAPES (Brazil) for partial financial support. VAM is supported by Generalitat Valenciana via the Excellence Grant 164CIPROM/2021/073, by the Spanish MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the EU/FEDER via grant PID2021-122134NB-C21, and by the Spanish MCIU/AEI via the Severo Ochoa project CEX2023-001292-S. VP acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, under Project Number 05-35-2467-1/23. VK acknowledges financial support from Research Ireland Grant 21/PATH-S/9475 (MOREHIGGS) under the SFI-IRC Pathway Programme. Report number: DIAS-STP-25-05. VM acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular grant number 1231418, Millennium Science Initiative AIM23-0001, and Centro de Astrofísica de Valparaíso CIDI N21. VBJ acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia, Project contract No. 451-03-136/2025-03/200017. WY has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12175096, and Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program under Grant no. XLYC1907098. WY is supported via the research projects ‘COLAB’ funded by the National Science Center, Poland, under agreement number UMO-2020/39/B/ST9/03494. “YH is funded by NSFC under the grant No. 12347137 and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, China under Grant No. 2024M753076”. 2025-08-04T10:48:08.5002260 2025-08-04T10:31:04.9055871 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics Eleonora Di Valentino 0000-0001-8408-6961 1 Jackson Levi Said 2 Adam Riess 3 Agnieszka Pollo 4 Vivian Poulin 5 Adrià Gómez-Valent 6 Amanda Weltman 7 Antonella Palmese 8 Caroline D. Huang 9 Carsten van de Bruck 10 Chandra Shekhar Saraf 11 Cheng-Yu Kuo 12 Cora Uhlemann 13 Daniela Grandón 14 Dante Paz 15 Dominique Eckert 16 Elsa M. Teixeira 17 Emmanuel N. Saridakis 18 Eoin Ó Colgáin 19 Florian Beutler 20 Florian Niedermann 21 Francesco Bajardi 22 Gabriela Barenboim 23 Giulia Gubitosi 24 Ilaria Musella 25 Indranil Banik 26 Istvan Szapudi 27 Jack Singal 28 Jaume Haro Cases 29 Jens Chluba 30 Jesús Torrado 31 Jurgen Mifsud 32 Karsten Jedamzik 33 Khaled Said 34 Konstantinos Dialektopoulos 35 Laura Herold 36 Leandros Perivolaropoulos 37 Lei Zu 38 Lluís Galbany 39 Louise Breuval 40 Luca Visinelli 41 Luis A. Escamilla 42 Luis A. Anchordoqui 43 M.M. Sheikh-Jabbari 44 Margherita Lembo 45 Maria Giovanna Dainotti 46 Maria Vincenzi 47 Marika Asgari 48 Martina Gerbino 49 Matteo Forconi 50 Michele Cantiello 51 Michele Moresco 52 Micol Benetti 53 Nils Schöneberg 54 Özgür Akarsu 55 Rafael C. Nunes 56 Reginald Christian Bernardo 57 Ricardo Chávez 58 Richard I. Anderson 59 Richard Watkins 60 Salvatore Capozziello 61 Siyang Li 62 Sunny Vagnozzi 63 Supriya Pan 64 Tommaso Treu 65 Vid Irsic 66 Will Handley 67 William Giarè 68 Yukei Murakami 69 Abdolali Banihashemi 70 Adèle Poudou 71 Alan Heavens 72 Alan Kogut 73 Alba Domi 74 Aleksander Łukasz Lenart 75 Alessandro Melchiorri 76 Alessandro Vadalà 77 Alexandra Amon 78 Alexander Bonilla Rivera 79 Alexander Reeves 80 Alexander Zhuk 81 Alfio Bonanno 82 Ali Övgün 83 Alice Pisani 84 Alireza Talebian 85 Amare Abebe 86 Amin Aboubrahim 87 Ana Luisa