Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes

Willow, Ashley; Orzech, Marcin; Kiani, Sajad; Reynolds, Nathan; Houchell, Matthew; OMISORE, OLUTIMILEHIN; Tehrani, Zari; Margadonna, Serena

doi:10.3390/batteries11030097

Journal article 560 views 855 downloads

Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes

Ashley Willow

, Marcin Orzech

, Sajad Kiani

, Nathan Reynolds, Matthew Houchell, OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE, Zari Tehrani

, Serena Margadonna

Batteries, Volume: 11, Issue: 3, Start page: 97

Swansea University Authors: Ashley Willow , Marcin Orzech , Sajad Kiani , Nathan Reynolds, Matthew Houchell, OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE, Zari Tehrani , Serena Margadonna

PDF | Version of Record

© 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
Download (2.07MB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.3390/batteries11030097

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of pouch cell design on energy density, both volumetric and gravimetric, through the development of accurate 3D models of small-format (<5 Ah) pouch cells. Various configurations were analysed, considering material properties and extrapolating expected electroch...

Full description

Published in:	Batteries
ISSN:	2313-0105
Published:	MDPI AG 2025
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69263

first_indexed	2025-04-10T12:54:19Z
last_indexed	2025-04-11T05:22:35Z
id	cronfa69263
recordtype	SURis
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2025-04-10T13:59:01.1096823</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>69263</id><entry>2025-04-10</entry><title>Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>4cb7d3eb9775e2a5e2920db4b8954681</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-9355-4712</ORCID><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Willow</surname><name>Ashley Willow</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>d47b0185188280619c0d61f40ea98a9a</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-1086-4481</ORCID><firstname>Marcin</firstname><surname>Orzech</surname><name>Marcin Orzech</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>fe9ec46699e095368faf2a0465b598c5</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-1609-6855</ORCID><firstname>Sajad</firstname><surname>Kiani</surname><name>Sajad Kiani</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>cb562e5fe55348279e3cd299d2b3d000</sid><firstname>Nathan</firstname><surname>Reynolds</surname><name>Nathan Reynolds</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>c7b436c06f4dd052d0910e2f2a1565b2</sid><firstname>Matthew</firstname><surname>Houchell</surname><name>Matthew Houchell</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>60cc73ee462c2d03cd2c48531f9cdec6</sid><firstname>OLUTIMILEHIN</firstname><surname>OMISORE</surname><name>OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>fd8e614b01086804c80fbafa6fa6aaf5</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5069-7921</ORCID><firstname>Zari</firstname><surname>Tehrani</surname><name>Zari Tehrani</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>e31904a10b1b1240b98ab52d9977dfbe</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-6996-6562</ORCID><firstname>Serena</firstname><surname>Margadonna</surname><name>Serena Margadonna</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2025-04-10</date><deptcode>EAAS</deptcode><abstract>This study investigated the impact of pouch cell design on energy density, both volumetric and gravimetric, through the development of accurate 3D models of small-format (<5 Ah) pouch cells. Various configurations were analysed, considering material properties and extrapolating expected electrochemical performance from studies on Prussian white cathodes in coin and pouch cells. This approach allowed for a rapid assessment of several performance-influencing factors, including the number of layers in the pouch cell, cathode thickness, active material percentage, and electrolyte volume. The highest calculated energy density of small-format pouch cells was shown to be 282 Wh kg−1 and 454 Wh L−1, achieved in a 3 Ah, 20-layer pouch cell. The calculations were validated using sodium-ion anode-free pouch cells utilising a Prussian white cathode in single- and few-layer format pouch cells (<0.1 Ah) cycled under a low external pressure (~200 kPa).</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Batteries</journal><volume>11</volume><journalNumber>3</journalNumber><paginationStart>97</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2313-0105</issnElectronic><keywords>sodium ion; anode-free cell; pouch cells; Prussian white; cathode</keywords><publishedDay>4</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-03-04</publishedDate><doi>10.3390/batteries11030097</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Engineering and Applied Sciences School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>EAAS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Other</apcterm><funders>This project was funded by Enserv Ltd.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-04-10T13:59:01.1096823</lastEdited><Created>2025-04-10T13:51:10.9523905</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Willow</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9355-4712</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Marcin</firstname><surname>Orzech</surname><orcid>0000-0002-1086-4481</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Sajad</firstname><surname>Kiani</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1609-6855</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Nathan</firstname><surname>Reynolds</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Matthew</firstname><surname>Houchell</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>OLUTIMILEHIN</firstname><surname>OMISORE</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Zari</firstname><surname>Tehrani</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5069-7921</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Serena</firstname><surname>Margadonna</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6996-6562</orcid><order>8</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>69263__33998__2bc6f2e46ff349b583637bcfe56ee41e.pdf</filename><originalFilename>batteries-11-00097.