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Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study

Sharon Parsons Orcid Logo, Steve Luzio Orcid Logo, Sarah Dowrick, Gareth Dunseath Orcid Logo, Ivy Cheung, Sarah L. Gibbs, David Owens Orcid Logo, Jeffrey Stephens Orcid Logo

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, Volume: 19, Issue: 7, Start page: 103283

Swansea University Authors: Sharon Parsons Orcid Logo, Steve Luzio Orcid Logo, Sarah Dowrick, Gareth Dunseath Orcid Logo, Ivy Cheung, David Owens Orcid Logo, Jeffrey Stephens Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103283

Abstract

Introduction: There is little evidence on the impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on self-management behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes using participant reported outcome measures. We aimed to assess whether self-management behaviour, measured by the Diabetes Self-Management Question...

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Published in: Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
ISSN: 1871-4021 1878-0334
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70183
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The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>f428211d8324336eb2bc7f4e6a08a421</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5841-8309</ORCID><firstname>Sharon</firstname><surname>Parsons</surname><name>Sharon Parsons</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>01491e1cd582746a654fad9addf0de16</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-7206-6530</ORCID><firstname>Steve</firstname><surname>Luzio</surname><name>Steve Luzio</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>ffbf8f546fb0c77cf0fa0e5bc85406d8</sid><firstname>Sarah</firstname><surname>Dowrick</surname><name>Sarah Dowrick</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>fccbba9edcaee08a839a3c5cff8cbe19</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-6022-862X</ORCID><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Dunseath</surname><name>Gareth Dunseath</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>a9142ffd398f89eff40ada503e315639</sid><firstname>Ivy</firstname><surname>Cheung</surname><name>Ivy Cheung</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>2fd4b7c3f82c6d3bd546eff61ff944e9</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-1002-1238</ORCID><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Owens</surname><name>David Owens</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>5219d126f97f8f884bdb622099bd41de</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-2228-086X</ORCID><firstname>Jeffrey</firstname><surname>Stephens</surname><name>Jeffrey Stephens</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2025-08-15</date><deptcode>MEDS</deptcode><abstract>Introduction: There is little evidence on the impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on self-management behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes using participant reported outcome measures. We aimed to assess whether self-management behaviour, measured by the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), is altered by the short-term use of CGM in people with complex type 2 diabetes. Methods: Open, single-centre, randomised crossover study lasting 36 weeks. Participants were aged &gt;18 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes &gt;1 year and HbA1c &#x2265;9%/75mmol/mol. All were receiving care from a specialist diabetes team. Following basic diabetes self-management education and a 10 day period of blinded CGM, participants were randomised to one of two sequences. Sequence 1: 12 weeks routine diabetes care followed by 12 weeks CGM use; Sequence 2: 12 weeks CGM followed by 12 weeks routine diabetes care. Both sequences undertook a 12 week follow up period with no CGM use. Results: Fifty-one participants were randomised, 25 to sequence 1, 26 to sequence 2. At baseline, 62.7% were male, mean age 59.7 years, mean (SD) HbA1c 10.7% (1.07)/93mmol/mol (11.74) and 88.2% were prescribed insulin therapy. DSMQ mean total score pre-CGM was 7.0 (1.37). Following CGM use, DSMQ total and subset scores improved, with total score increasing significantly (mean difference 0.62, 95% CI 0.27, 0.98; p=0.001). Present quality of life, HbA1c and %Time in Range also significantly improved following CGM use. Conclusion: In people with complex type 2 diabetes, the introduction of CGM can significantly improve diabetes self-management behaviour and other important outcomes.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews</journal><volume>19</volume><journalNumber>7</journalNumber><paginationStart>103283</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1871-4021</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1878-0334</issnElectronic><keywords>Type 2 diabetes; self-management; Continuous Glucose Monitoring; Patient Reported Outcome Measures</keywords><publishedDay>31</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-07-31</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103283</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>The study was funded by Dexcom Inc. under the investigator-initiated studies program, with additional support provided by the Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-10-07T14:51:39.4116064</lastEdited><Created>2025-08-15T09:56:58.9646264</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Sharon</firstname><surname>Parsons</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5841-8309</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Steve</firstname><surname>Luzio</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7206-6530</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Sarah</firstname><surname>Dowrick</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Dunseath</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6022-862X</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Ivy</firstname><surname>Cheung</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Sarah L.</firstname><surname>Gibbs</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Owens</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1002-1238</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Jeffrey</firstname><surname>Stephens</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2228-086X</orcid><order>8</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>70183__35273__45c25ab228f54b9899428d2727e65292.pdf</filename><originalFilename>70183.