González Morán 88 András Kovács 89 Andreas Lymperis 90 Andreas Papatriantafyllou 91 Andrew R. Liddle 92 Andronikos Paliathanasis 93 Andrzej Borowiec 94 Anil Kumar Yadav 95 Anita Yadav 96 Anjan Ananda Sen 97 Anjitha John William 98 Anne Christine Davis 99 Anowar J. Shajib 100 Anthony Walters 101 Anto Idicherian Lonappan 102 Anton Chudaykin 103 Antonio Capodagli 104 Antonio da Silva 105 Antonio De Felice 106 Antonio Racioppi 107 Araceli Soler Oficial 108 Ariadna Montiel 109 Arianna Favale 110 Armando Bernui 111 Arrianne Crystal Velasco 112 Asta Heinesen 113 Athanasios Bakopoulos 114 Athanasios Chatzistavrakidis 115 Bahman Khanpour 116 Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash 117 Bartek Zgirski 118 Benjamin L’Huillier 119 Benoit Famaey 120 Bhuvnesh Jain 121 Bing Zhang 122 Biswajit Karmakar 123 Branko Dragovich 124 Brooks Thomas 125 Carlos Correa 126 Carlos G. Boiza 127 Catarina Marques 128 Celia Escamilla-Rivera 129 Charalampos Tzerefos 130 Chi Zhang 131 Chiara De Leo 132 Christian Pfeifer 133 Christine Lee 134 Christo Venter 135 Cláudio Gomes 136 Clecio Roque De bom 137 Cristian Moreno-Pulido 138 Damianos Iosifidis 139 Dan Grin 140 Daniel Blixt 141 Dan Scolnic 142 Daniele Oriti 143 Daria Dobrycheva 144 Dario Bettoni 145 David Benisty 146 David Fernández-Arenas 147 David L. Wiltshire 148 David Sanchez Cid 149 David Tamayo 150 David Valls-Gabaud 151 Davide Pedrotti 152 Deng Wang 153 Denitsa Staicova 154 Despoina Totolou 155 Diego Rubiera-Garcia 156 Dinko Milaković 157 Dominic W. Pesce 158 Dominique Sluse 159 Duško Borka 160 Ebrahim Yusofi 161 Elena Giusarma 162 Elena Terlevich 163 Elena Tomasetti 164 Elias C. Vagenas 165 Elisa Fazzari 166 Elisa G.M. Ferreira 167 Elvis Barakovic 168 Emanuela Dimastrogiovanni 169 Emil Brinch Holm 170 Emil Mottola 171 Emre Özülker 172 Enrico Specogna 173 Enzo Brocato 174 Erik Jensko 175 Erika Antonette Enriquez 176 Esha Bhatia 177 Fabio Bresolin 178 Felipe Avila 179 Filippo Bouchè 180 Flavio Bombacigno 181 Fotios K. Anagnostopoulos 182 Francesco Pace 183 Francesco Sorrenti 184 Francisco S.N. Lobo 185 Frédéric Courbin 186 Frode K. Hansen 187 Greg Sloan 188 Gabriel Farrugia 189 Gabriel Lynch 190 Gabriela Garcia-Arroyo 191 Gabriella Raimondo 192 Gaetano Lambiase 193 Gagandeep S. Anand 194 Gaspard Poulot 195 Genly Leon 196 Gerasimos Kouniatalis 197 Germano Nardini 198 Géza Csörnyei 199 Giacomo Galloni 200 Giada Bargiacchi 201 Giannis Papagiannopoulos 202 Giovanni Montani 203 Giovanni Otalora 204 Giulia De Somma 205 Giuliana Fiorentino 206 Giuseppe Fanizza 207 Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano 208 Giuseppe Sarracino 209 Gonzalo J. Olmo 210 Goran S. Djordjević 211 Guadalupe Cañas-Herrera 212 Hanyu Cheng 213 Harry Desmond 214 Hassan Abdalla 215 Houzun Chen 216 Hsu-Wen Chiang 217 Hume A. Feldman 218 Hussain Gohar 219 Ido Ben-Dayan 220 Ignacio Sevilla-Noarbe 221 Ignatios Antoniadis 222 Ilim Cimdiker 223 Inês S. Albuquerque 224 Ioannis D. Gialamas 225 Ippocratis Saltas 226 Iryna Vavilova 227 Isidro Gómez-Vargas 228 Ismael Ayuso 229 Ismailov Nariman Zeynalabdi 230 Ivan De Martino 231 Ivonne Zavala Carrasco 