E-Thesis 231 views 67 downloads
Manufacturing and assessment of osteogenically enhanced hydroxyapatite/ calcium carbonate bone scaffolds / EMMA STEIJVERS
Swansea University Author: EMMA STEIJVERS
Abstract
Bone grafts are essential for repairing large bone defects, but natural sources are scarce and alternatives are needed. Hydroxyapatite/calcium carbonate scaffolds are osteocompatible and resorbable and thus suitable for bone grafts, but lack the growth factors and related osteogenicity present in na...
| Published: |
Swansea, Wales, UK
2023
|
|---|---|
| Institution: | Swansea University |
| Degree level: | Master of Research |
| Degree name: | MSc by Research |
| Supervisor: | Xia, Zhidao., Deganello, Davide. and Khan, Ilyas. |
| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64629 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract: |
Bone grafts are essential for repairing large bone defects, but natural sources are scarce and alternatives are needed. Hydroxyapatite/calcium carbonate scaffolds are osteocompatible and resorbable and thus suitable for bone grafts, but lack the growth factors and related osteogenicity present in natural grafts. This study aimed to enhance the osteogenic capacity of these bone scaffolds through two methods: 1) culturing and osteogenically differentiating mesenchymal stem cells onto the scaffolds in vitro so that they generate and deposit growth factors, and adding retinoic acid to increase cell differentiation and bone morphogenic protein expression, and 2) adding bisphosphonates, anti-osteoporotic medication, to the scaffolds to inhibit bone resorption and maximize the initial bone growth. Cell growth on scaffolds in vitro was analysed using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy and metabolic assays, and growth factors were quantified using ELISA. The results indicate that MSCs grow and deposit BMPs onto the scaffolds. Osteogenic differentiation increased the amount after 14, but not 7 or 21 days of culture, while the addition of RA is detrimental to growth factor production. The effect of bisphosphonates was determined by implanting scaffolds treated with OX-14 and Zoledronate in vivo in mice, then quantifying the bone growth through μCT scanning and the gene expression using qPCR. The addition of Zoledronate, but not OX-14, increased the bone callus size at all time points. In conclusion, both approaches are promising methods to improve bone scaffold osteogenicity. Culturing cells onto scaffolds can be done to add growth factors to them, though future research should aim to increase the amount deposited. The addition of Zoledronate increases bone callus size, and future research should determine the effectiveness of this approach in critical-sized bone defects. |
|---|---|
| Keywords: |
Bone scaffolds, hydroxyapatite, bone cement, bone implant |
| College: |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |