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Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects

Edwin Burns Orcid Logo, Weiying Yang, Haojiang Ying

Cognition, Volume: 212, Start page: 104715

Swansea University Author: Edwin Burns Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104715

Abstract

Cheerleader effects, group attractiveness effects, and divisive normalization are all characterized by faces appearing more attractive when seen within a group. However, it is possible that your friends could have a detrimental effect upon your attractiveness too: if these group effects arose partly...

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Published in: Cognition
ISSN: 0010-0277
Published: Elsevier BV 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65939
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first_indexed 2024-04-03T15:00:25Z
last_indexed 2024-04-03T15:00:25Z
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spelling v2 65939 2024-04-03 Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects fd2ee0c494abf5744c49ab6dd1f034bc 0000-0002-5938-5457 Edwin Burns Edwin Burns true false 2024-04-03 PSYS Cheerleader effects, group attractiveness effects, and divisive normalization are all characterized by faces appearing more attractive when seen within a group. However, it is possible that your friends could have a detrimental effect upon your attractiveness too: if these group effects arose partly as a contrastive process between your face and your friends, then highly attractive friends may diminish your attractiveness. We confirm this hypothesis across two experiments by showing that the presence of highly attractive friends can indeed make you appear less attractive (i.e., a reverse cheerleader effect), suggesting friend effects are driven in part by a contrastive process against the group. However, these effects are also influenced by your own attractiveness in a fashion that appears consistent with hierarchical encoding, where less attractive targets benefit more from being viewed in an increasingly unattractive group than attractive targets. Our final experiment demonstrates that the company of others not only alters our attractiveness, but also induces shifts in how average or distinctive a target face appears too, with these averageness effects associated with the friend effects observed in our first experiment. We present a Friend Effects Framework within which ‘friend effects’ is an umbrella term for the positive (e.g., cheerleader effects, group attractiveness effects) and negative (i.e., the reverse cheerleader effect) ways in which hierarchical encoding, group contrastive effects, and other influences of friends can have on your attractiveness. Journal Article Cognition 212 104715 Elsevier BV 0010-0277 1 7 2021 2021-07-01 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104715 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University 2024-07-15T12:33:30.3432496 2024-04-03T15:53:52.0654632 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Edwin Burns 0000-0002-5938-5457 1 Weiying Yang 2 Haojiang Ying 3 65939__29897__d1a903f9542243f19535e0a77866fd8d.pdf Manuscript_FriendEffectsFrameworkforSharing.docx 2024-04-03T15:57:41.9971664 Output 843158 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document Accepted Manuscript true false
title Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects
spellingShingle Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects
Edwin Burns
title_short Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects
title_full Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects
title_fullStr Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects
title_full_unstemmed Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects
title_sort Friend effects framework: Contrastive and hierarchical processing in cheerleader effects
author_id_str_mv fd2ee0c494abf5744c49ab6dd1f034bc
author_id_fullname_str_mv fd2ee0c494abf5744c49ab6dd1f034bc_***_Edwin Burns
author Edwin Burns
author2 Edwin Burns
Weiying Yang
Haojiang Ying
format Journal article
container_title Cognition
container_volume 212
container_start_page 104715
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 0010-0277
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104715
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104715
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Cheerleader effects, group attractiveness effects, and divisive normalization are all characterized by faces appearing more attractive when seen within a group. However, it is possible that your friends could have a detrimental effect upon your attractiveness too: if these group effects arose partly as a contrastive process between your face and your friends, then highly attractive friends may diminish your attractiveness. We confirm this hypothesis across two experiments by showing that the presence of highly attractive friends can indeed make you appear less attractive (i.e., a reverse cheerleader effect), suggesting friend effects are driven in part by a contrastive process against the group. However, these effects are also influenced by your own attractiveness in a fashion that appears consistent with hierarchical encoding, where less attractive targets benefit more from being viewed in an increasingly unattractive group than attractive targets. Our final experiment demonstrates that the company of others not only alters our attractiveness, but also induces shifts in how average or distinctive a target face appears too, with these averageness effects associated with the friend effects observed in our first experiment. We present a Friend Effects Framework within which ‘friend effects’ is an umbrella term for the positive (e.g., cheerleader effects, group attractiveness effects) and negative (i.e., the reverse cheerleader effect) ways in which hierarchical encoding, group contrastive effects, and other influences of friends can have on your attractiveness.
published_date 2021-07-01T12:33:29Z
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score 11.036706

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