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Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets

Robin S. Smith, Pierre Mathiot, Antony Siahaan, Victoria Lee, Stephen Cornford Orcid Logo, Jonathan M. Gregory, Antony J. Payne, Adrian Jenkins, Paul R. Holland, Jeff K. Ridley, Colin G. Jones

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Volume: 13, Issue: 10, Start page: e2021MS002520

Swansea University Author: Stephen Cornford Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1029/2021ms002520

Abstract

The physical interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean around them are major factors in determining the state of the climate system, yet many current Earth System models omit them entirely or treat them very simply. In this work we describe how models of the Greenland and Antarcti...

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Published in: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
ISSN: 1942-2466 1942-2466
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58432
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first_indexed 2021-10-20T11:44:33Z
last_indexed 2021-11-18T04:28:00Z
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In this work we describe how models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been incorporated into the global U.K. Earth System model (UKESM1) via substantial technical developments with a two&#x2010;way coupling that passes fluxes of energy and water, and the topography of the ice sheet surface and ice shelf base, between the component models. File&#x2010;based coupling outside the running model executables is used throughout to pass information between the components, which we show is both physically appropriate and convenient within the UKESM1 structure. Ice sheet surface mass balance is computed in the land surface model using multi&#x2010;layer snowpacks in subgrid&#x2010;scale elevation ranges and compares well to the results of regional climate models. Ice shelf front discharge forms icebergs, which drift and melt in the ocean. 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spelling 2021-11-17T16:30:08.4949127 v2 58432 2021-10-20 Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets 17ae00ff2346b8c23d7e2b34341610a4 0000-0003-1844-274X Stephen Cornford Stephen Cornford true false 2021-10-20 SGE The physical interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean around them are major factors in determining the state of the climate system, yet many current Earth System models omit them entirely or treat them very simply. In this work we describe how models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been incorporated into the global U.K. Earth System model (UKESM1) via substantial technical developments with a two‐way coupling that passes fluxes of energy and water, and the topography of the ice sheet surface and ice shelf base, between the component models. File‐based coupling outside the running model executables is used throughout to pass information between the components, which we show is both physically appropriate and convenient within the UKESM1 structure. Ice sheet surface mass balance is computed in the land surface model using multi‐layer snowpacks in subgrid‐scale elevation ranges and compares well to the results of regional climate models. Ice shelf front discharge forms icebergs, which drift and melt in the ocean. Ice shelf basal mass balance is simulated using the full three‐dimensional ocean model representation of the circulation in ice‐shelf cavities. We show a range of example results, including from simulations with changes in ice sheet height and thickness of hundreds of meters, and changes in ice sheet grounding line and land‐terminating margin of many tens of kilometres, demonstrating that the coupled model is computationally stable when subject to significant changes in ice sheet geometry. Journal Article Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 13 10 e2021MS002520 American Geophysical Union (AGU) 1942-2466 1942-2466 ESM; ISM; climate; ice; sea-level; modeling 19 10 2021 2021-10-19 10.1029/2021ms002520 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Grant: NE/N017978/1 Grant: NE/N01801X/1; European Commission (EC) Grant: H2020 641816; Met Office Hadley Center Climate Programme 2021-11-17T16:30:08.4949127 2021-10-20T12:41:19.1363174 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Robin S. Smith 1 Pierre Mathiot 2 Antony Siahaan 3 Victoria Lee 4 Stephen Cornford 0000-0003-1844-274X 5 Jonathan M. Gregory 6 Antony J. Payne 7 Adrian Jenkins 8 Paul R. Holland 9 Jeff K. Ridley 10 Colin G. Jones 11 58432__21237__df9d04321cdd49759d640c2f0659f184.pdf 2021MS002520.pdf 2021-10-20T12:41:19.0920584 Output 3081378 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
spellingShingle Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
Stephen Cornford
title_short Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
title_full Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
title_fullStr Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
title_full_unstemmed Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
title_sort Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
author_id_str_mv 17ae00ff2346b8c23d7e2b34341610a4
author_id_fullname_str_mv 17ae00ff2346b8c23d7e2b34341610a4_***_Stephen Cornford
author Stephen Cornford
author2 Robin S. Smith
Pierre Mathiot
Antony Siahaan
Victoria Lee
Stephen Cornford
Jonathan M. Gregory
Antony J. Payne
Adrian Jenkins
Paul R. Holland
Jeff K. Ridley
Colin G. Jones
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
container_volume 13
container_issue 10
container_start_page e2021MS002520
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1942-2466
1942-2466
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2021ms002520
publisher American Geophysical Union (AGU)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The physical interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean around them are major factors in determining the state of the climate system, yet many current Earth System models omit them entirely or treat them very simply. In this work we describe how models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been incorporated into the global U.K. Earth System model (UKESM1) via substantial technical developments with a two‐way coupling that passes fluxes of energy and water, and the topography of the ice sheet surface and ice shelf base, between the component models. File‐based coupling outside the running model executables is used throughout to pass information between the components, which we show is both physically appropriate and convenient within the UKESM1 structure. Ice sheet surface mass balance is computed in the land surface model using multi‐layer snowpacks in subgrid‐scale elevation ranges and compares well to the results of regional climate models. Ice shelf front discharge forms icebergs, which drift and melt in the ocean. Ice shelf basal mass balance is simulated using the full three‐dimensional ocean model representation of the circulation in ice‐shelf cavities. We show a range of example results, including from simulations with changes in ice sheet height and thickness of hundreds of meters, and changes in ice sheet grounding line and land‐terminating margin of many tens of kilometres, demonstrating that the coupled model is computationally stable when subject to significant changes in ice sheet geometry.
published_date 2021-10-19T04:14:57Z
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