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An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity / JULIA COOK

Swansea University Author: JULIA COOK

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUThesis.69218

Abstract

Sport faces threats from integrity issues, such as doping, competition manipulation, corruption and abuse. The use of intelligence and investigations has been introduced to aid integrity organisations with the prevention, deterrence, detection and sanctioning of integrity offences. This research aim...

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Published: Swansea University, Wales, UK 2025
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Bloodworth, A., and McNamee, M.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69218
first_indexed 2025-04-03T12:14:15Z
last_indexed 2025-04-04T05:16:25Z
id cronfa69218
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2025-04-03T13:16:22.2272823 v2 69218 2025-04-03 An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity 57157386dbbf6c87887a3b4639857c66 JULIA COOK JULIA COOK true false 2025-04-03 Sport faces threats from integrity issues, such as doping, competition manipulation, corruption and abuse. The use of intelligence and investigations has been introduced to aid integrity organisations with the prevention, deterrence, detection and sanctioning of integrity offences. This research aims to assess the global use of intelligence and investigations within sports integrity. This includes analysis of ethical questions, e.g., what the functions of sports integrity organisations are, what an ethical investigation is, issues surrounding reporting integrity issues, what the appropriate powers for sport integrity are, with an overarching question of whether sports integrity in its current form can justify these investigative methods. The data for this research was collected via semi-structured interviews with 20 participants. 15 participants were ‘Integrity Officers’ employed within different integrity organisations. 5 participants were Athlete Representatives. This study was conducted within a critical realist framework. This research found the use of investigative methods and intelligence varied. Differing powers are available to integrity organisations, including contentious regulations that allow organisations to demand objects and information. Participants displayed concerns with the use of these rules. Reporting integrity issues is an important source of intelligence, however, Athlete Representatives expressed concerns that athletes are not protected when reporting, whereas Integrity Officers considered protections to be in place. Overall, the methods currently used in sports integrity are not wholly justifiable. This is due to concerns from the participants with these methods, the fact that much wrongdoing in sport is not criminal in nature, and due to the coercive offer of some regulations. These findings indicate the need for further dialogue between athletes and integrity organisations, particularly around powers and protections, and the need for enhanced, unified investigative regulations. This could be supported by the creation of an independent, global integrity governing body. E-Thesis Swansea University, Wales, UK ethics, integrity, sport, anti-doping, competition manipulation 11 2 2025 2025-02-11 10.23889/SUThesis.69218 A selection of content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis to protect sensitive and personal information. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Bloodworth, A., and McNamee, M. Doctoral Ph.D ESRC Doctoral Training Program ESRC Doctoral Training Program 2025-04-03T13:16:22.2272823 2025-04-03T13:05:49.0692630 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences JULIA COOK 1 69218__33936__be81dadf7b3e4663acca9be1a109f5d4.pdf 2024_Cook_J.final.69218.pdf 2025-04-03T13:13:46.9583925 Output 2047171 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Julia Ellen Cook, 2024 true eng
title An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity
spellingShingle An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity
JULIA COOK
title_short An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity
title_full An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity
title_fullStr An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity
title_full_unstemmed An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity
title_sort An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Intelligence and Investigations within Sports Integrity
author_id_str_mv 57157386dbbf6c87887a3b4639857c66
author_id_fullname_str_mv 57157386dbbf6c87887a3b4639857c66_***_JULIA COOK
author JULIA COOK
author2 JULIA COOK
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUThesis.69218
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Sport faces threats from integrity issues, such as doping, competition manipulation, corruption and abuse. The use of intelligence and investigations has been introduced to aid integrity organisations with the prevention, deterrence, detection and sanctioning of integrity offences. This research aims to assess the global use of intelligence and investigations within sports integrity. This includes analysis of ethical questions, e.g., what the functions of sports integrity organisations are, what an ethical investigation is, issues surrounding reporting integrity issues, what the appropriate powers for sport integrity are, with an overarching question of whether sports integrity in its current form can justify these investigative methods. The data for this research was collected via semi-structured interviews with 20 participants. 15 participants were ‘Integrity Officers’ employed within different integrity organisations. 5 participants were Athlete Representatives. This study was conducted within a critical realist framework. This research found the use of investigative methods and intelligence varied. Differing powers are available to integrity organisations, including contentious regulations that allow organisations to demand objects and information. Participants displayed concerns with the use of these rules. Reporting integrity issues is an important source of intelligence, however, Athlete Representatives expressed concerns that athletes are not protected when reporting, whereas Integrity Officers considered protections to be in place. Overall, the methods currently used in sports integrity are not wholly justifiable. This is due to concerns from the participants with these methods, the fact that much wrongdoing in sport is not criminal in nature, and due to the coercive offer of some regulations. These findings indicate the need for further dialogue between athletes and integrity organisations, particularly around powers and protections, and the need for enhanced, unified investigative regulations. This could be supported by the creation of an independent, global integrity governing body.
published_date 2025-02-11T05:21:45Z
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score 11.090464

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