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2025-10-07T14:46:02.0968003</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>3314633</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2025-10-07T14:51:39.4116064 v2 70183 2025-08-15 Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study f428211d8324336eb2bc7f4e6a08a421 0000-0002-5841-8309 Sharon Parsons Sharon Parsons true false 01491e1cd582746a654fad9addf0de16 0000-0002-7206-6530 Steve Luzio Steve Luzio true false ffbf8f546fb0c77cf0fa0e5bc85406d8 Sarah Dowrick Sarah Dowrick true false fccbba9edcaee08a839a3c5cff8cbe19 0000-0001-6022-862X Gareth Dunseath Gareth Dunseath true false a9142ffd398f89eff40ada503e315639 Ivy Cheung Ivy Cheung true false 2fd4b7c3f82c6d3bd546eff61ff944e9 0000-0003-1002-1238 David Owens David Owens true false 5219d126f97f8f884bdb622099bd41de 0000-0003-2228-086X Jeffrey Stephens Jeffrey Stephens true false 2025-08-15 MEDS Introduction: There is little evidence on the impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on self-management behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes using participant reported outcome measures. We aimed to assess whether self-management behaviour, measured by the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), is altered by the short-term use of CGM in people with complex type 2 diabetes. Methods: Open, single-centre, randomised crossover study lasting 36 weeks. Participants were aged >18 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes >1 year and HbA1c ≥9%/75mmol/mol. All were receiving care from a specialist diabetes team. Following basic diabetes self-management education and a 10 day period of blinded CGM, participants were randomised to one of two sequences. Sequence 1: 12 weeks routine diabetes care followed by 12 weeks CGM use; Sequence 2: 12 weeks CGM followed by 12 weeks routine diabetes care. Both sequences undertook a 12 week follow up period with no CGM use. Results: Fifty-one participants were randomised, 25 to sequence 1, 26 to sequence 2. At baseline, 62.7% were male, mean age 59.7 years, mean (SD) HbA1c 10.7% (1.07)/93mmol/mol (11.74) and 88.2% were prescribed insulin therapy. DSMQ mean total score pre-CGM was 7.0 (1.37). Following CGM use, DSMQ total and subset scores improved, with total score increasing significantly (mean difference 0.62, 95% CI 0.27, 0.98; p=0.001). Present quality of life, HbA1c and %Time in Range also significantly improved following CGM use. Conclusion: In people with complex type 2 diabetes, the introduction of CGM can significantly improve diabetes self-management behaviour and other important outcomes. Journal Article Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 19 7 103283 Elsevier BV 1871-4021 1878-0334 Type 2 diabetes; self-management; Continuous Glucose Monitoring; Patient Reported Outcome Measures 31 7 2025 2025-07-31 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103283 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The study was funded by Dexcom Inc. under the investigator-initiated studies program, with additional support provided by the Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University. 2025-10-07T14:51:39.4116064 2025-08-15T09:56:58.9646264 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science Sharon Parsons 0000-0002-5841-8309 1 Steve Luzio 0000-0002-7206-6530 2 Sarah Dowrick 3 Gareth Dunseath 0000-0001-6022-862X 4 Ivy Cheung 5 Sarah L. Gibbs 6 David Owens 0000-0003-1002-1238 7 Jeffrey Stephens 0000-0003-2228-086X 8 70183__35273__45c25ab228f54b9899428d2727e65292.pdf 70183.VOR.pdf 2025-10-07T14:46:02.0968003 Output 3314633 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study
spellingShingle Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study
Sharon Parsons
Steve Luzio
Sarah Dowrick
Gareth Dunseath
Ivy Cheung
David Owens
Jeffrey Stephens
title_short Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study
title_full Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study
title_fullStr Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study
title_full_unstemmed Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study
title_sort Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study
author_id_str_mv f428211d8324336eb2bc7f4e6a08a421
01491e1cd582746a654fad9addf0de16
ffbf8f546fb0c77cf0fa0e5bc85406d8
fccbba9edcaee08a839a3c5cff8cbe19
a9142ffd398f89eff40ada503e315639
2fd4b7c3f82c6d3bd546eff61ff944e9
5219d126f97f8f884bdb622099bd41de
author_id_fullname_str_mv f428211d8324336eb2bc7f4e6a08a421_***_Sharon Parsons
01491e1cd582746a654fad9addf0de16_***_Steve Luzio
ffbf8f546fb0c77cf0fa0e5bc85406d8_***_Sarah Dowrick
fccbba9edcaee08a839a3c5cff8cbe19_***_Gareth Dunseath
a9142ffd398f89eff40ada503e315639_***_Ivy Cheung
2fd4b7c3f82c6d3bd546eff61ff944e9_***_David Owens
5219d126f97f8f884bdb622099bd41de_***_Jeffrey Stephens
author Sharon Parsons
Steve Luzio
Sarah Dowrick
Gareth Dunseath
Ivy Cheung
David Owens
Jeffrey Stephens
author2 Sharon Parsons
Steve Luzio
Sarah Dowrick
Gareth Dunseath
Ivy Cheung
Sarah L. Gibbs
David Owens
Jeffrey Stephens
format Journal article
container_title Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
container_volume 19
container_issue 7
container_start_page 103283
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 1871-4021
1878-0334
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103283
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Introduction: There is little evidence on the impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on self-management behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes using participant reported outcome measures. We aimed to assess whether self-management behaviour, measured by the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), is altered by the short-term use of CGM in people with complex type 2 diabetes. Methods: Open, single-centre, randomised crossover study lasting 36 weeks. Participants were aged >18 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes >1 year and HbA1c ≥9%/75mmol/mol. All were receiving care from a specialist diabetes team. Following basic diabetes self-management education and a 10 day period of blinded CGM, participants were randomised to one of two sequences. Sequence 1: 12 weeks routine diabetes care followed by 12 weeks CGM use; Sequence 2: 12 weeks CGM followed by 12 weeks routine diabetes care. Both sequences undertook a 12 week follow up period with no CGM use. Results: Fifty-one participants were randomised, 25 to sequence 1, 26 to sequence 2. At baseline, 62.7% were male, mean age 59.7 years, mean (SD) HbA1c 10.7% (1.07)/93mmol/mol (11.74) and 88.2% were prescribed insulin therapy. DSMQ mean total score pre-CGM was 7.0 (1.37). Following CGM use, DSMQ total and subset scores improved, with total score increasing significantly (mean difference 0.62, 95% CI 0.27, 0.98; p=0.001). Present quality of life, HbA1c and %Time in Range also significantly improved following CGM use. Conclusion: In people with complex type 2 diabetes, the introduction of CGM can significantly improve diabetes self-management behaviour and other important outcomes.
published_date 2025-07-31T05:24:20Z
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