0000-0002-5589-9928 232 J. Alberto Vázquez 233 Jacobo Asorey 234 Janusz Gluza 235 Javier Rubio 236 Jenny G. Sorce 237 Jenny Wagner 238 Jeremy Sakstein 239 Jessica Santiago 240 Jim Braatz 241 Joan Solà Peracaula 242 John Blakeslee 243 John Webb 244 Jose A.R. Cembranos 245 José Pedro Mimoso 246 Joseph Jensen 247 Juan García-Bellido 248 Judit Prat 249 Kathleen Sammut 250 Kay Lehnert 251 Keith R. Dienes 252 Kishan Deka 253 Konrad Kuijken 254 Krishna Naidoo 255 László Árpád Gergely 256 Laur Järv 257 Laura Mersini-Houghton 258 Leila L. Graef 259 Léo Vacher 260 Levon Pogosian 261 Lilia Anguelova 262 Lindita Hamolli 263 Lu Yin 264 Luca Caloni 265 Luca Izzo 266 Lucas Macri 267 Luis E. Padilla 268 Luz Ángela García 269 Maciej Bilicki 270 Mahdi Najafi 271 Manolis Plionis 272 Manuel Gonzalez-Espinoza 273 Manuel Hohmann 274 Marcel A. van der Westhuizen 275 Marcella Marconi 276 Marcin Postolak 277 Marco de Cesare 278 Marco Regis 279 Marek Biesiada 280 Maret Einasto 281 Margus Saal 282 Maria Caruana 283 Maria Petronikolou 284 Mariam Bouhmadi-López 285 Mariana Melo 286 Mariaveronica De Angelis 287 Marie-Noëlle Célérier 288 Marina Cortês 289 Mark Reid 290 Markus Michael Rau 291 Martin S. Sloth 292 Martti Raidal 293 Masahiro Takada 294 Masoume Reyhani 295 Massimiliano Romanello 296 Massimo Marengo 297 Mathias Garny 298 Matías Leizerovich 299 Matteo Martinelli 300 Matteo Tagliazucchi 301 Mehmet Demirci 302 Miguel A.S. Pinto 303 Miguel A. Sabogal 304 Miguel A. García-Aspeitia 305 Milan Milošević 306 Mina Ghodsi 307 Mustapha Ishak 308 Nelson J. Nunes 309 Nick Samaras 310 Nico Hamaus 311 Nico Schuster 312 Nicola Borghi 313 Nicola Deiosso 314 Nicola Tamanini 315 Nicolao Fornengo 316 Nihan Katırcı 317 Nikolaos E. Mavromatos 318 Nicholas Petropoulos 319 Nikolina Šarčević 320 Nils A. Nilsson 321 Nima Khosravi 322 Noemi Frusciante 323 Octavian Postavaru 324 Oem Trivedi 325 Oleksii Sokoliuk 326 Olga Mena 327 Paloma Morilla 328 Paolo Campeti 329 Paolo Salucci 330 Paula Boubel 331 Paweł Bielewicz 332 Pekka Heinämäki 333 Petar Suman 334 Petros Asimakis 335 Pierros Ntelis 336 Pran Nath 337 Predrag Jovanović 338 Purba Mukherjee 339 Radosław Wojtak 340 Rafaela Gsponer 341 Rafid H. Dejrah 342 Rahul Shah 343 Rasmi Hajjar 344 Rebecca Briffa 345 Rebecca Habas 346 Reggie C. Pantig 347 Renier Mendoza 348 Riccardo Della Monica 349 Richard Stiskalek 350 Rishav Roshan 351 Rita B. Neves 352 Roberto Molinaro 353 Roberto Terlevich 354 Rocco D’Agostino 355 Rodrigo Sandoval-Orozco 356 Ronaldo C. Batista 357 Ruchika 358 Ruth Lazkoz 359 Saeed Rastgoo 360 Sahar Mohammadi 361 Salvatore Samuele Sirletti 362 Sandeep Haridasu 363 Sanjay Mandal 364 Saurya Das 365 Sebastian Bahamonde 366 Sebastian Grandis 367 Sebastian Trojanowski 368 Sergei D. Odintsov 369 Sergij Mazurenko 370 Shahab Joudaki 371 Sherry H. Suyu 372 Shouvik Roy Choudhury 373 Shruti Bhatporia 374 Shun-Sheng Li 375 Simeon Bird 376 Simon Birrer 377 Simone Paradiso 378 Simony Santos da Costa 379 Sofia Contarini 380 Sophie Henrot-Versillé 381 Spyros Basilakos 382 Stefano Casertano 383 Stefano Gariazzo 384 Stylianos A. Tsilioukas 385 Surajit Kalita 386 Suresh