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2025-04-10T13:51:10.8819761</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>2170964</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling	2025-04-10T13:59:01.1096823 v2 69263 2025-04-10 Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes 4cb7d3eb9775e2a5e2920db4b8954681 0000-0001-9355-4712 Ashley Willow Ashley Willow true false d47b0185188280619c0d61f40ea98a9a 0000-0002-1086-4481 Marcin Orzech Marcin Orzech true false fe9ec46699e095368faf2a0465b598c5 0000-0003-1609-6855 Sajad Kiani Sajad Kiani true false cb562e5fe55348279e3cd299d2b3d000 Nathan Reynolds Nathan Reynolds true false c7b436c06f4dd052d0910e2f2a1565b2 Matthew Houchell Matthew Houchell true false 60cc73ee462c2d03cd2c48531f9cdec6 OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE true false fd8e614b01086804c80fbafa6fa6aaf5 0000-0002-5069-7921 Zari Tehrani Zari Tehrani true false e31904a10b1b1240b98ab52d9977dfbe 0000-0002-6996-6562 Serena Margadonna Serena Margadonna true false 2025-04-10 EAAS This study investigated the impact of pouch cell design on energy density, both volumetric and gravimetric, through the development of accurate 3D models of small-format (<5 Ah) pouch cells. Various configurations were analysed, considering material properties and extrapolating expected electrochemical performance from studies on Prussian white cathodes in coin and pouch cells. This approach allowed for a rapid assessment of several performance-influencing factors, including the number of layers in the pouch cell, cathode thickness, active material percentage, and electrolyte volume. The highest calculated energy density of small-format pouch cells was shown to be 282 Wh kg−1 and 454 Wh L−1, achieved in a 3 Ah, 20-layer pouch cell. The calculations were validated using sodium-ion anode-free pouch cells utilising a Prussian white cathode in single- and few-layer format pouch cells (<0.1 Ah) cycled under a low external pressure (~200 kPa). Journal Article Batteries 11 3 97 MDPI AG 2313-0105 sodium ion; anode-free cell; pouch cells; Prussian white; cathode 4 3 2025 2025-03-04 10.3390/batteries11030097 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University Other This project was funded by Enserv Ltd. 2025-04-10T13:59:01.1096823 2025-04-10T13:51:10.9523905 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Ashley Willow 0000-0001-9355-4712 1 Marcin Orzech 0000-0002-1086-4481 2 Sajad Kiani 0000-0003-1609-6855 3 Nathan Reynolds 4 Matthew Houchell 5 OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE 6 Zari Tehrani 0000-0002-5069-7921 7 Serena Margadonna 0000-0002-6996-6562 8 69263__33998__2bc6f2e46ff349b583637bcfe56ee41e.pdf batteries-11-00097.pdf 2025-04-10T13:51:10.8819761 Output 2170964 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes
spellingShingle	Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes Ashley Willow Marcin Orzech Sajad Kiani Nathan Reynolds Matthew Houchell OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE Zari Tehrani Serena Margadonna
title_short	Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes
title_full	Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes
title_fullStr	Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes
title_full_unstemmed	Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes
title_sort	Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes
author_id_str_mv	4cb7d3eb9775e2a5e2920db4b8954681 d47b0185188280619c0d61f40ea98a9a fe9ec46699e095368faf2a0465b598c5 cb562e5fe55348279e3cd299d2b3d000 c7b436c06f4dd052d0910e2f2a1565b2 60cc73ee462c2d03cd2c48531f9cdec6 fd8e614b01086804c80fbafa6fa6aaf5 e31904a10b1b1240b98ab52d9977dfbe
author_id_fullname_str_mv	4cb7d3eb9775e2a5e2920db4b8954681_*_Ashley Willow d47b0185188280619c0d61f40ea98a9a__Marcin Orzech fe9ec46699e095368faf2a0465b598c5__Sajad Kiani cb562e5fe55348279e3cd299d2b3d000__Nathan Reynolds c7b436c06f4dd052d0910e2f2a1565b2__Matthew Houchell 60cc73ee462c2d03cd2c48531f9cdec6__OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE fd8e614b01086804c80fbafa6fa6aaf5__Zari Tehrani e31904a10b1b1240b98ab52d9977dfbe_*_Serena Margadonna
author	Ashley Willow Marcin Orzech Sajad Kiani Nathan Reynolds Matthew Houchell OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE Zari Tehrani Serena Margadonna
author2	Ashley Willow Marcin Orzech Sajad Kiani Nathan Reynolds Matthew Houchell OLUTIMILEHIN OMISORE Zari Tehrani Serena Margadonna
format	Journal article
container_title	Batteries
container_volume	11
container_issue	3
container_start_page	97
publishDate	2025
institution	Swansea University
issn	2313-0105
doi_str_mv	10.3390/batteries11030097
publisher	MDPI AG
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str	1
active_str	0
description	This study investigated the impact of pouch cell design on energy density, both volumetric and gravimetric, through the development of accurate 3D models of small-format (<5 Ah) pouch cells. Various configurations were analysed, considering material properties and extrapolating expected electrochemical performance from studies on Prussian white cathodes in coin and pouch cells. This approach allowed for a rapid assessment of several performance-influencing factors, including the number of layers in the pouch cell, cathode thickness, active material percentage, and electrolyte volume. The highest calculated energy density of small-format pouch cells was shown to be 282 Wh kg−1 and 454 Wh L−1, achieved in a 3 Ah, 20-layer pouch cell. The calculations were validated using sodium-ion anode-free pouch cells utilising a Prussian white cathode in single- and few-layer format pouch cells (<0.1 Ah) cycled under a low external pressure (~200 kPa).
published_date	2025-03-04T05:24:11Z
_version_	1851550598953959424
score	11.090091

Design and Validation of Anode-Free Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells Employing Prussian White Cathodes

Similar Items