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Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum
,
Shazia Khan,
Christopher Coates,
Dan Eastwood ,
Ed Dudley,
Thierry Maffeis ,
Joel Loveridge ,
Tariq Butt
Journal of Fungi, Volume: 8, Issue: 4, Start page: 326
Swansea University Authors:
Esam Hummadi, Yarkin Cetin, Merve Demirbek, Shazia Khan, Christopher Coates, Dan Eastwood , Ed Dudley, Thierry Maffeis , Joel Loveridge , Tariq Butt
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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/jof8040326
Abstract
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent promising candidates for biopesticide fumigants to control crop pests and pathogens. Herein, VOCs produced using three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum were identified via GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. The...
| Published in: | Journal of Fungi |
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| ISSN: | 2309-608X |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59679 |
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| Abstract: |
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent promising candidates for biopesticide fumigants to control crop pests and pathogens. Herein, VOCs produced using three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum were identified via GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. The VOC profiles varied with fungal strain, development state (mycelium, spores) and culture conditions. Selected VOCs were screened against a range of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbes, including three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), five Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. thuringiensis), two yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) and three plant pathogenic fungi (Pythium ultimum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum). Microbes differed in their sensitivity to the test compounds, with 1-octen-3-ol and isovaleric acid showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Yeasts and bacteria were inhibited by the same VOCs. Cryo-SEM showed that both yeasts and bacteria underwent some form of “autolysis”, where all components of the cell, including the cell wall, disintegrated with little evidence of their presence in the clear, inhibition zone. The oomycete (P. ultimum) and ascomycete fungi (F. graminearum, B. cinerea) were sensitive to a wider range of VOCs than the bacteria, suggesting that eukaryotic microbes are the main competitors to M. brunneum in the rhizosphere. The ability to alter the VOC profile in response to nutritional cues may assist M. brunneum to survive among the roots of a wide range of plant species. Our VOC studies provided new insights as to how M. brunneum may protect plants from pathogenic microbes and correspondingly promote healthy growth. |
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| Keywords: |
Metarhizium brunneum; entomopathogenic fungi; antimicrobial compounds; volatile organic compounds; plant pathogens |
| College: |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| Funders: |
E.H.H. was funded by the Iraqi Govt. T.M.B. was supported by a grant funded jointly
by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; the Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs; the Economic and Social Research Council; the Forestry Commission; the
Natural Environment Research Council; and the Scottish Government under the Tree Health and
Plant Biosecurity Initiative |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Start Page: |
326 |