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SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands

Jessica Minett, Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Orcid Logo, Halina Sobolewska, Paul Brickle, Glenn T. Crossin, Sofia Consuegra del Olmo Orcid Logo

Evolutionary Applications, Volume: 14, Issue: 8, Pages: 2134 - 2144

Swansea University Authors: Jessica Minett, Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Orcid Logo, Sofia Consuegra del Olmo Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/eva.13274

Abstract

Biological invasions are important causes of biodiversity loss, particularly in remote islands. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation and competition. However, due...

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Published in: Evolutionary Applications
ISSN: 1752-4571 1752-4571
Published: Wiley 2021
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Brown trout (Salmo trutta) have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation and competition. However, due to their importance for sport fishing and aquaculture farming, attempts to curtail the impacts of invasive salmonids have generally been met with limited support and the best prospects for protecting native galaxiids is to predict where and how salmonids might disperse. We analysed 266 invasive brown trout from 14 rivers and ponds across the Falkland Islands as well as 32 trout from three potential source populations, using a panel of 592 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and acoustic tagging, to ascertain their origins and current patterns of dispersal. We identified four genetically distinct clusters with high levels of genetic diversity and low admixture, likely reflecting the different origins of the invasive brown trout populations. Our analysis suggests that many trout populations in the Falklands may have originated from one of the donor populations analysed (River Wey). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the rivers with the greatest number of introductions and diverse origins, while the lowest diversity corresponded to a location without documented introductions, likely colonized by natural dispersal. High levels of gene flow indicated widespread migration of brown trout across the Falkland Islands, likely aided by anadromous dispersal. This is supported by data from acoustically tagged fish, three of which were detected frequently moving between two rivers ~26 km apart. Our results suggest that, without containment measures, brown trout may invade the last remaining refuges for the native endangered Aplochiton spp. We provide new insights into the origin and dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands that can pave the way for a targeted approach to limit their impact on native fish fauna.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Evolutionary Applications</journal><volume>14</volume><journalNumber>8</journalNumber><paginationStart>2134</paginationStart><paginationEnd>2144</paginationEnd><publisher>Wiley</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1752-4571</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1752-4571</issnElectronic><keywords>acoustic telemetry; connectivity; gene flow; genetic diversity; invasive species; population origin; Salmo trutta; single nucleotide polymorphisms</keywords><publishedDay>18</publishedDay><publishedMonth>8</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-08-18</publishedDate><doi>10.1111/eva.13274</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>Swansea University; Fortuna Ltd</funders><lastEdited>2021-10-20T15:46:41.8553854</lastEdited><Created>2021-09-20T12:30:18.1429439</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Jessica</firstname><surname>Minett</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Carlos</firstname><surname>Garcia De Leaniz</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1650-2729</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Halina</firstname><surname>Sobolewska</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Paul</firstname><surname>Brickle</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Glenn T.</firstname><surname>Crossin</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Sofia</firstname><surname>Consuegra del Olmo</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4403-2509</orcid><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>57977__21247__c848fb88159645b18392987e7d181baa.pdf</filename><originalFilename>57977.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2021-10-20T15:45:59.3908012</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1320794</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2021 The Authors. 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spelling 2021-10-20T15:46:41.8553854 v2 57977 2021-09-20 SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands 8e592c5576ea17cb28d83f8dc45bd932 Jessica Minett Jessica Minett true false 1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02 0000-0003-1650-2729 Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Carlos Garcia De Leaniz true false 241f2810ab8f56be53ca8af23e384c6e 0000-0003-4403-2509 Sofia Consuegra del Olmo Sofia Consuegra del Olmo true false 2021-09-20 Biological invasions are important causes of biodiversity loss, particularly in remote islands. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation and competition. However, due to their importance for sport fishing and aquaculture farming, attempts to curtail the impacts of invasive salmonids have generally been met with limited support and the best prospects for protecting native galaxiids is to predict where and how salmonids might disperse. We analysed 266 invasive brown trout from 14 rivers and ponds across the Falkland Islands as well as 32 trout from three potential source populations, using a panel of 592 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and acoustic tagging, to ascertain their origins and current patterns of dispersal. We identified four genetically distinct clusters with high levels of genetic diversity and low admixture, likely reflecting the different origins of the invasive brown trout populations. Our analysis suggests that many trout populations in the Falklands may have originated from one of the donor populations analysed (River Wey). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the rivers with the greatest number of introductions and diverse origins, while the lowest diversity corresponded to a location without documented introductions, likely colonized by natural dispersal. High levels of gene flow indicated widespread migration of brown trout across the Falkland Islands, likely aided by anadromous dispersal. This is supported by data from acoustically tagged fish, three of which were detected frequently moving between two rivers ~26 km apart. Our results suggest that, without containment measures, brown trout may invade the last remaining refuges for the native endangered Aplochiton spp. We provide new insights into the origin and dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands that can pave the way for a targeted approach to limit their impact on native fish fauna. Journal Article Evolutionary Applications 14 8 2134 2144 Wiley 1752-4571 1752-4571 acoustic telemetry; connectivity; gene flow; genetic diversity; invasive species; population origin; Salmo trutta; single nucleotide polymorphisms 18 8 2021 2021-08-18 10.1111/eva.13274 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University; Fortuna Ltd 2021-10-20T15:46:41.8553854 2021-09-20T12:30:18.1429439 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Jessica Minett 1 Carlos Garcia De Leaniz 0000-0003-1650-2729 2 Halina Sobolewska 3 Paul Brickle 4 Glenn T. Crossin 5 Sofia Consuegra del Olmo 0000-0003-4403-2509 6 57977__21247__c848fb88159645b18392987e7d181baa.pdf 57977.pdf 2021-10-20T15:45:59.3908012 Output 1320794 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
spellingShingle SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
Jessica Minett
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
title_short SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
title_full SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
title_fullStr SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
title_full_unstemmed SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
title_sort SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
author_id_str_mv 8e592c5576ea17cb28d83f8dc45bd932
1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02
241f2810ab8f56be53ca8af23e384c6e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 8e592c5576ea17cb28d83f8dc45bd932_***_Jessica Minett
1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02_***_Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
241f2810ab8f56be53ca8af23e384c6e_***_Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
author Jessica Minett
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
author2 Jessica Minett
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
Halina Sobolewska
Paul Brickle
Glenn T. Crossin
Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
format Journal article
container_title Evolutionary Applications
container_volume 14
container_issue 8
container_start_page 2134
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1752-4571
1752-4571
doi_str_mv 10.1111/eva.13274
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description Biological invasions are important causes of biodiversity loss, particularly in remote islands. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation and competition. However, due to their importance for sport fishing and aquaculture farming, attempts to curtail the impacts of invasive salmonids have generally been met with limited support and the best prospects for protecting native galaxiids is to predict where and how salmonids might disperse. We analysed 266 invasive brown trout from 14 rivers and ponds across the Falkland Islands as well as 32 trout from three potential source populations, using a panel of 592 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and acoustic tagging, to ascertain their origins and current patterns of dispersal. We identified four genetically distinct clusters with high levels of genetic diversity and low admixture, likely reflecting the different origins of the invasive brown trout populations. Our analysis suggests that many trout populations in the Falklands may have originated from one of the donor populations analysed (River Wey). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the rivers with the greatest number of introductions and diverse origins, while the lowest diversity corresponded to a location without documented introductions, likely colonized by natural dispersal. High levels of gene flow indicated widespread migration of brown trout across the Falkland Islands, likely aided by anadromous dispersal. This is supported by data from acoustically tagged fish, three of which were detected frequently moving between two rivers ~26 km apart. Our results suggest that, without containment measures, brown trout may invade the last remaining refuges for the native endangered Aplochiton spp. We provide new insights into the origin and dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands that can pave the way for a targeted approach to limit their impact on native fish fauna.
published_date 2021-08-18T04:14:07Z
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