Kumar 387 Susana J. Landau 388 Sveva Castello 389 Swayamtrupta Panda 390 Tanja Petrushevska 391 Thanasis Karakasis 392 Thejs Brinckmann 393 Tiago B. Gonçalves 394 Tiziano Schiavone 395 Tom Abel 396 Tomi Koivisto 397 Torsten Bringmann 398 Umut Demirbozan 399 Utkarsh Kumar 400 Valerio Marra 401 Maurice H.P.M. van Putten 402 Vasileios Kalaitzidis 403 Vasiliki A. Mitsou 404 Vasilios Zarikas 405 Vedad Pasic 406 Venus Keus 407 Verónica Motta 408 Vesna Borka Jovanović 409 Víctor H. Cárdenas 410 Vincenzo Ripepi 411 Vincenzo Salzano 412 Violetta Impellizzeri 413 Vitor da Fonseca 414 Vittorio Ghirardini 415 Vladas Vansevičius 416 Weiqiang Yang 417 Wojciech Hellwing 418 Xin Ren 419 Yu-Min Hu 420 Yuejia Zhai 421 Abdul Malik Sultan 422 Abdurakhmon Nosirov 423 Adrienn Pataki 424 Alessandro Santoni 425 Aliya Batool 426 Amlan Chakraborty 427 Aneta Wojnar 428 Arman Tursunov 429 Avik De 430 Ayush Hazarika 431 Baojiu Li 432 Benjamin Bose 433 Bivudutta Mishra 434 Bobomurat Ahmedov 435 Claudia Scóccola 436 Crescenzo Tortora 437 D’Arcy Kenworthy 438 Daniel E. Holz 439 David F. Mota 440 David S. Pereira 441 Devon M. Williams 442 Dillon Brout 443 Dong Ha Lee 444 Eduardo Guendelman 445 Edward Olex 446 Emanuelly Silva 447 Emre Onur Kahya 448 Eva-Maria Mueller 449 Felipe Andrade-Oliveira 450 Feven Markos Hunde 451 F.R. Joaquim 452 Florian Pacaud 453 Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine 454 F. Pozo Nuñez 455 Gábor Rácz 456 Gene Carlo Belinario 457 Geraint F. Lewis 458 Gergely Dálya 459 Giorgio Laverda 460 Guido Risaliti 461 Guillermo Franco-Abellán 462 Hayden Zammit 463 Hayley Camilleri 464 Helene M. Courtois 465 Hooman Moradpour 466 Igor de Oliveira Cardoso Pedreira 467 Ilídio Lopes 468 István Csabai 469 James W. Rohlf 470 Jana Bogdanoska 471 Javier de Cruz Pérez 472 Joan Bachs-Esteban 473 Joseph Sultana 474 Julien Lesgourgues 475 Jun-Qian Jiang 476 Karem Peñaló Castillo 477 Kimet Jusufi 478 Lavinia Heisenberg 479 Laxmipriya Pati 480 Lón V.E. Koopmans 481 Lokesh kumar Duchaniya 482 Lucas Lombriser 483 María Pérez Garrote 484 Mariano Domínguez 485 Marine Samsonyan 486 Mark Pace 487 Martin Krššák 488 Masroor C. Pookkillath 489 Matteo Peronaci 490 Matteo Piani 491 Matthildi Raftogianni 492 Meet J. Vyas 493 Melina Michalopoulou 494 Merab Gogberashvili 495 Michael Klasen 496 Michele Cicoli 497 Miguel Quartin 498 Miguel Zumalacárregui 499 Milan S. Dimitrijević 500 Milos Dordevic 501 Mindaugas Karčiauskas 502 Morgan Le Delliou 503 Nastassia Grimm 504 Nicolás Augusto Kozameh 505 Nicoleta Voicu 506 Nicolina Pop 507 Nikos Chatzifotis 508 Odil Yunusov 509 Oliver Fabio Piattella 510 Pedro da Silveira Ferreira 511 Péter Raffai 512 Peter Schupp 513 Pilar Ruiz-Lapuente 514 Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo 515 Roberto V. Maluf 516 Ruth Durrer 517 S.A. Kadam 518 Sabino Matarrese 519 Samuel Brieden 520 Santiago González-Gaitán 521 Santosh V. Lohakare 522 Scott Watson 523 Shao-Jiang Wang 524 Simão Marques Nunes 525 Soumya Chakrabarti 526 Subinoy Das 527 Suvodip Mukherjee 528 Tajron Jurić 529 Tessa Baker 530 Theodoros Nakas 531 Tiago Barreiro 532 Upala Mukhopadhyay 533 Veljko Vujčić 534 Violetta Sagun 535 Vladimir A. Srećković 536 Wangzheng Zhang 537 Yo Toda 538 Yun-Song Piao 539 Zahra Davari 540 70101__34906__06b60fd3308146af9b3dd2ecccf76387.pdf 70101.VOR.pdf 2025-08-04T10:41:40.8262177 Output 63654464 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
