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The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study

Jamie Torrance Orcid Logo, Alex M. T. Russell, Conor Heath, Philip Newall Orcid Logo

Addiction

Swansea University Author: Jamie Torrance Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/add.16732

Abstract

Background and aims: Gambling advertising is nowadays prevalent in multiple jurisdictions and can take multiple forms, such as TV adverts and social media promotions. However, few independently designed interventions for gambling advertising have been empirically tested. We aimed to measure the effe...

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Published in: Addiction
ISSN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Published: Wiley 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68376
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We aimed to measure the effectiveness of an inoculative intervention video for gambling advertising, which was developed based on previous interventions for alcohol and tobacco, and which used input from academics and experts by experience. Design: Between-participants randomised online experiment. Setting: UK. Participants: UK-based gamblers aged 18&#x2013;29&#x2009;years (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1200) were recruited via Prolific. Intervention: Participants either saw a novel inoculative intervention video (7.2 mins) aimed at increasing resistance against gambling advertising strategies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;595) or a neutral control video (7.2 mins) on healthy eating (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;605). Measurements: Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of gambling advertising scepticism and persuasion knowledge immediately before and after video exposure. They also answered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and reported their past-month engagement with gambling promotional offers. A random subset of participants (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;797) recompleted these measures at one-month follow-up. Findings: The intervention group's post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than control for scepticism [estimated marginal means (EMM)&#x2009;=&#x2009;40.32 vs. EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;34.72; P&#x2009;&lt;&#x2009;0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.90&#x2013;6.29, &#x3B7;p2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.17] and persuasion knowledge (EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;20.77 vs. EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;16.71; P&#x2009;&lt;&#x2009;0.001, 95%CI = 3.61&#x2013;4.50, &#x3B7;p2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.21). One-month follow-up scores also remained statistically significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control for both scepticism (EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;38.26 vs. EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;34.73; P&#x2009;&lt;&#x2009;0.001, 95%CI = 2.70&#x2013;4.36, &#x3B7;p2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.08) and persuasion knowledge (EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;18.63 vs. EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;17.21; P&#x2009;&lt;&#x2009;0.001, 95%CI = 0.88&#x2013;1.95, &#x3B7;p2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.03). Within the intervention group, 21% of participants had stopped engaging with gambling promotional offers at one-month follow-up, reflective of a statistically significant reduction compared with control (EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.48 vs. EMM&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.87; P&#x2009;&lt;&#x2009;0.001, 95%CI = &#x2212;0.53 to &#x2212;0.26, &#x3B7;p2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.04). Overall, the control group showed no statistically significant changes in any of their scores throughout the study period. 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T.</firstname><surname>Russell</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Conor</firstname><surname>Heath</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Philip</firstname><surname>Newall</surname><orcid>0000-0002-1660-9254</orcid><order>4</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>68376__33491__64c942b44f514e60b8cb30c852062f49.pdf</filename><originalFilename>68376.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2025-02-04T12:40:36.6503486</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1592884</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2025-03-31T16:06:54.2123651 v2 68376 2024-11-28 The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study de868c4f56d8f5fbecbd686fdbb7b4b5 0000-0001-5001-4126 Jamie Torrance Jamie Torrance true false 2024-11-28 PSYS Background and aims: Gambling advertising is nowadays prevalent in multiple jurisdictions and can take multiple forms, such as TV adverts and social media promotions. However, few independently designed interventions for gambling advertising have been empirically tested. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of an inoculative intervention video for gambling advertising, which was developed based on previous interventions for alcohol and tobacco, and which used input from academics and experts by experience. Design: Between-participants randomised online experiment. Setting: UK. Participants: UK-based gamblers aged 18–29 years (n = 1200) were recruited via Prolific. Intervention: Participants either saw a novel inoculative intervention video (7.2 mins) aimed at increasing resistance against gambling advertising strategies (n = 595) or a neutral control video (7.2 mins) on healthy eating (n = 605). Measurements: Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of gambling advertising scepticism and persuasion knowledge immediately before and after video exposure. They also answered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and reported their past-month engagement with gambling promotional offers. A random subset of participants (n = 797) recompleted these measures at one-month follow-up. Findings: The intervention group's post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than control for scepticism [estimated marginal means (EMM) = 40.32 vs. EMM = 34.72; P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.90–6.29, ηp2 = 0.17] and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 20.77 vs. EMM = 16.71; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.61–4.50, ηp2 = 0.21). One-month follow-up scores also remained statistically significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control for both scepticism (EMM = 38.26 vs. EMM = 34.73; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.70–4.36, ηp2 = 0.08) and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 18.63 vs. EMM = 17.21; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.88–1.95, ηp2 = 0.03). Within the intervention group, 21% of participants had stopped engaging with gambling promotional offers at one-month follow-up, reflective of a statistically significant reduction compared with control (EMM = 0.48 vs. EMM = 0.87; P < 0.001, 95%CI = −0.53 to −0.26, ηp2 = 0.04). Overall, the control group showed no statistically significant changes in any of their scores throughout the study period. Conclusions: An inoculative intervention video appears to increase young gamblers' resistance to gambling advertising and reduce their self-reported engagement with promotional offers. Journal Article Addiction 0 Wiley 0965-2140 1360-0443 counter-advertising, gambling advertising, gambling marketing, intervention, persuasion, scepticism 14 1 2025 2025-01-14 10.1111/add.16732 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This study was funded through an exploratory research grant awarded to J.T. (PI) and P.N. (CI) by the Academic Forum for the Study of Gambling and Gambling Research Exchange Ontario. 2025-03-31T16:06:54.2123651 2024-11-28T14:58:01.5369318 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Jamie Torrance 0000-0001-5001-4126 1 Alex M. T. Russell 2 Conor Heath 3 Philip Newall 0000-0002-1660-9254 4 68376__33491__64c942b44f514e60b8cb30c852062f49.pdf 68376.VOR.pdf 2025-02-04T12:40:36.6503486 Output 1592884 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
spellingShingle The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
Jamie Torrance
title_short The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
title_full The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
title_fullStr The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
title_full_unstemmed The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
title_sort The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
author_id_str_mv de868c4f56d8f5fbecbd686fdbb7b4b5
author_id_fullname_str_mv de868c4f56d8f5fbecbd686fdbb7b4b5_***_Jamie Torrance
author Jamie Torrance
author2 Jamie Torrance
Alex M. T. Russell
Conor Heath
Philip Newall
format Journal article
container_title Addiction
container_volume 0
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0965-2140
1360-0443
doi_str_mv 10.1111/add.16732
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background and aims: Gambling advertising is nowadays prevalent in multiple jurisdictions and can take multiple forms, such as TV adverts and social media promotions. However, few independently designed interventions for gambling advertising have been empirically tested. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of an inoculative intervention video for gambling advertising, which was developed based on previous interventions for alcohol and tobacco, and which used input from academics and experts by experience. Design: Between-participants randomised online experiment. Setting: UK. Participants: UK-based gamblers aged 18–29 years (n = 1200) were recruited via Prolific. Intervention: Participants either saw a novel inoculative intervention video (7.2 mins) aimed at increasing resistance against gambling advertising strategies (n = 595) or a neutral control video (7.2 mins) on healthy eating (n = 605). Measurements: Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of gambling advertising scepticism and persuasion knowledge immediately before and after video exposure. They also answered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and reported their past-month engagement with gambling promotional offers. A random subset of participants (n = 797) recompleted these measures at one-month follow-up. Findings: The intervention group's post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than control for scepticism [estimated marginal means (EMM) = 40.32 vs. EMM = 34.72; P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.90–6.29, ηp2 = 0.17] and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 20.77 vs. EMM = 16.71; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.61–4.50, ηp2 = 0.21). One-month follow-up scores also remained statistically significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control for both scepticism (EMM = 38.26 vs. EMM = 34.73; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.70–4.36, ηp2 = 0.08) and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 18.63 vs. EMM = 17.21; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.88–1.95, ηp2 = 0.03). Within the intervention group, 21% of participants had stopped engaging with gambling promotional offers at one-month follow-up, reflective of a statistically significant reduction compared with control (EMM = 0.48 vs. EMM = 0.87; P < 0.001, 95%CI = −0.53 to −0.26, ηp2 = 0.04). Overall, the control group showed no statistically significant changes in any of their scores throughout the study period. Conclusions: An inoculative intervention video appears to increase young gamblers' resistance to gambling advertising and reduce their self-reported engagement with promotional offers.
published_date 2025-01-14T08:22:24Z
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