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Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology / ANDREW CLAYPOLE

Swansea University Author: ANDREW CLAYPOLE

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.59727

Abstract

A Graphite nanoplatelet enabled, flexible, printed heater has been developed to help maintain muscles temperature in elite athletes, to provide a competitive advantage. The heaters had to conform to the body to maximise heat transfer whilst minimising disruption to athletic effort. The heat output h...

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Published: Swansea 2020
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: EngD
Supervisor: Kilduff, Liam P.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59727
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first_indexed 2022-03-29T08:07:44Z
last_indexed 2022-03-30T03:27:45Z
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spelling 2022-03-29T09:22:56.9725999 v2 59727 2022-03-29 Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology 6015e541d8d67eec0596c5a7959f665c ANDREW CLAYPOLE ANDREW CLAYPOLE true false 2022-03-29 A Graphite nanoplatelet enabled, flexible, printed heater has been developed to help maintain muscles temperature in elite athletes, to provide a competitive advantage. The heaters had to conform to the body to maximise heat transfer whilst minimising disruption to athletic effort. The heat output had to remain uniform even while flexed and stretched. The impact of formulation on the rheology and printability of Graphite nanoplatelet based stretchable conductive inks was investigated. Plasma functionalised Graphite nanoplatelets were dispersed in a low viscosity Thermoplastic Polyurethane resin. Established suspension rheology models were fitted to the experimental data and a best fit found using the Krieger-Dougherty model. Ammonia plasma functionalised Graphite nanoplatelets were proved to form a more stable ink than un-functionalised Graphite nanoplatelets. Graphite nanoplatelets were hybridised with carbon black to improve the electrical properties of the coatings. The carbon black coated the Graphite nanoplatelets, improving interplatelet contact. At the highest carbon black concentrations, increases in viscosity and elasticity prevented the ink from relaxing to form a consistent layer. An optimum ink formulation produced coatings with a sheet resistance of 177Ω/□. The stretchable carbon ink had superior electromechanical properties than a stretchable silver ink. The carbon ink maintained electrical conductivity up to substrate break and showed a repeatable electromechanical response to cyclic straining to 100% nominal strain. The stretchable inks were constructed into a printed heater and thermoformed onto Lycra. The heaters produced uniform heat output up to 20% nominal strain, during cyclic loading to 10% nominal strain and while compressed. The optimised inks were used to create heaters for a stretchable, prototype base-layer garment for cold chamber testing, which better maintained muscle temperature and the athlete’s perception of warmth than an unheated control. An optimised design was used to produce garments for outdoor winter training 2018/2020 in preparation for the Tokyo Olympics. E-Thesis Swansea Printed electronics, Wearable Technology, Elite Sport, Screen Printing, Heated clothing 21 8 2020 2020-08-21 10.23889/SUthesis.59727 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Kilduff, Liam P. Doctoral EngD M2A Doctoral Training Centre 2022-03-29T09:22:56.9725999 2022-03-29T09:04:11.2358325 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised ANDREW CLAYPOLE 1 59727__23706__8b9159a6d14b4e8cb89f878e4e9bcb81.pdf Claypole_Andrew_EngD_Thesis_Final_Embargoed_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2022-03-29T09:12:46.1504480 Output 7670785 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true 2023-01-01T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The author, Andrew Claypole, 2020. true eng
title Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology
spellingShingle Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology
ANDREW CLAYPOLE
title_short Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology
title_full Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology
title_fullStr Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology
title_full_unstemmed Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology
title_sort Elite Sport as a Unique Test Arena for Printed Wearable Technology
author_id_str_mv 6015e541d8d67eec0596c5a7959f665c
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6015e541d8d67eec0596c5a7959f665c_***_ANDREW CLAYPOLE
author ANDREW CLAYPOLE
author2 ANDREW CLAYPOLE
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.59727
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description A Graphite nanoplatelet enabled, flexible, printed heater has been developed to help maintain muscles temperature in elite athletes, to provide a competitive advantage. The heaters had to conform to the body to maximise heat transfer whilst minimising disruption to athletic effort. The heat output had to remain uniform even while flexed and stretched. The impact of formulation on the rheology and printability of Graphite nanoplatelet based stretchable conductive inks was investigated. Plasma functionalised Graphite nanoplatelets were dispersed in a low viscosity Thermoplastic Polyurethane resin. Established suspension rheology models were fitted to the experimental data and a best fit found using the Krieger-Dougherty model. Ammonia plasma functionalised Graphite nanoplatelets were proved to form a more stable ink than un-functionalised Graphite nanoplatelets. Graphite nanoplatelets were hybridised with carbon black to improve the electrical properties of the coatings. The carbon black coated the Graphite nanoplatelets, improving interplatelet contact. At the highest carbon black concentrations, increases in viscosity and elasticity prevented the ink from relaxing to form a consistent layer. An optimum ink formulation produced coatings with a sheet resistance of 177Ω/□. The stretchable carbon ink had superior electromechanical properties than a stretchable silver ink. The carbon ink maintained electrical conductivity up to substrate break and showed a repeatable electromechanical response to cyclic straining to 100% nominal strain. The stretchable inks were constructed into a printed heater and thermoformed onto Lycra. The heaters produced uniform heat output up to 20% nominal strain, during cyclic loading to 10% nominal strain and while compressed. The optimised inks were used to create heaters for a stretchable, prototype base-layer garment for cold chamber testing, which better maintained muscle temperature and the athlete’s perception of warmth than an unheated control. An optimised design was used to produce garments for outdoor winter training 2018/2020 in preparation for the Tokyo Olympics.
published_date 2020-08-21T04:17:15Z
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score 10.997866

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