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Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity / JESSICA MINETT

Swansea University Author: JESSICA MINETT

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.59312

Abstract

Biological invasions are important causes of biodiversity loss, particularly in remote islands. Non-native salmonids, such as brown trout (Salmo trutta), have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation...

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Published: Swansea 2022
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos; Consuegra, Sonia; Brickle, Paul; Crossin, Glenn
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59312
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first_indexed 2022-02-07T10:47:48Z
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spelling 2022-02-07T11:16:41.5349030 v2 59312 2022-02-07 Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity b795c5cf8265ce63873de2bccaea2e6c JESSICA MINETT JESSICA MINETT true false 2022-02-07 Biological invasions are important causes of biodiversity loss, particularly in remote islands. Non-native salmonids, such as brown trout (Salmo trutta), have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation and competition. However, due to their importance for sport fishing and aquaculture, they are often protected, and any attempts to curtail their impacts are generally met with limited support, which poses a conservation conundrum. The best prospect of protecting native galaxiids is to predict where and how salmonids might disperse. This thesis aims to answer three main questions about brown trout in the Falkland Islands in order to provide resource managers with information to facilitate conservation planning to minimize the impacts of brown trout on native galaxiids. (1) determine the distribution of invasive brown trout and native zebra trout, Aplochiton zebra and Aplochiton taeniatus. (2) estimate patterns of movement and (3) assess the population structuring and estimate levels of gene flow between different rivers and populations of brown trout in the Falklands. To meet these aims, I used state-of-the-art methods, including SNP genotyping, stable isotope analysis, acoustic tagging, and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. The results of this thesis suggest that establishment success (calculated as the proportion of historical introductions where brown trout became established) was ~88% and that brown trout are continuing to spread from their original sites of introduction. The native Aplochiton species have disappeared from most rivers invaded by brown trout. Four genetically distinct clusters of brown trout were identified, with high levels of gene flow indicating widespread dispersal of brown trout across the Falkland Islands. Without strong containment, brown trout are predicted to invaded nearly all suitable freshwater habitats in the Falklands within the next ~70 years, which might put native galaxiids at a high risk of extinction. E-Thesis Swansea Brown trout, Falkland Islands, invasive species, Aplochiton taeniatus, Aplochiton zebra, endemic fishes, high-resolution melt curve, , qPCR-HRM, acoustic telemetry, connectivity, gene flow, genetic diversity, population origin, Salmo trutta, single nucleotide polymorphisms, stable isotope analysis, translocations, risk management, invasion risk competitive exclusion 7 2 2022 2022-02-07 10.23889/SUthesis.59312 ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6449-0801 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos; Consuegra, Sonia; Brickle, Paul; Crossin, Glenn Doctoral Ph.D Fortuna LtD, Swansea University 2022-02-07T11:16:41.5349030 2022-02-07T10:44:27.5120009 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences JESSICA MINETT 1 59312__22315__d4d9d40d712f4ae9be65c30fffe289e7.pdf Minett_Jessica_F_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signatures.pdf 2022-02-07T11:07:18.5009801 Output 8836242 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Jessica F. Minett, 2022. true eng
title Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity
spellingShingle Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity
JESSICA MINETT
title_short Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity
title_full Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity
title_fullStr Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity
title_full_unstemmed Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity
title_sort Brown trout in the Falkland Islands: invasion ecology, population structure and genetic diversity
author_id_str_mv b795c5cf8265ce63873de2bccaea2e6c
author_id_fullname_str_mv b795c5cf8265ce63873de2bccaea2e6c_***_JESSICA MINETT
author JESSICA MINETT
author2 JESSICA MINETT
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.59312
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
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description Biological invasions are important causes of biodiversity loss, particularly in remote islands. Non-native salmonids, such as brown trout (Salmo trutta), have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation and competition. However, due to their importance for sport fishing and aquaculture, they are often protected, and any attempts to curtail their impacts are generally met with limited support, which poses a conservation conundrum. The best prospect of protecting native galaxiids is to predict where and how salmonids might disperse. This thesis aims to answer three main questions about brown trout in the Falkland Islands in order to provide resource managers with information to facilitate conservation planning to minimize the impacts of brown trout on native galaxiids. (1) determine the distribution of invasive brown trout and native zebra trout, Aplochiton zebra and Aplochiton taeniatus. (2) estimate patterns of movement and (3) assess the population structuring and estimate levels of gene flow between different rivers and populations of brown trout in the Falklands. To meet these aims, I used state-of-the-art methods, including SNP genotyping, stable isotope analysis, acoustic tagging, and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. The results of this thesis suggest that establishment success (calculated as the proportion of historical introductions where brown trout became established) was ~88% and that brown trout are continuing to spread from their original sites of introduction. The native Aplochiton species have disappeared from most rivers invaded by brown trout. Four genetically distinct clusters of brown trout were identified, with high levels of gene flow indicating widespread dispersal of brown trout across the Falkland Islands. Without strong containment, brown trout are predicted to invaded nearly all suitable freshwater habitats in the Falklands within the next ~70 years, which might put native galaxiids at a high risk of extinction.
published_date 2022-02-07T04:16:31Z
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score 11.012678

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