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High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress

Xiaolian Zhao, Jiaxin Yu, Nannan Jia, Chuzhang Hong, Yue Luo, Wantong Jing, Zhiming Feng, Xinhua Liu, Rui Tan Orcid Logo

Chemistry – A European Journal

Swansea University Author: Rui Tan Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/chem.202503595

Abstract

The inherent intermittency of energy sources such as solar and wind power hinders the transition to renewable energy, necessitating advanced energy storage solutions. Enhancing energy density is crucial for lowering system costs and enabling large-scale deployment. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) demons...

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Published in: Chemistry – A European Journal
ISSN: 0947-6539 1521-3765
Published: Wiley 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71679
first_indexed 2026-03-26T13:05:24Z
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spelling 2026-04-27T15:22:09.4694451 v2 71679 2026-03-26 High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress 774c33a0a76a9152ca86a156b5ae26ff 0009-0001-9278-7327 Rui Tan Rui Tan true false 2026-03-26 EAAS The inherent intermittency of energy sources such as solar and wind power hinders the transition to renewable energy, necessitating advanced energy storage solutions. Enhancing energy density is crucial for lowering system costs and enabling large-scale deployment. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) demonstrate significant potential for grid-scale energy storage due to their scalable capacity, high safety, and long cycle life. However, the relatively low energy density of conventional RFBs has hindered their widespread adoption. This review summarizes recent research progress in high-energy-density flow batteries, focusing on key parameters and strategies for enhancing the energy density of aqueous RFBs (ARFBs). Three core strategies are discussed in detail: broadening the cell voltage window, constructing multi-electron transfer systems, and developing high-concentration electrolytes. To overcome the practical challenges (e.g., species crossover, material degradation) associated with implementing these high-energy-density strategies, this review also highlights the critical role of advanced membrane technology as a key enabling component. Finally, the review outlines prospects and challenges for high-energy-density flow batteries, emphasizing the need for further research on material stability, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Through continued innovation and optimization, high-energy-density flow batteries are expected to become a mainstream technology for grid storage, providing robust support for the efficient utilization of renewable energy. Journal Article Chemistry – A European Journal 0 Wiley 0947-6539 1521-3765 energy density; energy storage; high-concentration electrolyte; multi-electron transfer; redox flow battery 10 4 2026 2026-04-10 10.1002/chem.202503595 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Royal Society Research Grant (RGS\R2\252134) 2026-04-27T15:22:09.4694451 2026-03-26T13:03:31.2774889 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Xiaolian Zhao 1 Jiaxin Yu 2 Nannan Jia 3 Chuzhang Hong 4 Yue Luo 5 Wantong Jing 6 Zhiming Feng 7 Xinhua Liu 8 Rui Tan 0009-0001-9278-7327 9 71679__36614__ba99c040f82240529f92ba5656aa6546.pdf 71679.VoR.pdf 2026-04-27T15:19:53.2892104 Output 6094849 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress
spellingShingle High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress
Rui Tan
title_short High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress
title_full High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress
title_fullStr High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress
title_full_unstemmed High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress
title_sort High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Recent Progress
author_id_str_mv 774c33a0a76a9152ca86a156b5ae26ff
author_id_fullname_str_mv 774c33a0a76a9152ca86a156b5ae26ff_***_Rui Tan
author Rui Tan
author2 Xiaolian Zhao
Jiaxin Yu
Nannan Jia
Chuzhang Hong
Yue Luo
Wantong Jing
Zhiming Feng
Xinhua Liu
Rui Tan
format Journal article
container_title Chemistry – A European Journal
container_volume 0
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 0947-6539
1521-3765
doi_str_mv 10.1002/chem.202503595
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The inherent intermittency of energy sources such as solar and wind power hinders the transition to renewable energy, necessitating advanced energy storage solutions. Enhancing energy density is crucial for lowering system costs and enabling large-scale deployment. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) demonstrate significant potential for grid-scale energy storage due to their scalable capacity, high safety, and long cycle life. However, the relatively low energy density of conventional RFBs has hindered their widespread adoption. This review summarizes recent research progress in high-energy-density flow batteries, focusing on key parameters and strategies for enhancing the energy density of aqueous RFBs (ARFBs). Three core strategies are discussed in detail: broadening the cell voltage window, constructing multi-electron transfer systems, and developing high-concentration electrolytes. To overcome the practical challenges (e.g., species crossover, material degradation) associated with implementing these high-energy-density strategies, this review also highlights the critical role of advanced membrane technology as a key enabling component. Finally, the review outlines prospects and challenges for high-energy-density flow batteries, emphasizing the need for further research on material stability, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Through continued innovation and optimization, high-energy-density flow batteries are expected to become a mainstream technology for grid storage, providing robust support for the efficient utilization of renewable energy.
published_date 2026-04-10T06:14:53Z
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