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Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum
Esam Hummadi,
Yarkin Cetin,
Merve Demirbek,
Nadeems M. Kardar 
,
Shazia Khan,
Christopher Coates,
Dan Eastwood ,
Ed Dudley,
Thierry Maffeis ,
Joel Loveridge ,
Tariq Butt
,
Shazia Khan,
Christopher Coates,
Dan Eastwood ,
Ed Dudley,
Thierry Maffeis ,
Joel Loveridge ,
Tariq Butt
Journal of Fungi, Volume: 8, Issue: 4, Start page: 326
Swansea University Authors:
Esam Hummadi, Yarkin Cetin, Merve Demirbek, Shazia Khan, Christopher Coates, Dan Eastwood , Ed Dudley, Thierry Maffeis , Joel Loveridge , Tariq Butt
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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/jof8040326
Abstract
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent promising candidates for biopesticide fumigants to control crop pests and pathogens. Herein, VOCs produced using three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum were identified via GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. The...
| Published in: | Journal of Fungi |
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| ISSN: | 2309-608X |
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MDPI AG
2022
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Herein, VOCs produced using three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum were identified via GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. The VOC profiles varied with fungal strain, development state (mycelium, spores) and culture conditions. Selected VOCs were screened against a range of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbes, including three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), five Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. thuringiensis), two yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) and three plant pathogenic fungi (Pythium ultimum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum). Microbes differed in their sensitivity to the test compounds, with 1-octen-3-ol and isovaleric acid showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Yeasts and bacteria were inhibited by the same VOCs. Cryo-SEM showed that both yeasts and bacteria underwent some form of “autolysis”, where all components of the cell, including the cell wall, disintegrated with little evidence of their presence in the clear, inhibition zone. The oomycete (P. ultimum) and ascomycete fungi (F. graminearum, B. cinerea) were sensitive to a wider range of VOCs than the bacteria, suggesting that eukaryotic microbes are the main competitors to M. brunneum in the rhizosphere. The ability to alter the VOC profile in response to nutritional cues may assist M. brunneum to survive among the roots of a wide range of plant species. Our VOC studies provided new insights as to how M. brunneum may protect plants from pathogenic microbes and correspondingly promote healthy growth.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Fungi</journal><volume>8</volume><journalNumber>4</journalNumber><paginationStart>326</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2309-608X</issnElectronic><keywords>Metarhizium brunneum; entomopathogenic fungi; antimicrobial compounds; volatile organic compounds; plant pathogens</keywords><publishedDay>22</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-03-22</publishedDate><doi>10.3390/jof8040326</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SBI</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library)</apcterm><funders>E.H.H. was funded by the Iraqi Govt. T.M.B. was supported by a grant funded jointly
by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; the Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs; the Economic and Social Research Council; the Forestry Commission; the
Natural Environment Research Council; and the Scottish Government under the Tree Health and
Plant Biosecurity Initiative</funders><projectreference>BB/L012472/1</projectreference><lastEdited>2022-05-17T15:16:43.8397872</lastEdited><Created>2022-03-21T15:58:20.3710832</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Esam</firstname><surname>Hummadi</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Yarkin</firstname><surname>Cetin</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Merve</firstname><surname>Demirbek</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Nadeems M.</firstname><surname>Kardar</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2695-5852</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Shazia</firstname><surname>Khan</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Christopher</firstname><surname>Coates</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Dan</firstname><surname>Eastwood</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7015-0739</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Ed</firstname><surname>Dudley</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Thierry</firstname><surname>Maffeis</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2357-0092</orcid><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Joel</firstname><surname>Loveridge</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8528-4019</orcid><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Tariq</firstname><surname>Butt</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8789-9543</orcid><order>11</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59679__23914__0312f7ae19104ab187d31acaaa3a75b1.pdf</filename><originalFilename>59679.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-04-26T12:23:24.8757276</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>6311142</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2022 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
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2022-05-17T15:16:43.8397872 v2 59679 2022-03-21 Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum 1c141b261d5c2534b3c2fadb94e90e75 Esam Hummadi Esam Hummadi true false 93dcb1e0bae52051387a45ac092cc257 Yarkin Cetin Yarkin Cetin true false 91419a7a254ab4affd7e58b239dc4f31 Merve Demirbek Merve Demirbek true false 5b1877c69ba997b580a1290467e5b4f8 Shazia Khan Shazia Khan true false af160934b75bea5b8ba83d68b3d1a003 Christopher Coates Christopher Coates true false 4982f3fa83886c0362e2bb43ce1c027f 0000-0002-7015-0739 Dan Eastwood Dan Eastwood true false c7d05f992a817cd3b9a5f946bd909b71 Ed Dudley Ed Dudley true false 992eb4cb18b61c0cd3da6e0215ac787c 0000-0003-2357-0092 Thierry Maffeis Thierry Maffeis true false 5dd2760b388ec3cc2af33bb62f3f151a 0000-0002-8528-4019 Joel Loveridge Joel Loveridge true false 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece 0000-0002-8789-9543 Tariq Butt Tariq Butt true false 2022-03-21 SBI Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent promising candidates for biopesticide fumigants to control crop pests and pathogens. Herein, VOCs produced using three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum were identified via GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. The VOC profiles varied with fungal strain, development