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Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale

Alexander Smith Orcid Logo, Kalliopi Mavromati Orcid Logo, Jonathan Hewitt Orcid Logo, Michael Robling, Terence J. Quinn Orcid Logo

Disability and Rehabilitation, Pages: 1 - 9

Swansea University Author: Alexander Smith Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/09638288.2026.2614225

Abstract

The Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) assessment is commonly used in research and clinical contexts. However, there are concerns surrounding psychometric properties, and with 22-items, NEADL may be too long for clinical use at scale. We aimed to derive a psychometrically robust...

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Published in: Disability and Rehabilitation
ISSN: 0963-8288 1464-5165
Published: Informa UK Limited 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71353
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Its use of fewer and more relevant items makes it suitable for use in busy healthcare settings. Implications for rehabilitation Assessment of ability in extended activities of daily living (eADL) is a fundamental part of research and clinical practice. We derived a short form of the Nottingham eADL scale, containing 5 questions about mobility and kitchen tasks, that captures functional independence in daily life as robustly as the original scale. 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spelling 2026-02-16T10:50:31.5627715 v2 71353 2026-01-30 Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale a7a45e9adb57476de1eb1ae5613d2098 0000-0001-9656-6751 Alexander Smith Alexander Smith true false 2026-01-30 HSOC The Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) assessment is commonly used in research and clinical contexts. However, there are concerns surrounding psychometric properties, and with 22-items, NEADL may be too long for clinical use at scale. We aimed to derive a psychometrically robust short form NEADL. Data were from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive, including individual participant data from 3,6,12 months. Six-month data were used to evaluate NEADL reliability and validity. Corrected item-total correlations identified items for inclusion in the short form (SF-NEADL). The resulting SF-NEADL was then assessed at all time-points for reliability, structural and construct validity, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). NEADL had high internal consistency, and five items with corrected item-total correlations over 0.7 were selected to create a SF-NEADL. The NEADL and SF-NEADL at 6 months had excellent reliability, and construct validity. SF-NEADL reliability and validity were stable at 3 and 12 months. CFA did not suggest unidimensionality of NEADL or SF-NEADL, but SF-NEADL achieved good fit with a two-item structure. Reliability and validity of our SF-NEADL suggest it is a robust alternative to standard eADL assessments. Its use of fewer and more relevant items makes it suitable for use in busy healthcare settings. Implications for rehabilitation Assessment of ability in extended activities of daily living (eADL) is a fundamental part of research and clinical practice. We derived a short form of the Nottingham eADL scale, containing 5 questions about mobility and kitchen tasks, that captures functional independence in daily life as robustly as the original scale. With 5 items rather than the original 22, the SF-NEADL is easier to administer and less likely to induce participant fatigue and incomplete response, making it suitable for inclusion in a battery of tests as part of a research or clinical protocol. Journal Article Disability and Rehabilitation 0 1 9 Informa UK Limited 0963-8288 1464-5165 ADL, activities of daily living, eADL, function, psychometrics, stroke 16 1 2026 2026-01-16 10.1080/09638288.2026.2614225 Assessment Procedure COLLEGE NANME Health and Social Care School COLLEGE CODE HSOC Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This work was part supported by a Stroke Association PhD Fellowship (grant number SA PGF 18\100029) and by the European Union as a part of the Horizon Europe research initiative RES-Q+ (grant number 101057603). 2026-02-16T10:50:31.5627715 2026-01-30T15:05:41.1062027 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Health and Social Care - Therapies Alexander Smith 0000-0001-9656-6751 1 Kalliopi Mavromati 0000-0002-6600-064x 2 Jonathan Hewitt 0000-0002-7924-1792 3 Michael Robling 4 Terence J. Quinn 0000-0003-1401-0181 5 71353__36155__2787e9402ae449cd957655df1b6ae459.pdf 71353.VOR.pdf 2026-01-30T15:12:04.4254299 Output 1497303 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2026 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale
spellingShingle Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale
Alexander Smith
title_short Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale
title_full Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale
title_fullStr Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale
title_full_unstemmed Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale
title_sort Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale
author_id_str_mv a7a45e9adb57476de1eb1ae5613d2098
author_id_fullname_str_mv a7a45e9adb57476de1eb1ae5613d2098_***_Alexander Smith
author Alexander Smith
author2 Alexander Smith
Kalliopi Mavromati
Jonathan Hewitt
Michael Robling
Terence J. Quinn
format Journal article
container_title Disability and Rehabilitation
container_volume 0
container_start_page 1
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 0963-8288
1464-5165
doi_str_mv 10.1080/09638288.2026.2614225
publisher Informa UK Limited
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Health and Social Care - Therapies{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Health and Social Care - Therapies
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description The Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) assessment is commonly used in research and clinical contexts. However, there are concerns surrounding psychometric properties, and with 22-items, NEADL may be too long for clinical use at scale. We aimed to derive a psychometrically robust short form NEADL. Data were from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive, including individual participant data from 3,6,12 months. Six-month data were used to evaluate NEADL reliability and validity. Corrected item-total correlations identified items for inclusion in the short form (SF-NEADL). The resulting SF-NEADL was then assessed at all time-points for reliability, structural and construct validity, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). NEADL had high internal consistency, and five items with corrected item-total correlations over 0.7 were selected to create a SF-NEADL. The NEADL and SF-NEADL at 6 months had excellent reliability, and construct validity. SF-NEADL reliability and validity were stable at 3 and 12 months. CFA did not suggest unidimensionality of NEADL or SF-NEADL, but SF-NEADL achieved good fit with a two-item structure. Reliability and validity of our SF-NEADL suggest it is a robust alternative to standard eADL assessments. Its use of fewer and more relevant items makes it suitable for use in busy healthcare settings. Implications for rehabilitation Assessment of ability in extended activities of daily living (eADL) is a fundamental part of research and clinical practice. We derived a short form of the Nottingham eADL scale, containing 5 questions about mobility and kitchen tasks, that captures functional independence in daily life as robustly as the original scale. With 5 items rather than the original 22, the SF-NEADL is easier to administer and less likely to induce participant fatigue and incomplete response, making it suitable for inclusion in a battery of tests as part of a research or clinical protocol.
published_date 2026-01-16T05:46:48Z
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