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3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: Additives for sustainable applications

Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Zia Ullah Arif, Reza Noroozi, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo, Seeram Ramakrishna, Rehan Umer

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume: 251, Start page: 126287

Swansea University Author: Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

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Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength,...

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Published in: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
ISSN: 0141-8130
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64109
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Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength, excellent flexibility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, the mechanical properties of CNCs can be tailored through chemical modifications for high-end applications including tissue engineering, actuating, and biomedical. Modern manufacturing methods including 3D/4D printing are highly advantageous for developing sophisticated and intricate geometries. This review highlights the major developments of additive manufactured CNCs, which promote sustainable solutions across a wide range of applications. Additionally, this contribution also presents current challenges and future research directions of CNC-based composites developed through 3D/4D printing techniques for myriad engineering sectors including tissue engineering, wound healing, wearable electronics, robotics, and anti-counterfeiting applications. Overall, this review will greatly help research scientists from chemistry, materials, biomedicine, and other disciplines to comprehend the underlying principles, mechanical properties, and applications of additively manufactured CNC-based structures.
Keywords: 3D/4D printing, Additive manufacturing, Sustainable materials, Nanocellulose, Cellulose nanocrystals
College: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Funders: Swansea University supported the open access fee.
Start Page: 126287