spellingShingle The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
title_short The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
title_full The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
title_fullStr The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
title_full_unstemmed The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
title_sort The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
author_id_str_mv 2fb8d4bb665e9a89d3b3478c17f646f8
author_id_fullname_str_mv 2fb8d4bb665e9a89d3b3478c17f646f8_***_Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
author Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
author2 Eleonora Di Valentino
Jackson Levi Said
Adam Riess
Agnieszka Pollo
Vivian Poulin
Adrià Gómez-Valent
Amanda Weltman
Antonella Palmese
Caroline D. Huang
Carsten van de Bruck
Chandra Shekhar Saraf
Cheng-Yu Kuo
Cora Uhlemann
Daniela Grandón
Dante Paz
Dominique Eckert
Elsa M. Teixeira
Emmanuel N. Saridakis
Eoin Ó Colgáin
Florian Beutler
Florian Niedermann
Francesco Bajardi
Gabriela Barenboim
Giulia Gubitosi
Ilaria Musella
Indranil Banik
Istvan Szapudi
Jack Singal
Jaume Haro Cases
Jens Chluba
Jesús Torrado
Jurgen Mifsud
Karsten Jedamzik
Khaled Said
Konstantinos Dialektopoulos
Laura Herold
Leandros Perivolaropoulos
Lei Zu
Lluís Galbany
Louise Breuval
Luca Visinelli
Luis A. Escamilla
Luis A. Anchordoqui
M.M. Sheikh-Jabbari
Margherita Lembo
Maria Giovanna Dainotti
Maria Vincenzi
Marika Asgari
Martina Gerbino
Matteo Forconi
Michele Cantiello
Michele Moresco
Micol Benetti
Nils Schöneberg
Özgür Akarsu
Rafael C. Nunes
Reginald Christian Bernardo
Ricardo Chávez
Richard I. Anderson
Richard Watkins
Salvatore Capozziello
Siyang Li
Sunny Vagnozzi
Supriya Pan
Tommaso Treu
Vid Irsic
Will Handley
William Giarè
Yukei Murakami
Abdolali Banihashemi
Adèle Poudou
Alan Heavens
Alan Kogut
Alba Domi
Aleksander Łukasz Lenart
Alessandro Melchiorri
Alessandro Vadalà
Alexandra Amon
Alexander Bonilla Rivera
Alexander Reeves
Alexander Zhuk
Alfio Bonanno
Ali Övgün
Alice Pisani
Alireza Talebian
Amare Abebe
Amin Aboubrahim
Ana Luisa González Morán
András Kovács
Andreas Lymperis
Andreas Papatriantafyllou
Andrew R. Liddle
Andronikos Paliathanasis
Andrzej Borowiec
Anil Kumar Yadav
Anita Yadav
Anjan Ananda Sen
Anjitha John William
Anne Christine Davis
Anowar J. Shajib
Anthony Walters
Anto Idicherian Lonappan
Anton Chudaykin
Antonio Capodagli
Antonio da Silva
Antonio De Felice
Antonio Racioppi
Araceli Soler Oficial
Ariadna Montiel
Arianna Favale
Armando Bernui
Arrianne Crystal Velasco
Asta Heinesen
Athanasios Bakopoulos
Athanasios Chatzistavrakidis
Bahman Khanpour
Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash
Bartek Zgirski
Benjamin L’Huillier
Benoit Famaey
Bhuvnesh Jain
Bing Zhang
Biswajit Karmakar
Branko Dragovich
Brooks Thomas
Carlos Correa
Carlos G. Boiza
