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Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest

Muhammad Shahbaz, Per Bengtson, Jordan R. Mertes, Bernd Kulessa Orcid Logo, Natascha Kljun

Science of The Total Environment, Volume: 831, Start page: 154876

Swansea University Author: Bernd Kulessa Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154876

Abstract

Boreal forests have a large impact on the global greenhouse gas balance and their soils constitute an important carbon (C) reservoir. Mature boreal forests are typically a net CO2 sink, but there are also examples of boreal forests that are persistent CO2 sources. The reasons remain often unknown, p...

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Published in: Science of The Total Environment
ISSN: 0048-9697
Published: Elsevier BV 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60021
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The reasons remain often unknown, presumably due to a lack of understanding of how biotic and abiotic drivers interact to determine the microbial respiration of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed at identifying the main drivers of microbial SOM respiration and CO2 and CH4 soil chamber-fluxes within dry and wet sampling areas at the mature boreal forest of Norunda, Sweden, a persistent net CO2 source. The spatial heterogeneity of the drivers was assessed with a geostatistical approach combined with stepwise multiple regression. We found that heterotrophic soil respiration increased with SOM content and nitrogen (N) availability, while the SOM reactivity, i.e., SOM specific respiration, was determined by soil moisture and N availability. The latter suggests that microbial activity was N rather than C limited and that microbial N mining might be driving old-SOM decomposition, which was observed through a positive correlation between soil respiration and its &#x3B4;13C values. SOM specific heterotrophic respiration was lower in wet than in dry areas, while no such dependencies were found for chamber-based soil CO2 fluxes, implying that oxygen depletion resulted in lower SOM reactivity. The chamber-based soil CH4 flux differed significantly between the wet and dry areas. In the wet area, we observed net CH4 emission that was positively related to soil moisture and NH4+-N content. Taken together, our findings suggest that N availability has a strong regulatory effect on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions at Norunda, and that microbial decomposition of old-SOM to release bioavailable N might be partly responsible for the net CO2 emission at the site.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Science of The Total Environment</journal><volume>831</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>154876</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0048-9697</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Carbon dioxide and methane flux; Geostatistics; Microbial respiration; Nutrients; Soil organic matter; Spatial heterogeneity</keywords><publishedDay>20</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-07-20</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154876</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Geography</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SGE</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>This project has been funded by Swedish Research Council FORMAS, Future pathways, Area 2, Grant 2018-01781. The Norunda research station is part of the ICOS (Integrated C Observation System), a European Research Infrastructure, and received funding by the Swedish Research Council VR, Grant 2019-00205. Airborne LiDAR for the Norunda site was acquired by Natascha Kljun with support from the British Natural Environment Research Council (NERC/ARSF/FSF grant EU10-01 and NERC/GEF grant 933), in collaboration with Laura Chasmer and Chris Hopkinson (University of Lethbridge)</funders><lastEdited>2022-05-18T13:48:50.3367981</lastEdited><Created>2022-05-14T08:51:37.7880919</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Muhammad</firstname><surname>Shahbaz</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Per</firstname><surname>Bengtson</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Jordan R.</firstname><surname>Mertes</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Bernd</firstname><surname>Kulessa</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4830-4949</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Natascha</firstname><surname>Kljun</surname><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>60021__24075__d660018c70eb44dba7b0d56680e05c4b.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Shabaz et al spatial heterogeneity soil carbon boreal forest.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-05-14T08:54:12.8732030</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>3020059</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2022 The Author(s). 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spelling 2022-05-18T13:48:50.3367981 v2 60021 2022-05-14 Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest 52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9 0000-0002-4830-4949 Bernd Kulessa Bernd Kulessa true false 2022-05-14 SGE Boreal forests have a large impact on the global greenhouse gas balance and their soils constitute an important carbon (C) reservoir. Mature boreal forests are typically a net CO2 sink, but there are also examples of boreal forests that are persistent CO2 sources. The reasons remain often unknown, presumably due to a lack of understanding of how biotic and abiotic drivers interact to determine the microbial respiration of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed at identifying the main drivers of microbial SOM respiration and CO2 and CH4 soil chamber-fluxes within dry and wet sampling areas at the mature boreal forest of Norunda, Sweden, a persistent net CO2 source. The spatial heterogeneity of the drivers was assessed with a geostatistical approach combined with stepwise multiple regression. We found that heterotrophic soil respiration increased with SOM content and nitrogen (N) availability, while the SOM reactivity, i.e., SOM specific respiration, was determined by soil moisture and N availability. The latter suggests that microbial activity was N rather than C limited and that microbial N mining might be driving old-SOM decomposition, which was observed through a positive correlation between soil respiration and its δ13C values. SOM specific heterotrophic respiration was lower in wet than in dry areas, while no such dependencies were found for chamber-based soil CO2 fluxes, implying that oxygen depletion resulted in lower SOM reactivity. The chamber-based soil CH4 flux differed significantly between the wet and dry areas. In the wet area, we observed net CH4 emission that was positively related to soil moisture and NH4+-N content. Taken together, our findings suggest that N availability has a strong regulatory effect on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions at Norunda, and that microbial decomposition of old-SOM to release bioavailable N might be partly responsible for the net CO2 emission at the site. Journal Article Science of The Total Environment 831 154876 Elsevier BV 0048-9697 Carbon dioxide and methane flux; Geostatistics; Microbial respiration; Nutrients; Soil organic matter; Spatial heterogeneity 20 7 2022 2022-07-20 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154876 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This project has been funded by Swedish Research Council FORMAS, Future pathways, Area 2, Grant 2018-01781. The Norunda research station is part of the ICOS (Integrated C Observation System), a European Research Infrastructure, and received funding by the Swedish Research Council VR, Grant 2019-00205. Airborne LiDAR for the Norunda site was acquired by Natascha Kljun with support from the British Natural Environment Research Council (NERC/ARSF/FSF grant EU10-01 and NERC/GEF grant 933), in collaboration with Laura Chasmer and Chris Hopkinson (University of Lethbridge) 2022-05-18T13:48:50.3367981 2022-05-14T08:51:37.7880919 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Muhammad Shahbaz 1 Per Bengtson 2 Jordan R. Mertes 3 Bernd Kulessa 0000-0002-4830-4949 4 Natascha Kljun 5 60021__24075__d660018c70eb44dba7b0d56680e05c4b.pdf Shabaz et al spatial heterogeneity soil carbon boreal forest.pdf 2022-05-14T08:54:12.8732030 Output 3020059 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest
spellingShingle Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest
Bernd Kulessa
title_short Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest
title_full Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest
title_fullStr Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest
title_full_unstemmed Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest
title_sort Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest
author_id_str_mv 52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9
author_id_fullname_str_mv 52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9_***_Bernd Kulessa
author Bernd Kulessa
author2 Muhammad Shahbaz
Per Bengtson
Jordan R. Mertes
Bernd Kulessa
Natascha Kljun
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container_title Science of The Total Environment
container_volume 831
container_start_page 154876
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0048-9697
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154876
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
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department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
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description Boreal forests have a large impact on the global greenhouse gas balance and their soils constitute an important carbon (C) reservoir. Mature boreal forests are typically a net CO2 sink, but there are also examples of boreal forests that are persistent CO2 sources. The reasons remain often unknown, presumably due to a lack of understanding of how biotic and abiotic drivers interact to determine the microbial respiration of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed at identifying the main drivers of microbial SOM respiration and CO2 and CH4 soil chamber-fluxes within dry and wet sampling areas at the mature boreal forest of Norunda, Sweden, a persistent net CO2 source. The spatial heterogeneity of the drivers was assessed with a geostatistical approach combined with stepwise multiple regression. We found that heterotrophic soil respiration increased with SOM content and nitrogen (N) availability, while the SOM reactivity, i.e., SOM specific respiration, was determined by soil moisture and N availability. The latter suggests that microbial activity was N rather than C limited and that microbial N mining might be driving old-SOM decomposition, which was observed through a positive correlation between soil respiration and its δ13C values. SOM specific heterotrophic respiration was lower in wet than in dry areas, while no such dependencies were found for chamber-based soil CO2 fluxes, implying that oxygen depletion resulted in lower SOM reactivity. The chamber-based soil CH4 flux differed significantly between the wet and dry areas. In the wet area, we observed net CH4 emission that was positively related to soil moisture and NH4+-N content. Taken together, our findings suggest that N availability has a strong regulatory effect on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions at Norunda, and that microbial decomposition of old-SOM to release bioavailable N might be partly responsible for the net CO2 emission at the site.
published_date 2022-07-20T04:17:46Z
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score 11.016235

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