state (mycelium, spores) and culture conditions. Selected VOCs were screened against a range of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbes, including three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), five Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. thuringiensis), two yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) and three plant pathogenic fungi (Pythium ultimum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum). Microbes differed in their sensitivity to the test compounds, with 1-octen-3-ol and isovaleric acid showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Yeasts and bacteria were inhibited by the same VOCs. Cryo-SEM showed that both yeasts and bacteria underwent some form of “autolysis”, where all components of the cell, including the cell wall, disintegrated with little evidence of their presence in the clear, inhibition zone. The oomycete (P. ultimum) and ascomycete fungi (F. graminearum, B. cinerea) were sensitive to a wider range of VOCs than the bacteria, suggesting that eukaryotic microbes are the main competitors to M. brunneum in the rhizosphere. The ability to alter the VOC profile in response to nutritional cues may assist M. brunneum to survive among the roots of a wide range of plant species. Our VOC studies provided new insights as to how M. brunneum may protect plants from pathogenic microbes and correspondingly promote healthy growth. Journal Article Journal of Fungi 8 4 326 MDPI AG 2309-608X Metarhizium brunneum; entomopathogenic fungi; antimicrobial compounds; volatile organic compounds; plant pathogens 22 3 2022 2022-03-22 10.3390/jof8040326 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) E.H.H. was funded by the Iraqi Govt. T.M.B. was supported by a grant funded jointly by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; the Economic and Social Research Council; the Forestry Commission; the Natural Environment Research Council; and the Scottish Government under the Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative BB/L012472/1 2022-05-17T15:16:43.8397872 2022-03-21T15:58:20.3710832 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Esam Hummadi 1 Yarkin Cetin 2 Merve Demirbek 3 Nadeems M. Kardar 0000-0003-2695-5852 4 Shazia Khan 5 Christopher Coates 6 Dan Eastwood 0000-0002-7015-0739 7 Ed Dudley 8 Thierry Maffeis 0000-0003-2357-0092 9 Joel Loveridge 0000-0002-8528-4019 10 Tariq Butt 0000-0002-8789-9543 11 59679__23914__0312f7ae19104ab187d31acaaa3a75b1.pdf 59679.pdf 2022-04-26T12:23:24.8757276 Output 6311142 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| title |
Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum |
| spellingShingle |
Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum Esam Hummadi Yarkin Cetin Merve Demirbek Shazia Khan Christopher Coates Dan Eastwood Ed Dudley Thierry Maffeis Joel Loveridge Tariq Butt |
| title_short |
Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum |
| title_full |
Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum |
| title_fullStr |
Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum |
| title_sort |
Antimicrobial Volatiles of the Insect Pathogen Metarhizium brunneum |
| author_id_str_mv |
1c141b261d5c2534b3c2fadb94e90e75 93dcb1e0bae52051387a45ac092cc257 91419a7a254ab4affd7e58b239dc4f31 5b1877c69ba997b580a1290467e5b4f8 af160934b75bea5b8ba83d68b3d1a003 4982f3fa83886c0362e2bb43ce1c027f c7d05f992a817cd3b9a5f946bd909b71 992eb4cb18b61c0cd3da6e0215ac787c 5dd2760b388ec3cc2af33bb62f3f151a 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece |
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1c141b261d5c2534b3c2fadb94e90e75_***_Esam Hummadi 93dcb1e0bae52051387a45ac092cc257_***_Yarkin Cetin 91419a7a254ab4affd7e58b239dc4f31_***_Merve Demirbek 5b1877c69ba997b580a1290467e5b4f8_***_Shazia Khan af160934b75bea5b8ba83d68b3d1a003_***_Christopher Coates 4982f3fa83886c0362e2bb43ce1c027f_***_Dan Eastwood c7d05f992a817cd3b9a5f946bd909b71_***_Ed Dudley 992eb4cb18b61c0cd3da6e0215ac787c_***_Thierry Maffeis 5dd2760b388ec3cc2af33bb62f3f151a_***_Joel Loveridge 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece_***_Tariq Butt |
| author |
Esam Hummadi Yarkin Cetin Merve Demirbek Shazia Khan Christopher Coates Dan Eastwood Ed Dudley Thierry Maffeis Joel Loveridge Tariq Butt |
| author2 |
Esam Hummadi Yarkin Cetin Merve Demirbek Nadeems M. Kardar Shazia Khan Christopher Coates Dan Eastwood Ed Dudley Thierry Maffeis Joel Loveridge Tariq Butt |
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Journal of Fungi |
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8 |
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326 |
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2022 |
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2309-608X |
| doi_str_mv |
10.3390/jof8040326 |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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facultyofscienceandengineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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facultyofscienceandengineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences |
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| description |
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent promising candidates for biopesticide fumigants to control crop pests and pathogens. Herein, VOCs produced using three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum were identified via GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. The VOC profiles varied with fungal strain, development state (mycelium, spores) and culture conditions. Selected VOCs were screened against a range of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbes, including three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), five Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. thuringiensis), two yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) and three plant pathogenic fungi (Pythium ultimum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum). Microbes differed in their sensitivity to the test compounds, with 1-octen-3-ol and isovaleric acid showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Yeasts and bacteria were inhibited by the same VOCs. Cryo-SEM showed that both yeasts and bacteria underwent some form of “autolysis”, where all components of the cell, including the cell wall, disintegrated with little evidence of their presence in the clear, inhibition zone. The oomycete (P. ultimum) and ascomycete fungi (F. graminearum, B. cinerea) were sensitive to a wider range of VOCs than the bacteria, suggesting that eukaryotic microbes are the main competitors to M. brunneum in the rhizosphere. The ability to alter the VOC profile in response to nutritional cues may assist M. brunneum to survive among the roots of a wide range of plant species. Our VOC studies provided new insights as to how M. brunneum may protect plants from pathogenic microbes and correspondingly promote healthy growth. |
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2022-03-22T04:17:10Z |
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11.016235 |