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The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri

Benjamin M. Rumney Orcid Logo, Tegwen Malik Orcid Logo, Siân R. Morgan Orcid Logo, Andrew R. Parker Orcid Logo, Simon Holden, Julie Albon Orcid Logo, Philip N. Lewis Orcid Logo, Keith M. Meek Orcid Logo

Marine Biology, Volume: 169, Issue: 3, Start page: 35

Swansea University Author: Tegwen Malik Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s00227-021-04006-7

Abstract

The Skogsbergia lerneri is a marine ostracod which possesses a carapace that is both protective and transparent. Since development of this carapace and how it is maintained in the adult is not known, the aim of this investigation was to carry out an in-depth ultrastructural study of the ostracod car...

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Published in: Marine Biology
ISSN: 0025-3162 1432-1793
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59388
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Standard transmission electron microscopy and novel serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) were undertaken to discern carapace ultrastructure in both two and three dimensions. Analysis revealed a carapace consisting of the same basic layer structure as other myodocopid ostracods, namely an epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle and membranous layer, but with a thinner adult carapace of mean thickness of 19.2 &#xB1; 1.78 &#xB5;m, n = 5. The carapace layers, except for instar 1 ostracods, had similar relative proportions throughout development. The endocuticle and membranous layer thickened through advancing developmental stages due to an increase in calcified crystalline polyhedrons and a greater number of chitinous lamellae in the membranous layer. Crystalline polyhedron dimensions were significantly smaller near the boundary with the membranous layer. The borders between the carapace layers were indistinct; SBF-SEM revealed an abundance of epicuticle projections into the exocuticle and apparent gradual merging at the boundary of the exocuticle and the endocuticle. Here, we discuss how the S. lerneri carapace layer structure has evolved to serve a specific mechanical function, allowing surface protection and rigidity. 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spelling 2022-03-02T12:05:53.0521396 v2 59388 2022-02-14 The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri d7e74f3c3979dff2baba1a16fe50e24a 0000-0003-4315-5726 Tegwen Malik Tegwen Malik true false 2022-02-14 CBAE The Skogsbergia lerneri is a marine ostracod which possesses a carapace that is both protective and transparent. Since development of this carapace and how it is maintained in the adult is not known, the aim of this investigation was to carry out an in-depth ultrastructural study of the ostracod carapace at different developmental stages. Standard transmission electron microscopy and novel serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) were undertaken to discern carapace ultrastructure in both two and three dimensions. Analysis revealed a carapace consisting of the same basic layer structure as other myodocopid ostracods, namely an epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle and membranous layer, but with a thinner adult carapace of mean thickness of 19.2 ± 1.78 µm, n = 5. The carapace layers, except for instar 1 ostracods, had similar relative proportions throughout development. The endocuticle and membranous layer thickened through advancing developmental stages due to an increase in calcified crystalline polyhedrons and a greater number of chitinous lamellae in the membranous layer. Crystalline polyhedron dimensions were significantly smaller near the boundary with the membranous layer. The borders between the carapace layers were indistinct; SBF-SEM revealed an abundance of epicuticle projections into the exocuticle and apparent gradual merging at the boundary of the exocuticle and the endocuticle. Here, we discuss how the S. lerneri carapace layer structure has evolved to serve a specific mechanical function, allowing surface protection and rigidity. In addition, we suggest that the lack of pigment and graduated layer boundaries contribute to the transparency of the carapace. Journal Article Marine Biology 169 3 35 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0025-3162 1432-1793 Ostracod; Skogsbergia lerneri; Serial block face scanning electron microscopy; Ultrastructure; Instar development; Transmission electron microscopy; Myodocopid; Volume electron microscopy 13 2 2022 2022-02-13 10.1007/s00227-021-04006-7 COLLEGE NANME Management School COLLEGE CODE CBAE Swansea University This research was funded by DSTL (Framework Agreement Number DSTL/AGR/R/CBRN/01) and BMR was additionally funded by a Wellcome Trust [204824/Z/16/Z] ISSF3 Consolidator Award. 2022-03-02T12:05:53.0521396 2022-02-14T09:52:20.3570174 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Management - Business Management Benjamin M. Rumney 0000-0001-7854-9739 1 Tegwen Malik 0000-0003-4315-5726 2 Siân R. Morgan 0000-0003-4322-5763 3 Andrew R. Parker 0000-0002-4564-2838 4 Simon Holden 5 Julie Albon 0000-0002-3029-8245 6 Philip N. Lewis 0000-0003-4253-998x 7 Keith M. Meek 0000-0002-9948-7538 8 59388__22367__9d9e1af2e3104b1bb71bf28befe9bad6.pdf 59388.pdf 2022-02-14T09:53:44.2590134 Output 3812630 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
spellingShingle The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
Tegwen Malik
title_short The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
title_full The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
title_fullStr The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
title_full_unstemmed The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
title_sort The ultrastructural development and 3D reconstruction of the transparent carapace of the ostracod Skogsbergia lerneri
author_id_str_mv d7e74f3c3979dff2baba1a16fe50e24a
author_id_fullname_str_mv d7e74f3c3979dff2baba1a16fe50e24a_***_Tegwen Malik
author Tegwen Malik
author2 Benjamin M. Rumney
Tegwen Malik
Siân R. Morgan
Andrew R. Parker
Simon Holden
Julie Albon
Philip N. Lewis
Keith M. Meek
format Journal article
container_title Marine Biology
container_volume 169
container_issue 3
container_start_page 35
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0025-3162
1432-1793
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00227-021-04006-7
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str School of Management - Business Management{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Management - Business Management
document_store_str 1
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description The Skogsbergia lerneri is a marine ostracod which possesses a carapace that is both protective and transparent. Since development of this carapace and how it is maintained in the adult is not known, the aim of this investigation was to carry out an in-depth ultrastructural study of the ostracod carapace at different developmental stages. Standard transmission electron microscopy and novel serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) were undertaken to discern carapace ultrastructure in both two and three dimensions. Analysis revealed a carapace consisting of the same basic layer structure as other myodocopid ostracods, namely an epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle and membranous layer, but with a thinner adult carapace of mean thickness of 19.2 ± 1.78 µm, n = 5. The carapace layers, except for instar 1 ostracods, had similar relative proportions throughout development. The endocuticle and membranous layer thickened through advancing developmental stages due to an increase in calcified crystalline polyhedrons and a greater number of chitinous lamellae in the membranous layer. Crystalline polyhedron dimensions were significantly smaller near the boundary with the membranous layer. The borders between the carapace layers were indistinct; SBF-SEM revealed an abundance of epicuticle projections into the exocuticle and apparent gradual merging at the boundary of the exocuticle and the endocuticle. Here, we discuss how the S. lerneri carapace layer structure has evolved to serve a specific mechanical function, allowing surface protection and rigidity. In addition, we suggest that the lack of pigment and graduated layer boundaries contribute to the transparency of the carapace.
published_date 2022-02-13T07:52:21Z
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