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Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure

Xin Wang, Min Luo Orcid Logo, Harshinie Karunarathna Orcid Logo, Jose Horrillo-Caraballo, Dominic Reeve Orcid Logo

Coastal Engineering, Volume: 197, Start page: 104671

Swansea University Authors: Xin Wang, Min Luo Orcid Logo, Harshinie Karunarathna Orcid Logo, Jose Horrillo-Caraballo, Dominic Reeve Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2024.104671

Abstract

Wave impact loads on box-shaped structures highly depend on the wave morphology. This paper conducts a numerical study of freak wave impacts on a fixed, box-shaped deck. A numerical wave flume characterized by enhanced momentum conservation is developed, showing satisfactory accuracy and stability i...

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Published in: Coastal Engineering
ISSN: 0378-3839 1872-7379
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68452
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This paper conducts a numerical study of freak wave impacts on a fixed, box-shaped deck. A numerical wave flume characterized by enhanced momentum conservation is developed, showing satisfactory accuracy and stability in reproducing freak wave impacts. By changing the horizontal locations of the deck, comparative analyses of the kinematics and dynamics on the front, top and bottom walls of the deck are performed. Based on the morphological features of the wavefront and overturning wave tongue, a quantitative approach for classifying the impact types is proposed. Four impact types are identified, including the unaerated impact of a non-breaking wave, the well-developed plunging breaker impacts with air entrapment on the top or front wall, and the broken wave impact. By investigating the characteristics of each impact type, it is found that the wave shapes and impact behaviours vary significantly on the front and top walls but show high similarities on the bottom wall. The well-developed plunging breaker applies the largest wave pressures and forces, especially when air entrapment happens. Significant negative pressures appear on the top and bottom walls, and the sharp right angles on the edges of the front wall play an important role in the generation of such negative pressures. The influences of entrapped air pockets on wave loads highly depend on their locations. In particular, the entrapped air results in large pressures and insignificant air cushioning effects on the front wall. The findings of the present study would advance the knowledge of the breaking wave impact on box-shaped deck structures, especially the behaviours of the air entrapment and the influence on impact loads, which could underpin the design and assessment of coastal and ocean structures with deck platforms.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Coastal Engineering</journal><volume>197</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>104671</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0378-3839</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1872-7379</issnElectronic><keywords>Breaking wave; Ocean platform; REEF3D; Wave impact; Wave-structure interaction</keywords><publishedDay>15</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-04-15</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.coastaleng.2024.104671</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>ACEM</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Not Required</apcterm><funders>This research was partially supported by the National Key R&amp;D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFC3081300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12302319). The first author would like to thank the Centenary Scholarship from the Faculty of Science and Engineering of Swansea University. The first author and corresponding author appreciate the technical support from the HPC Centre of Zhejiang University at Zhoushan Campus.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-01-20T13:39:08.4930889</lastEdited><Created>2024-12-03T14:51:33.6841351</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Xin</firstname><surname>Wang</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Min</firstname><surname>Luo</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6688-9127</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Harshinie</firstname><surname>Karunarathna</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9087-3811</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Jose</firstname><surname>Horrillo-Caraballo</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Dominic</firstname><surname>Reeve</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1293-4743</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>68452__33054__5db3578d0fdc4b9494a5f62aa9db9f1f.pdf</filename><originalFilename>68452.AAM.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-12-04T13:03:04.0740946</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>6626550</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2024 The Author(s). 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spelling 2025-01-20T13:39:08.4930889 v2 68452 2024-12-03 Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure b0ce4aa1ac181e0ccc3388ce3641111b Xin Wang Xin Wang true false 91e3463c73c6a9d1f5c025feebe4ad0f 0000-0002-6688-9127 Min Luo Min Luo true false 0d3d327a240d49b53c78e02b7c00e625 0000-0002-9087-3811 Harshinie Karunarathna Harshinie Karunarathna true false 5166f9cd40b7c8628375d3f22d1c473c Jose Horrillo-Caraballo Jose Horrillo-Caraballo true false 3e76fcc2bb3cde4ddee2c8edfd2f0082 0000-0003-1293-4743 Dominic Reeve Dominic Reeve true false 2024-12-03 ACEM Wave impact loads on box-shaped structures highly depend on the wave morphology. This paper conducts a numerical study of freak wave impacts on a fixed, box-shaped deck. A numerical wave flume characterized by enhanced momentum conservation is developed, showing satisfactory accuracy and stability in reproducing freak wave impacts. By changing the horizontal locations of the deck, comparative analyses of the kinematics and dynamics on the front, top and bottom walls of the deck are performed. Based on the morphological features of the wavefront