Catarina Marques
Celia Escamilla-Rivera
Charalampos Tzerefos
Chi Zhang
Chiara De Leo
Christian Pfeifer
Christine Lee
Christo Venter
Cláudio Gomes
Clecio Roque De bom
Cristian Moreno-Pulido
Damianos Iosifidis
Dan Grin
Daniel Blixt
Dan Scolnic
Daniele Oriti
Daria Dobrycheva
Dario Bettoni
David Benisty
David Fernández-Arenas
David L. Wiltshire
David Sanchez Cid
David Tamayo
David Valls-Gabaud
Davide Pedrotti
Deng Wang
Denitsa Staicova
Despoina Totolou
Diego Rubiera-Garcia
Dinko Milaković
Dominic W. Pesce
Dominique Sluse
Duško Borka
Ebrahim Yusofi
Elena Giusarma
Elena Terlevich
Elena Tomasetti
Elias C. Vagenas
Elisa Fazzari
Elisa G.M. Ferreira
Elvis Barakovic
Emanuela Dimastrogiovanni
Emil Brinch Holm
Emil Mottola
Emre Özülker
Enrico Specogna
Enzo Brocato
Erik Jensko
Erika Antonette Enriquez
Esha Bhatia
Fabio Bresolin
Felipe Avila
Filippo Bouchè
Flavio Bombacigno
Fotios K. Anagnostopoulos
Francesco Pace
Francesco Sorrenti
Francisco S.N. Lobo
Frédéric Courbin
Frode K. Hansen
Greg Sloan
Gabriel Farrugia
Gabriel Lynch
Gabriela Garcia-Arroyo
Gabriella Raimondo
Gaetano Lambiase
Gagandeep S. Anand
Gaspard Poulot
Genly Leon
Gerasimos Kouniatalis
Germano Nardini
Géza Csörnyei
Giacomo Galloni
Giada Bargiacchi
Giannis Papagiannopoulos
Giovanni Montani
Giovanni Otalora
Giulia De Somma
Giuliana Fiorentino
Giuseppe Fanizza
Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano
Giuseppe Sarracino
Gonzalo J. Olmo
Goran S. Djordjević
Guadalupe Cañas-Herrera
Hanyu Cheng
Harry Desmond
Hassan Abdalla
Houzun Chen
Hsu-Wen Chiang
Hume A. Feldman
Hussain Gohar
Ido Ben-Dayan
Ignacio Sevilla-Noarbe
Ignatios Antoniadis
Ilim Cimdiker
Inês S. Albuquerque
Ioannis D. Gialamas
Ippocratis Saltas
Iryna Vavilova
Isidro Gómez-Vargas
Ismael Ayuso
Ismailov Nariman Zeynalabdi
Ivan De Martino
Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
J. Alberto Vázquez
Jacobo Asorey
Janusz Gluza
Javier Rubio
Jenny G. Sorce
Jenny Wagner
Jeremy Sakstein
Jessica Santiago
Jim Braatz
Joan Solà Peracaula
John Blakeslee
John Webb
Jose A.R. Cembranos
José Pedro Mimoso
Joseph Jensen
Juan García-Bellido
Judit Prat
Kathleen Sammut
Kay Lehnert
Keith R. Dienes
Kishan Deka
Konrad Kuijken
Krishna Naidoo
László Árpád Gergely
Laur Järv
Laura Mersini-Houghton
Leila L. Graef
Léo Vacher
Levon Pogosian
Lilia Anguelova
Lindita Hamolli
Lu Yin
Luca Caloni
Luca Izzo
Lucas Macri
Luis E. Padilla
Luz Ángela García
Maciej Bilicki
Mahdi Najafi
Manolis Plionis
Manuel Gonzalez-Espinoza
Manuel Hohmann
Marcel A. van der Westhuizen
Marcella Marconi
Marcin Postolak
Marco de Cesare
Marco Regis
Marek Biesiada
Maret Einasto
Margus Saal
Maria Caruana
Maria Petronikolou
Mariam Bouhmadi-López
Mariana Melo
Mariaveronica De Angelis
Marie-Noëlle Célérier
Marina Cortês
Mark Reid
Markus Michael Rau
Martin S. Sloth
Martti Raidal
Masahiro Takada
Masoume Reyhani
Massimiliano Romanello
Massimo Marengo
Mathias Garny
Matías Leizerovich
Matteo Martinelli
Matteo Tagliazucchi
Mehmet Demirci
Miguel A.S. Pinto
Miguel A. Sabogal
Miguel A. García-Aspeitia
Milan Milošević
Mina Ghodsi
Mustapha Ishak
Nelson J. Nunes
Nick Samaras
Nico Hamaus
Nico Schuster
Nicola Borghi
Nicola Deiosso
Nicola Tamanini
Nicolao Fornengo
Nihan Katırcı
Nikolaos E. Mavromatos
Nicholas Petropoulos
Nikolina Šarčević
Nils A. Nilsson
Nima Khosravi
Noemi Frusciante
Octavian Postavaru
Oem Trivedi
Oleksii Sokoliuk
Olga Mena
Paloma Morilla
Paolo Campeti
Paolo Salucci
Paula Boubel
Paweł Bielewicz
Pekka Heinämäki
Petar Suman
Petros Asimakis
Pierros Ntelis
Pran Nath
Predrag Jovanović
Purba Mukherjee
Radosław Wojtak
Rafaela Gsponer
Rafid H. Dejrah
Rahul Shah
Rasmi Hajjar
Rebecca Briffa
Rebecca Habas
Reggie C. Pantig
Renier Mendoza
Riccardo Della Monica
Richard Stiskalek
Rishav Roshan
Rita B. Neves
Roberto Molinaro
Roberto Terlevich
Rocco D’Agostino
Rodrigo Sandoval-Orozco
Ronaldo C. Batista
Ruchika
Ruth Lazkoz
Saeed Rastgoo
Sahar Mohammadi
Salvatore Samuele Sirletti
Sandeep Haridasu
Sanjay Mandal
Saurya Das
Sebastian Bahamonde
Sebastian Grandis
Sebastian Trojanowski
Sergei D. Odintsov
Sergij Mazurenko
Shahab Joudaki
Sherry H. Suyu
Shouvik Roy Choudhury
Shruti Bhatporia
Shun-Sheng Li
Simeon Bird
Simon Birrer
Simone Paradiso
Simony Santos da Costa
Sofia Contarini
Sophie Henrot-Versillé
Spyros Basilakos
Stefano Casertano
Stefano Gariazzo
Stylianos A. Tsilioukas
Surajit Kalita
Suresh Kumar
Susana J. Landau
Sveva Castello
Swayamtrupta Panda
Tanja Petrushevska
Thanasis Karakasis
Thejs Brinckmann
Tiago B. Gonçalves
Tiziano Schiavone
Tom Abel
Tomi Koivisto
Torsten Bringmann
Umut Demirbozan
Utkarsh Kumar
Valerio Marra
Maurice H.P.M. van Putten
Vasileios Kalaitzidis
Vasiliki A. Mitsou
Vasilios Zarikas
Vedad Pasic
Venus Keus
Verónica Motta
Vesna Borka Jovanović
Víctor H. Cárdenas
Vincenzo Ripepi
Vincenzo Salzano
Violetta Impellizzeri
Vitor da Fonseca
Vittorio Ghirardini
Vladas Vansevičius
Weiqiang Yang
Wojciech Hellwing
Xin Ren
Yu-Min Hu
Yuejia Zhai
Abdul Malik Sultan
Abdurakhmon Nosirov
Adrienn Pataki
Alessandro Santoni
Aliya Batool
Amlan Chakraborty
Aneta Wojnar
Arman Tursunov
Avik De
Ayush Hazarika
Baojiu Li
Benjamin Bose
Bivudutta Mishra
Bobomurat Ahmedov
Claudia Scóccola
Crescenzo Tortora
D’Arcy Kenworthy
Daniel E. Holz
David F. Mota
David S. Pereira
Devon M. Williams
Dillon Brout
Dong Ha Lee
Eduardo Guendelman
Edward Olex
Emanuelly Silva
Emre Onur Kahya
Eva-Maria Mueller
Felipe Andrade-Oliveira
Feven Markos Hunde
F.R. Joaquim
Florian Pacaud
Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine
F. Pozo Nuñez
Gábor Rácz
Gene Carlo Belinario
Geraint F. Lewis
Gergely Dálya
Giorgio Laverda
Guido Risaliti
Guillermo Franco-Abellán
Hayden Zammit
Hayley Camilleri
Helene M. Courtois
Hooman Moradpour
Igor de Oliveira Cardoso Pedreira
Ilídio Lopes
István Csabai
James W. Rohlf
Jana Bogdanoska
Javier de Cruz Pérez
Joan Bachs-Esteban
Joseph Sultana
Julien Lesgourgues
Jun-Qian Jiang
Karem Peñaló Castillo
Kimet Jusufi
Lavinia Heisenberg
Laxmipriya Pati
Lón V.E. Koopmans
Lokesh kumar Duchaniya
Lucas Lombriser
María Pérez Garrote
Mariano Domínguez
Marine Samsonyan
Mark Pace
Martin Krššák
Masroor C. Pookkillath
Matteo Peronaci
Matteo Piani
Matthildi Raftogianni
Meet J. Vyas
Melina Michalopoulou
Merab Gogberashvili
Michael Klasen
Michele Cicoli
Miguel Quartin
Miguel Zumalacárregui
