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Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation

Rachael C Wilkinson Orcid Logo, Kirsty Meldrum, CAITLIN MAGGS, Nerissa Thomas, Bethan Thomas, Natalie De Mello Orcid Logo, Naomi Joyce

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Volume: 134, Issue: 11

Swansea University Authors: Kirsty Meldrum, CAITLIN MAGGS, Nerissa Thomas, Bethan Thomas, Natalie De Mello Orcid Logo, Naomi Joyce

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DOI (Published version): 10.1093/jambio/lxad244

Abstract

AimsNucleic acids, particularly antibiotic resistance genes, are commonly found on surfaces within healthcare environments, with levels not reducing following cleaning. Within the UK, there are no regulations for testing disinfectants against nucleic acids.Methods and resultsA series of commonplace...

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Published in: Journal of Applied Microbiology
ISSN: 1365-2672
Published: Oxford University Press (OUP) 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67706
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Within the UK, there are no regulations for testing disinfectants against nucleic acids.Methods and resultsA series of commonplace in vitro methods were used to determine disinfectant-induced physical and functional damage to various nucleic acids; RNA (10 μg), genomic DNA (2 μg), and plasmids (1 μg). Using these methods, the optimal residence time (10 minutes) and working concentration (10%) were determined for a new disinfectant. Furthermore, comparison of disinfectants with different active ingredients including lactic acid (LA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chloroxylenol (PCMX), and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), were compared to controls. All disinfectants showed greater degradation by gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA and RNA than of purified plasmids. Functional analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that no disinfectant tested (apart from control) could damage DNA to the level where PCR amplification was not possible, and only the NaOH reagent could achieve this for RNA.ConclusionsThe set of methods described herein provides a platform for future standardization and potential regulation regarding monitoring cleaning solutions for their activity against nucleic acids.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Applied Microbiology</journal><volume>134</volume><journalNumber>11</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1365-2672</issnElectronic><keywords>disinfection, degradation, antimicrobial resistance, genes, nucleic acid</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>11</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-11-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1093/jambio/lxad244</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>This work was funded by the European Structural Fund Programme 2014–2020 via the European Regional Development Fund funded C81844/C81845 ACCELERATE (Welsh Health Innovation Technology Accelerator) project.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-10-24T11:22:13.3831061</lastEdited><Created>2024-09-17T16:32:17.8087309</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Rachael C</firstname><surname>Wilkinson</surname><orcid>0000-0002-0749-108x</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Kirsty</firstname><surname>Meldrum</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>CAITLIN</firstname><surname>MAGGS</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Nerissa</firstname><surname>Thomas</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Bethan</firstname><surname>Thomas</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Natalie</firstname><surname>De Mello</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6973-2881</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Naomi</firstname><surname>Joyce</surname><order>7</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>67706__32692__49f4a51d4c6c46bc82d49afef267b951.pdf</filename><originalFilename>67706.VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-10-24T11:20:38.3338965</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>992951</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>©The Author(s) 2023. 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spelling v2 67706 2024-09-17 Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation bbb7bd27bfa3c6ffc73da8facfebc793 Kirsty Meldrum Kirsty Meldrum true false 40ec3b849333c2ad4d354d9c76cef2d1 CAITLIN MAGGS CAITLIN MAGGS true false 2fa55b1afb6705ff7fb03a2dd2db5fe4 Nerissa Thomas Nerissa Thomas true false 09ea6b20932c7cf460b9e3459130be1f Bethan Thomas Bethan Thomas true false 0790466dcb939bd39da7d5bd6326f1b6 0000-0001-6973-2881 Natalie De Mello Natalie De Mello true false 39c1214e0bfed8bb1d9d75b0fe667aca Naomi Joyce Naomi Joyce true false 2024-09-17 MEDS AimsNucleic acids, particularly antibiotic resistance genes, are commonly found on surfaces within healthcare environments, with levels not reducing following cleaning. Within the UK, there are no regulations for testing disinfectants against nucleic acids.Methods and resultsA series of commonplace in