and overturning wave tongue, a quantitative approach for classifying the impact types is proposed. Four impact types are identified, including the unaerated impact of a non-breaking wave, the well-developed plunging breaker impacts with air entrapment on the top or front wall, and the broken wave impact. By investigating the characteristics of each impact type, it is found that the wave shapes and impact behaviours vary significantly on the front and top walls but show high similarities on the bottom wall. The well-developed plunging breaker applies the largest wave pressures and forces, especially when air entrapment happens. Significant negative pressures appear on the top and bottom walls, and the sharp right angles on the edges of the front wall play an important role in the generation of such negative pressures. The influences of entrapped air pockets on wave loads highly depend on their locations. In particular, the entrapped air results in large pressures and insignificant air cushioning effects on the front wall. The findings of the present study would advance the knowledge of the breaking wave impact on box-shaped deck structures, especially the behaviours of the air entrapment and the influence on impact loads, which could underpin the design and assessment of coastal and ocean structures with deck platforms. Journal Article Coastal Engineering 197 104671 Elsevier BV 0378-3839 1872-7379 Breaking wave; Ocean platform; REEF3D; Wave impact; Wave-structure interaction 15 4 2025 2025-04-15 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2024.104671 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University Not Required This research was partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFC3081300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12302319). The first author would like to thank the Centenary Scholarship from the Faculty of Science and Engineering of Swansea University. The first author and corresponding author appreciate the technical support from the HPC Centre of Zhejiang University at Zhoushan Campus. 2025-01-20T13:39:08.4930889 2024-12-03T14:51:33.6841351 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering Xin Wang 1 Min Luo 0000-0002-6688-9127 2 Harshinie Karunarathna 0000-0002-9087-3811 3 Jose Horrillo-Caraballo 4 Dominic Reeve 0000-0003-1293-4743 5 68452__33054__5db3578d0fdc4b9494a5f62aa9db9f1f.pdf 68452.AAM.pdf 2024-12-04T13:03:04.0740946 Output 6626550 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true © 2024 The Author(s). Author accepted manuscript document released under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY licence using the Swansea University Research Publications Policy (rights retention). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure
spellingShingle Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure
Xin Wang
Min Luo
Harshinie Karunarathna
Jose Horrillo-Caraballo
Dominic Reeve
title_short Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure
title_full Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure
title_fullStr Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure
title_full_unstemmed Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure
title_sort Numerical investigation of freak wave slamming on a fixed deck structure
author_id_str_mv b0ce4aa1ac181e0ccc3388ce3641111b
91e3463c73c6a9d1f5c025feebe4ad0f
0d3d327a240d49b53c78e02b7c00e625
5166f9cd40b7c8628375d3f22d1c473c
3e76fcc2bb3cde4ddee2c8edfd2f0082
author_id_fullname_str_mv b0ce4aa1ac181e0ccc3388ce3641111b_***_Xin Wang
91e3463c73c6a9d1f5c025feebe4ad0f_***_Min Luo
0d3d327a240d49b53c78e02b7c00e625_***_Harshinie Karunarathna
5166f9cd40b7c8628375d3f22d1c473c_***_Jose Horrillo-Caraballo
3e76fcc2bb3cde4ddee2c8edfd2f0082_***_Dominic Reeve
author Xin Wang
Min Luo
Harshinie Karunarathna
Jose Horrillo-Caraballo
Dominic Reeve
author2 Xin Wang
Min Luo
Harshinie Karunarathna
Jose Horrillo-Caraballo
Dominic Reeve
format Journal article
container_title Coastal Engineering
container_volume 197
container_start_page 104671
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0378-3839
1872-7379
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2024.104671
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Wave impact loads on box-shaped structures highly depend on the wave morphology. This paper conducts a numerical study of freak wave impacts on a fixed, box-shaped deck. A numerical wave flume characterized by enhanced momentum conservation is developed, showing satisfactory accuracy and stability in reproducing freak wave impacts. By changing the horizontal locations of the deck, comparative analyses of the kinematics and dynamics on the front, top and bottom walls of the deck are performed. Based on the morphological features of the wavefront and overturning wave tongue, a quantitative approach for classifying the impact types is proposed. Four impact types are identified, including the unaerated impact of a non-breaking wave, the well-developed plunging breaker impacts with air entrapment on the top or front wall, and the broken wave impact. By investigating the characteristics of each impact type, it is found that the wave shapes and impact behaviours vary significantly on the front and top walls but show high similarities on the bottom wall. The well-developed plunging breaker applies the largest wave pressures and forces, especially when air entrapment happens. Significant negative pressures appear on the top and bottom walls, and the sharp right angles on the edges of the front wall play an important role in the generation of such negative pressures. The influences of entrapped air pockets on wave loads highly depend on their locations. In particular, the entrapped air results in large pressures and insignificant air cushioning effects on the front wall. The findings of the present study would advance the knowledge of the breaking wave impact on box-shaped deck structures, especially the behaviours of the air entrapment and the influence on impact loads, which could underpin the design and assessment of coastal and ocean structures with deck platforms.
published_date 2025-04-15T20:49:36Z
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score 11.048302

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