Milan S. Dimitrijević
Milos Dordevic
Mindaugas Karčiauskas
Morgan Le Delliou
Nastassia Grimm
Nicolás Augusto Kozameh
Nicoleta Voicu
Nicolina Pop
Nikos Chatzifotis
Odil Yunusov
Oliver Fabio Piattella
Pedro da Silveira Ferreira
Péter Raffai
Peter Schupp
Pilar Ruiz-Lapuente
Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo
Roberto V. Maluf
Ruth Durrer
S.A. Kadam
Sabino Matarrese
Samuel Brieden
Santiago González-Gaitán
Santosh V. Lohakare
Scott Watson
Shao-Jiang Wang
Simão Marques Nunes
Soumya Chakrabarti
Subinoy Das
Suvodip Mukherjee
Tajron Jurić
Tessa Baker
Theodoros Nakas
Tiago Barreiro
Upala Mukhopadhyay
Veljko Vujčić
Violetta Sagun
Vladimir A. Srećković
Wangzheng Zhang
Yo Toda
Yun-Song Piao
Zahra Davari
format Journal article
container_title Physics of the Dark Universe
container_volume 49
container_start_page 101965
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2212-6864
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.dark.2025.101965
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described by the standard model of particle physics and a cold dark matter contribution, as well as very early-time inflationary physics, and underpinned by gravitation through general relativity. There have always been open questions about the soundness of the foundations of the standard model. However, recent years have shown that there may also be questions from the observational sector with the emergence of differences between certain cosmological probes. In this White Paper, we identify the key objectives that need to be addressed over the coming decade together with the core science projects that aim to meet these challenges. These discordances primarily rest on the divergence in the measurement of core cosmological parameters with varying levels of statistical confidence. These possible statistical tensions may be partially accounted for by systematics in various measurements or cosmological probes but there is also a growing indication of potential new physics beyond the standard model. After reviewing the principal probes used in the measurement of cosmological parameters, as well as potential systematics, we discuss the most promising array of potential new physics that may be observable in upcoming surveys. We also discuss the growing set of novel data analysis approaches that go beyond traditional methods to test physical models. These new methods will become increasingly important in the coming years as the volume of survey data continues to increase, and as the degeneracy between predictions of different physical models grows. There are several perspectives on the divergences between the values of cosmological parameters, such as the model-independent probes in the late Universe and model-dependent measurements in the early Universe, which we cover at length. The White Paper closes with a number of recommendations for the community to focus on for the upcoming decade of observational cosmology, statistical data analysis, and fundamental physics developments.
published_date 2025-09-01T05:24:07Z
_version_ 1851731788818284544
score 11.090464

Similar Items