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Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges

Tosin Somorin Orcid Logo, Samuel Getahun, Santiago Septien Orcid Logo, Ian Mabbett Orcid Logo, Athanasios Kolios Orcid Logo, Chris Buckley Orcid Logo

Gates Open Research, Volume: 4, Issue: 67, Start page: 67

Swansea University Author: Ian Mabbett Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.12688/gatesopenres.13137.2

Abstract

Background: Drying is an important step for the thermochemical conversion of solid fuels, but it is energy-intensive for treating highly moist materials.Methods: To inform the thermal treatment of faecal sludge (FS), this study investigated the drying characteristics and kinetics of various faecal w...

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Published in: Gates Open Research
ISSN: 2572-4754
Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2021
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spelling 2022-10-20T14:20:26.7627173 v2 54550 2020-06-25 Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges 5363e29b6a34d3e72b5d31140c9b51f0 0000-0003-2959-1716 Ian Mabbett Ian Mabbett true false 2020-06-25 CHEM Background: Drying is an important step for the thermochemical conversion of solid fuels, but it is energy-intensive for treating highly moist materials.Methods: To inform the thermal treatment of faecal sludge (FS), this study investigated the drying characteristics and kinetics of various faecal wastes using thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal heating conditions.Results: The findings show that FS from the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and ventilated improved pit latrines (VIP) exhibit similar drying characteristics, with maximum drying rates at 0.04 mg/min during a constant rate period that is followed by a distinct falling rate period. On the contrary, fresh human faeces (HF) and FS from urine diversion dry toilets (UDDT) exhibited a falling rate period regime with no prior or intermittent constant rate periods. The absence of a constant rate period in these samples suggested limited amounts of unbound water that can be removed by dewatering and vice versa for VIP and ABR faecal sludges. The activation energies and effective moisture diffusivity for the sludges varied from 28 to 36 kJ/mol and 1.7·10-7 to 10·10-7 m2/s at 55°C and sludge thickness of 3mm. The Page model was consistent in modelling the different sludges across all temperatures.Conclusions: These results presented in this study can inform the design and development of innovative drying methods for FS treatment. Journal Article Gates Open Research 4 67 67 F1000 Research Ltd 2572-4754 Thermogravimetric Study, Biomass Conversion, Sanitation Intervention, Kinetic Behaviour, Sludge Treatme 21 4 2021 2021-04-21 10.12688/gatesopenres.13137.2 First published: 25 Jun 2020, 4:67 (https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13137.1) COLLEGE NANME Chemistry COLLEGE CODE CHEM Swansea University 2022-10-20T14:20:26.7627173 2020-06-25T00:00:00.0000000 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry Tosin Somorin 0000-0001-5466-5970 1 Samuel Getahun 2 Santiago Septien 0000-0002-2020-3919 3 Ian Mabbett 0000-0003-2959-1716 4 Athanasios Kolios 0000-0001-6711-641x 5 Chris Buckley 0000-0002-2890-3936 6 54550__25530__98ee0468c07246c19f21f4cb4121499b.pdf 54550_VoR.pdf 2022-10-20T14:18:59.2434271 Output 1344744 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 Somorin T et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges
spellingShingle Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges
Ian Mabbett
title_short Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges
title_full Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges
title_fullStr Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges
title_full_unstemmed Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges
title_sort Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges
author_id_str_mv 5363e29b6a34d3e72b5d31140c9b51f0
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5363e29b6a34d3e72b5d31140c9b51f0_***_Ian Mabbett
author Ian Mabbett
author2 Tosin Somorin
Samuel Getahun
Santiago Septien
Ian Mabbett
Athanasios Kolios
Chris Buckley
format Journal article
container_title Gates Open Research
container_volume 4
container_issue 67
container_start_page 67
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 2572-4754
doi_str_mv 10.12688/gatesopenres.13137.2
publisher F1000 Research Ltd
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: Drying is an important step for the thermochemical conversion of solid fuels, but it is energy-intensive for treating highly moist materials.Methods: To inform the thermal treatment of faecal sludge (FS), this study investigated the drying characteristics and kinetics of various faecal wastes using thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal heating conditions.Results: The findings show that FS from the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and ventilated improved pit latrines (VIP) exhibit similar drying characteristics, with maximum drying rates at 0.04 mg/min during a constant rate period that is followed by a distinct falling rate period. On the contrary, fresh human faeces (HF) and FS from urine diversion dry toilets (UDDT) exhibited a falling rate period regime with no prior or intermittent constant rate periods. The absence of a constant rate period in these samples suggested limited amounts of unbound water that can be removed by dewatering and vice versa for VIP and ABR faecal sludges. The activation energies and effective moisture diffusivity for the sludges varied from 28 to 36 kJ/mol and 1.7·10-7 to 10·10-7 m2/s at 55°C and sludge thickness of 3mm. The Page model was consistent in modelling the different sludges across all temperatures.Conclusions: These results presented in this study can inform the design and development of innovative drying methods for FS treatment.
published_date 2021-04-21T04:08:09Z
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score 11.035634

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