vitro methods were used to determine disinfectant-induced physical and functional damage to various nucleic acids; RNA (10 μg), genomic DNA (2 μg), and plasmids (1 μg). Using these methods, the optimal residence time (10 minutes) and working concentration (10%) were determined for a new disinfectant. Furthermore, comparison of disinfectants with different active ingredients including lactic acid (LA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chloroxylenol (PCMX), and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), were compared to controls. All disinfectants showed greater degradation by gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA and RNA than of purified plasmids. Functional analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that no disinfectant tested (apart from control) could damage DNA to the level where PCR amplification was not possible, and only the NaOH reagent could achieve this for RNA.ConclusionsThe set of methods described herein provides a platform for future standardization and potential regulation regarding monitoring cleaning solutions for their activity against nucleic acids. Journal Article Journal of Applied Microbiology 134 11 Oxford University Press (OUP) 1365-2672 disinfection, degradation, antimicrobial resistance, genes, nucleic acid 1 11 2023 2023-11-01 10.1093/jambio/lxad244 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This work was funded by the European Structural Fund Programme 2014–2020 via the European Regional Development Fund funded C81844/C81845 ACCELERATE (Welsh Health Innovation Technology Accelerator) project. 2024-10-24T11:22:13.3831061 2024-09-17T16:32:17.8087309 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science Rachael C Wilkinson 0000-0002-0749-108x 1 Kirsty Meldrum 2 CAITLIN MAGGS 3 Nerissa Thomas 4 Bethan Thomas 5 Natalie De Mello 0000-0001-6973-2881 6 Naomi Joyce 7 67706__32692__49f4a51d4c6c46bc82d49afef267b951.pdf 67706.VoR.pdf 2024-10-24T11:20:38.3338965 Output 992951 application/pdf Version of Record true ©The Author(s) 2023. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation
spellingShingle Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation
Kirsty Meldrum
CAITLIN MAGGS
Nerissa Thomas
Bethan Thomas
Natalie De Mello
Naomi Joyce
title_short Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation
title_full Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation
title_fullStr Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation
title_full_unstemmed Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation
title_sort Determining the efficacy of disinfectants at nucleic acid degradation
author_id_str_mv bbb7bd27bfa3c6ffc73da8facfebc793
40ec3b849333c2ad4d354d9c76cef2d1
2fa55b1afb6705ff7fb03a2dd2db5fe4
09ea6b20932c7cf460b9e3459130be1f
0790466dcb939bd39da7d5bd6326f1b6
39c1214e0bfed8bb1d9d75b0fe667aca
author_id_fullname_str_mv bbb7bd27bfa3c6ffc73da8facfebc793_***_Kirsty Meldrum
40ec3b849333c2ad4d354d9c76cef2d1_***_CAITLIN MAGGS
2fa55b1afb6705ff7fb03a2dd2db5fe4_***_Nerissa Thomas
09ea6b20932c7cf460b9e3459130be1f_***_Bethan Thomas
0790466dcb939bd39da7d5bd6326f1b6_***_Natalie De Mello
39c1214e0bfed8bb1d9d75b0fe667aca_***_Naomi Joyce
author Kirsty Meldrum
CAITLIN MAGGS
Nerissa Thomas
Bethan Thomas
Natalie De Mello
Naomi Joyce
author2 Rachael C Wilkinson
Kirsty Meldrum
CAITLIN MAGGS
Nerissa Thomas
Bethan Thomas
Natalie De Mello
Naomi Joyce
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Applied Microbiology
container_volume 134
container_issue 11
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 1365-2672
doi_str_mv 10.1093/jambio/lxad244
publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description AimsNucleic acids, particularly antibiotic resistance genes, are commonly found on surfaces within healthcare environments, with levels not reducing following cleaning. Within the UK, there are no regulations for testing disinfectants against nucleic acids.Methods and resultsA series of commonplace in vitro methods were used to determine disinfectant-induced physical and functional damage to various nucleic acids; RNA (10 μg), genomic DNA (2 μg), and plasmids (1 μg). Using these methods, the optimal residence time (10 minutes) and working concentration (10%) were determined for a new disinfectant. Furthermore, comparison of disinfectants with different active ingredients including lactic acid (LA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chloroxylenol (PCMX), and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), were compared to controls. All disinfectants showed greater degradation by gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA and RNA than of purified plasmids. Functional analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that no disinfectant tested (apart from control) could damage DNA to the level where PCR amplification was not possible, and only the NaOH reagent could achieve this for RNA.ConclusionsThe set of methods described herein provides a platform for future standardization and potential regulation regarding monitoring cleaning solutions for their activity against nucleic acids.
published_date 2023-11-01T11:22:11Z
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score 11.03559

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