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Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning

Mark White, Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo, Jonathon Neville, Huw Summers Orcid Logo, Paul Rees Orcid Logo

PLOS ONE, Volume: 17, Issue: 2, Start page: e0263846

Swansea University Authors: Mark White, Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo, Huw Summers Orcid Logo, Paul Rees Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1371/journal.pone.0263846

Abstract

External peak power in the countermovement jump is frequently used to monitor athlete training. The gold standard method uses force platforms, but they are unsuitable for field-based testing. However, alternatives based on jump flight time or Newtonian methods applied to inertial sensor data have no...

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Published in: PLOS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59326
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The gold standard method uses force platforms, but they are unsuitable for field-based testing. However, alternatives based on jump flight time or Newtonian methods applied to inertial sensor data have not been sufficiently accurate for athlete monitoring. Instead, we developed a machine learning model based on characteristic features (functional principal components) extracted from a single body-worn accelerometer. Data were collected from 69 male and female athletes at recreational, club or national levels, who performed 696 jumps in total. We considered vertical countermovement jumps (with and without arm swing),sensor anatomical locations, machine learning models and whether to use resultant or triaxial signals. Using a novel surrogate model optimisation procedure, we obtained the lowest errors with a support vector machine when using the resultant signal from a lower back sensor in jumps without arm swing. 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spelling 2022-10-31T12:50:57.7818714 v2 59326 2022-02-08 Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning 725158b503e2be11ce4cc531afe08990 Mark White Mark White true false 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b 0000-0003-2229-3310 Neil Bezodis Neil Bezodis true false a61c15e220837ebfa52648c143769427 0000-0002-0898-5612 Huw Summers Huw Summers true false 537a2fe031a796a3bde99679ee8c24f5 0000-0002-7715-6914 Paul Rees Paul Rees true false 2022-02-08 STSC External peak power in the countermovement jump is frequently used to monitor athlete training. The gold standard method uses force platforms, but they are unsuitable for field-based testing. However, alternatives based on jump flight time or Newtonian methods applied to inertial sensor data have not been sufficiently accurate for athlete monitoring. Instead, we developed a machine learning model based on characteristic features (functional principal components) extracted from a single body-worn accelerometer. Data were collected from 69 male and female athletes at recreational, club or national levels, who performed 696 jumps in total. We considered vertical countermovement jumps (with and without arm swing),sensor anatomical locations, machine learning models and whether to use resultant or triaxial signals. Using a novel surrogate model optimisation procedure, we obtained the lowest errors with a support vector machine when using the resultant signal from a lower back sensor in jumps without arm swing. This model had a peak power RMSE of 2.3 W·kg-1 (5.1% of the mean), estimated using nested cross validation and supported by an independent holdout test (2.0 W·kg-1). This error is lower than in previous studies, although it is not yet sufficiently accurate for a field-based method. Our results demonstrate that functional data representations work well in machine learning by reducing model complexity in applications where signals are aligned in time. Our optimisation procedure also was shown to be robust can be used in wider applications with low-cost, noisy objective functions. Journal Article PLOS ONE 17 2 e0263846 Public Library of Science (PLoS) 1932-6203 10 2 2022 2022-02-10 10.1371/journal.pone.0263846 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The authors received no specific funding for this work. 2022-10-31T12:50:57.7818714 2022-02-08T08:43:43.0579993 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering Mark White 1 Neil Bezodis 0000-0003-2229-3310 2 Jonathon Neville 3 Huw Summers 0000-0002-0898-5612 4 Paul Rees 0000-0002-7715-6914 5 59326__22355__00ce67b96c0e4d948043e611686b1b3f.pdf 59326.pdf 2022-02-11T09:22:38.3305038 Output 2234745 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 White et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning
spellingShingle Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning
Mark White
Neil Bezodis
Huw Summers
Paul Rees
title_short Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning
title_full Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning
title_fullStr Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning
title_full_unstemmed Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning
title_sort Determining jumping performance from a single body-worn accelerometer using machine learning
author_id_str_mv 725158b503e2be11ce4cc531afe08990
534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b
a61c15e220837ebfa52648c143769427
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 725158b503e2be11ce4cc531afe08990_***_Mark White
534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b_***_Neil Bezodis
a61c15e220837ebfa52648c143769427_***_Huw Summers
537a2fe031a796a3bde99679ee8c24f5_***_Paul Rees
author Mark White
Neil Bezodis
Huw Summers
Paul Rees
author2 Mark White
Neil Bezodis
Jonathon Neville
Huw Summers
Paul Rees
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department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering
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description External peak power in the countermovement jump is frequently used to monitor athlete training. The gold standard method uses force platforms, but they are unsuitable for field-based testing. However, alternatives based on jump flight time or Newtonian methods applied to inertial sensor data have not been sufficiently accurate for athlete monitoring. Instead, we developed a machine learning model based on characteristic features (functional principal components) extracted from a single body-worn accelerometer. Data were collected from 69 male and female athletes at recreational, club or national levels, who performed 696 jumps in total. We considered vertical countermovement jumps (with and without arm swing),sensor anatomical locations, machine learning models and whether to use resultant or triaxial signals. Using a novel surrogate model optimisation procedure, we obtained the lowest errors with a support vector machine when using the resultant signal from a lower back sensor in jumps without arm swing. This model had a peak power RMSE of 2.3 W·kg-1 (5.1% of the mean), estimated using nested cross validation and supported by an independent holdout test (2.0 W·kg-1). This error is lower than in previous studies, although it is not yet sufficiently accurate for a field-based method. Our results demonstrate that functional data representations work well in machine learning by reducing model complexity in applications where signals are aligned in time. Our optimisation procedure also was shown to be robust can be used in wider applications with low-cost, noisy objective functions.
published_date 2022-02-10T04:16:33Z
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