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Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa / ANNA BRACKEN

Swansea University Author: ANNA BRACKEN

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.60074

Abstract

As human populations continue to grow, so does the demand for space – with urban centres encroaching into wild animal habitats. Social, generalist species, which show high rates of innovation and behavioural flexibility tend to adapt to and use human-altered landscapes. However, we know less about w...

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Published: Swansea 2022
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: King, Andrew J. ; Fürtbauer, Ines ; O’Riain, Justin
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60074
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first_indexed 2022-05-24T13:53:33Z
last_indexed 2022-05-25T03:36:51Z
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spelling 2022-05-24T15:46:17.5151826 v2 60074 2022-05-24 Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa fa2f68aa15b0b6e8036b06b0bf866c7c ANNA BRACKEN ANNA BRACKEN true false 2022-05-24 As human populations continue to grow, so does the demand for space – with urban centres encroaching into wild animal habitats. Social, generalist species, which show high rates of innovation and behavioural flexibility tend to adapt to and use human-altered landscapes. However, we know less about what factors drive differences among individuals in use of human-altered landscapes, or the repercussions of individual differences for social dynamics in animal groups, which I review in my introductory chapter (Chapter 1). In Chapter 2 I introduce my study system and methods. I study chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in Cape Town, South Africa that frequently have negative interactions with people at the urban edge and are managed by a team of rangers that herd the baboons from urban spaces, using aversive conditioning. Using high-resolution GPS data (recording at 1Hz frequency) combined with behavioural observations, field ranger survey and hormonal data I investigate variation in individual and collective behaviour associated with urban space-use. First, I examine variation in the time individuals spend in urban space, and contrary to expectations, find that females, rather than males, spend most time in urban space, and tend to use urban space with other group members and not with vulnerable offspring (Chapter 3). Second, I examine predictors of variation in urban space-use, and find that socially-peripheral, low-ranking female baboons make the most use of urban space, which is likely as a result of a management focus on adult males (Chapter 4). Further examination of fine-scale movement trajectories revealed both baboon phenotype and personality effect individual-level movement in urban space, where baboons most targeted by management show the greatest flexibility in movement (Chapter 5). Finally, I show that use of urban spaces drastically effects group dynamics, reducing cohesion and coordination of the troop, though high-ranking adults consistently lead the troop both in and out of urban space (Chapter 6). I synthesise these major findings in my final discussion chapter (Chapter 7) and discuss how my results will be important in current and future management of the Cape baboons and provide a basis for future examinations of urban space-use across species and systems. E-Thesis Swansea Human-wildlife interactions; Baboon; Flexibility; Urban space-use; Wildlife management; Biologging; Tracking collars 13 5 2022 2022-05-13 10.23889/SUthesis.60074 A selection of third party content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis due to copyright restrictions.ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-3139 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University King, Andrew J. ; Fürtbauer, Ines ; O’Riain, Justin Doctoral Ph.D Swansea University 2022-05-24T15:46:17.5151826 2022-05-24T14:49:08.9726270 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences ANNA BRACKEN 1 60074__24170__e730777d3bbe4e67829585d953ff4d18.pdf Bracken_Anna_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2022-05-24T15:43:35.5433742 Output 66028036 application/pdf Redacted version - open access true Copyright: The author, Anna M. Bracken, 2022. true eng
title Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa
spellingShingle Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa
ANNA BRACKEN
title_short Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa
title_full Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa
title_fullStr Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa
title_sort Variation in individual and collective behaviours by chacma baboons using urban space in Cape Town, South Africa
author_id_str_mv fa2f68aa15b0b6e8036b06b0bf866c7c
author_id_fullname_str_mv fa2f68aa15b0b6e8036b06b0bf866c7c_***_ANNA BRACKEN
author ANNA BRACKEN
author2 ANNA BRACKEN
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.60074
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description As human populations continue to grow, so does the demand for space – with urban centres encroaching into wild animal habitats. Social, generalist species, which show high rates of innovation and behavioural flexibility tend to adapt to and use human-altered landscapes. However, we know less about what factors drive differences among individuals in use of human-altered landscapes, or the repercussions of individual differences for social dynamics in animal groups, which I review in my introductory chapter (Chapter 1). In Chapter 2 I introduce my study system and methods. I study chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in Cape Town, South Africa that frequently have negative interactions with people at the urban edge and are managed by a team of rangers that herd the baboons from urban spaces, using aversive conditioning. Using high-resolution GPS data (recording at 1Hz frequency) combined with behavioural observations, field ranger survey and hormonal data I investigate variation in individual and collective behaviour associated with urban space-use. First, I examine variation in the time individuals spend in urban space, and contrary to expectations, find that females, rather than males, spend most time in urban space, and tend to use urban space with other group members and not with vulnerable offspring (Chapter 3). Second, I examine predictors of variation in urban space-use, and find that socially-peripheral, low-ranking female baboons make the most use of urban space, which is likely as a result of a management focus on adult males (Chapter 4). Further examination of fine-scale movement trajectories revealed both baboon phenotype and personality effect individual-level movement in urban space, where baboons most targeted by management show the greatest flexibility in movement (Chapter 5). Finally, I show that use of urban spaces drastically effects group dynamics, reducing cohesion and coordination of the troop, though high-ranking adults consistently lead the troop both in and out of urban space (Chapter 6). I synthesise these major findings in my final discussion chapter (Chapter 7) and discuss how my results will be important in current and future management of the Cape baboons and provide a basis for future examinations of urban space-use across species and systems.
published_date 2022-05-13T04:17:52Z
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