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Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties

Abdul Samad Orcid Logo, Xue Luo, Jiawei Wang Orcid Logo, Muhammad Waheed Abid

Construction and Building Materials, Volume: 497, Start page: 143795

Swansea University Author: Jiawei Wang Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143795

Abstract

To address the challenges of developing eco-friendly and sustainable asphalt binders, this study explores the use of three primary waste materials from the automobile and pavement industries: crumb rubber (CR), waste engine oil (WEO), and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). While previous studies have...

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Published in: Construction and Building Materials
ISSN: 0950-0618 1879-0526
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70585
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spelling 2025-11-06T11:34:59.2298099 v2 70585 2025-10-06 Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties 908c93a858e2ed0cf6fadaff3d3f43cc 0000-0001-5690-9107 Jiawei Wang Jiawei Wang true false 2025-10-06 EAAS To address the challenges of developing eco-friendly and sustainable asphalt binders, this study explores the use of three primary waste materials from the automobile and pavement industries: crumb rubber (CR), waste engine oil (WEO), and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). While previous studies have explored the use of individual or dual rejuvenators, limited research has examined multiple additives for rejuvenating 100 % RAP binders. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the effect of sequentially adding CR, WEO, and SBS on the aging, cracking, rheological, and bonding properties of laboratory-produced RAP binders. Kinetic modeling (via Arrhenius equations) was employed to quantify aging activation energy (Eaa), cracking activation energy (Eac), and viscous flow activation energy (Ev). Four rejuvenated binders were prepared using different contents of additives (6 % CR, 7.5 % and 10 % WEO, and 2 % and 3 % SBS), and their performance was compared to virgin and RAP binders. Results indicate that adding 10 % WEO, 6 % CR, and 3 % SBS improves fatigue resistance, as evidenced by higher cracking activation energy and improved adhesive bond strength. The blend with 7.5 % WEO, 6 % CR, and 3 % SBS demonstrated superior high-temperature performance in multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) tests. Notably, the blend with 10 % WEO, 6 % CR, and 2 % SBS exhibited the lowest viscosity among the rejuvenated binders, enhancing workability and flow characteristics. These findings demonstrate the potential of multi-additive blends to improve the durability and sustainability of RAP binders, offering a promising solution for extending pavement service life. Journal Article Construction and Building Materials 497 143795 Elsevier BV 0950-0618 1879-0526 Waste material; RAP; Rejuvenators; Kinetic approach; Activation energy; Additives 31 10 2025 2025-10-31 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143795 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Royal Society under the International Exchanges Scheme, project code IEC\NSFC\223060, and the support of the European Union HORIZON TMA MSCA Staff Exchanges (HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01), grant agreement no 101086071. 2025-11-06T11:34:59.2298099 2025-10-06T16:40:15.9897960 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Abdul Samad 0009-0007-9467-7774 1 Xue Luo 2 Jiawei Wang 0000-0001-5690-9107 3 Muhammad Waheed Abid 4 70585__35566__866fcdc546694fc18252a5036347eb8b.pdf 70585.VOR.pdf 2025-11-06T11:31:49.9133813 Output 7072555 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties
spellingShingle Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties
Jiawei Wang
title_short Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties
title_full Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties
title_fullStr Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties
title_sort Optimization of recycled asphalt binder with eco-friendly additives: Activation energy and bonding properties
author_id_str_mv 908c93a858e2ed0cf6fadaff3d3f43cc
author_id_fullname_str_mv 908c93a858e2ed0cf6fadaff3d3f43cc_***_Jiawei Wang
author Jiawei Wang
author2 Abdul Samad
Xue Luo
Jiawei Wang
Muhammad Waheed Abid
format Journal article
container_title Construction and Building Materials
container_volume 497
container_start_page 143795
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0950-0618
1879-0526
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143795
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 1
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description To address the challenges of developing eco-friendly and sustainable asphalt binders, this study explores the use of three primary waste materials from the automobile and pavement industries: crumb rubber (CR), waste engine oil (WEO), and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). While previous studies have explored the use of individual or dual rejuvenators, limited research has examined multiple additives for rejuvenating 100 % RAP binders. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the effect of sequentially adding CR, WEO, and SBS on the aging, cracking, rheological, and bonding properties of laboratory-produced RAP binders. Kinetic modeling (via Arrhenius equations) was employed to quantify aging activation energy (Eaa), cracking activation energy (Eac), and viscous flow activation energy (Ev). Four rejuvenated binders were prepared using different contents of additives (6 % CR, 7.5 % and 10 % WEO, and 2 % and 3 % SBS), and their performance was compared to virgin and RAP binders. Results indicate that adding 10 % WEO, 6 % CR, and 3 % SBS improves fatigue resistance, as evidenced by higher cracking activation energy and improved adhesive bond strength. The blend with 7.5 % WEO, 6 % CR, and 3 % SBS demonstrated superior high-temperature performance in multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) tests. Notably, the blend with 10 % WEO, 6 % CR, and 2 % SBS exhibited the lowest viscosity among the rejuvenated binders, enhancing workability and flow characteristics. These findings demonstrate the potential of multi-additive blends to improve the durability and sustainability of RAP binders, offering a promising solution for extending pavement service life.
published_date 2025-10-31T05:33:14Z
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score 11.095902

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